| 释义 |
▪ I. bond, n.1|bɒnd|
Also 4–5 boond, 5–7 bonde, 6 bound.
[ME. bond, a phonetic var. of band n.1 (cf. land lond, stand stond, etc.), used interchangeably with it in early senses; but bond preserved more distinctly the connexion with bind, bound, and is now the leading or exclusive form in branch II.]
I. lit. That with or by which a thing is bound.
1. a. Anything with which one's body or limbs are bound in restraint of personal liberty; a shackle, chain, fetter, manacle. arch. (and only in pl.).
c1250Gen. & Ex. 2230 Bondes ben leid on Symeon. c1340Cursor M. 7202 (Trin.) Alle his bondes he brake in two [other MSS. bandes, -is]. 1382Wyclif Acts xvi. 26 The bondis of alle ben vnbounden. 1570Levins Manip. 166 Bonde, vinculum. 1611Bible Acts xxvi. 29 Altogether such as I am, except these bonds. 1785Cowper Task ii. 36 I had much rather be myself the slave, And wear the bonds, than fasten them on him.
fig.1802Bingley Anim. Zool. (1813) I. 44 As soon as the parts of the animal, within the shell of the chrysalis, have acquired strength sufficient to break the bonds that surround it.
b. abstr. Confinement, imprisonment, custody. (In later times only in pl.) arch.
a1225St. Marher. 13 Þu..þt haldes me in bondes. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2075 Ic am..holden in bond. 1330R. Brunne Chron. 123 Arnulf.. was taken als thefe, & abrouht in bond. c1400Gamelyn 401 Lese me out of bond. c1430Hymns Virg. (1867) 6 Let me neuere falle in boondis of þe queed! 1595Shakes. John iii. iv. 74, I..will againe commit them to their bonds. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 207 To endure Exile, or ignominy, or bonds, or pain. 1722Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. 61 Drunkards, and fighters, and swearers, have their liberty without bonds. 1884Tennyson Becket 190 Prate not of bonds.
†c. Our Lady's bonds: pregnancy; confinement at child-birth, accouchement. Obs.
1504Will of W. Pryor App., I Alys beyng in the bondis of owr lady. 1558Bp. White in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. ii. lxxxi. 286 To dye in the bond, as they call it, of our Lady, and travail of child.
2. a. That with which a thing is bound or tied down, or together, so as to keep it in its position or collective form: formerly including metal hoops girding anything; still the regular name for the withe which ties up a fagot, and in various technical senses. Cf. also 13.
c1340Cursor M. 1671 (Trin.) Bynde [þe tymber] furste wiþ balke & bonde. 1420E.E. Wills (1882) 46, 1 bord mausure with a bond of seluer. 1542–3Act 34 & 35 Hen. VIII, iii, The bonde of euery whiche faggotte to conteine three quarters of a yarde. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xxiii, What conceivable Hoops, what Bond he can imagine to hold this mass of Matter. 1879Jefferies Wild Life S. County 123 Binding [the thatch] down with a crosswork of bonds, to prevent the gales..unroofing the rick.
†b. Formerly more generally, ‘string, band, tie’.
1388Wyclif Judges xvi. 13 If thou plattist seuene heeris of myn heed with a strong boond. c1450Merlin xxiii. 425 Bounden to the sadell with two bondes. a1550Kyng & Hermit 466 in Hazl. E.P.P. 31 The frere gaff him bow in hond, Iake, he seyd, draw up the bond. 1674Pardon of Rome in Staveley Rom. Horseleach (1769) 55 In the Chirch of St. Crucis..there is a Bond that Chryst was led with to his Crucifyeing.
fig.c1250Gen. & Ex. 2113 Non so wis..Ðe kuðe undon ðis dremes bond.
†3. A bandage. Obs.
1382Wyclif John xi. 44 And anoon he that was deed, cam forth, bounden the hondis and feet with bondis [1611 graue-clothes]. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., What quantite of length and brede ought the bondes to be? 1670Eachard Cont. Clergy in Arb. Garner VII. 259 To make a bond or give a glyster.
†4. A quantity bound together; bunch, bundle.
c1462Wright's Chaste Wife 226 Sche toke hym a bonde [of hemp]..And bade hym fast on to bete. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 67/1 Abygail toke..C bondes of grapes dreyde.
II. fig. A restraining or uniting force.
5. (fig. from 1) Any circumstance that trammels or takes away freedom of action; a force which enslaves the mind through the affections or passion; in pl. trammels, shackles.
c1250Gen. & Ex. 2716 Moyses..hente ðe cherl wið hise wond, And he fel dun in dedes bond. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. iii. xiii. (1495) 57 The soule..muste suffre for the bonde of the body that he is joyned to. c1440Gesta Rom. ii. 7 Helde in the bond of seruitute of synne. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 57 Thou must cutte away all outwarde bondes whiche..sholde be let or hynderaunce to perfeccyon. 1832Lander Exped. Niger II. vi. 129 Nor does the marriage ceremony break the bonds of the woman's slavery. 1871Morley Voltaire (1886) 25 Hindered by the tight bonds of an old order.
6. a. A constraining force or tie acting upon the mind, and recognised by it as obligatory.
1330R. Brunne Chron. 260 Þe bondes of homage & feaute. 1592West Symbol i. i. §2 Therefore it is termed the bond of right or law. 1651Hobbes Leviath. i. xiv. 65 The Bonds, by which men are bound, and obliged. 1769Junius Lett. i. 9 Justice is, perhaps, the firmest bond to secure a cheerful submission of the people. a1876J. H. Newman Hist. Sk. (1876) I. i. iv. 172 What serves as a bond to-day will be equally serviceable to-morrow.
†b. Obligation, duty. Obs.
c1449Pecock Repr. iii. vii. 316 The ensaumple..makith no boond that preestis..lyue withoute endewing of vnmouable possessions. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 160 b, Prayers of bonde or duty. 1535Bp. Gardiner in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. ii. App. lx. 148, I know my duty and bond to your highnes. 1643J. Burroughes Exp. Hosea v. (1652) 231 There is no such bond upon conscience..as this, etc.
7. a. A uniting or cementing force or influence by which a union of any kind is maintained.
1382Wyclif Ephes. iv. 3 Besy for to kepe vnite of spirit in the bond of pees. 1549Bk. Com. Prayer, Quinquag. Sunday Collect, Charitie, the verie bonde of peace and all vertue. 1690Locke Hum. Und. iii. xi, Speech being the great Bond that holds Society together. 1789Belsham Ess. I. viii. 163 An urgent and obvious want of some common bond of union. 1820W. Irving Sk. Bk. I. 43 The only bond that can keep hearts together—unreserved community of thought and feeling.
b. Senses 6, 7, and 8 seem to be present in the bond(s of wedlock or matrimony.
1552Huloet, Bonde of matrimonye or wedlocke. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. ii. i. 280 Within the Bond of Marriage. 1645Milton Tetrach. Wks. 1738 I. 241 That divorce which finally dissolves the bond, and frees both parties to a second Marriage. 1712Hughes Spect. No. 525 ⁋1 He is ready to enter into the bonds of matrimony. 1859Tennyson Elaine 1200 Our bond is not the bond of man and wife.
8. a. An agreement or engagement binding on him who makes it. b. A covenant between two or more persons.
1330R. Brunne Chron. 311 If þe Kyng..had mad þat bond, & drawen it. c1386Chaucer Frankl. T. 806, I yow relesse..euery surement and euery bond That ye han maad to me. c1500Lancelot 1673 O kingis word shuld be a kingis bonde. 1535Coverdale Josh. ix. 11 We are youre seruauntes, therfore make now a bonde with vs. a1564Becon Demands Holy Script. in Prayers, &c. (1844) 618 This confirmation is as it were a discharge of the godfathers bounds. c1610Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1735) 12 A Bond offensive and defensive. 1759Robertson Hist. Scot. I. vii. 496 To unite the party a bond of confederacy was formed. 1810Coleridge Friend (1865) 171 The whole treaty of Amiens is little more than a perplexed bond of compromise respecting Malta. 1833Marryat P. Simple (1863) 145 My word's as good as my bond. 1851Coal-tr. Terms Northumbrld. & Durh. 8 Bond, the agreement to hire between coal owners and pitmen.
†c. to enter bonds: to give a bond, pledge oneself (obs.). to put under bonds: see quot.
1563–87Foxe A. & M. III. 353 If I shall enter bonds, covenant, and promise to appear. 1809Kendall Trav. III. lxxxii. 253 To put a prisoner under bonds is to order him to find bail.
III. Legal and technical senses.
9. a. Eng. Law. A deed, by which A (known as the obligor) binds himself, his heirs, executors, or assigns to pay a certain sum of money to B (known as the obligee), or his heirs, etc.
A may bind himself to this payment absolutely and unconditionally, in which case the deed is known as a single bond or simple bond (simplex obligatio): bonds in this form are obsolete. Or a condition may be attached that the deed shall be made void by the payment, by a certain date, of money, rent, etc. due from A to B, or by some other performance or observance, the sum named being only a penalty to enforce the performance of the condition, in which case the deed is termed a penal bond.
1592West Symbol. B ij. § 31 For a written Bond, is a Contract whereby any man confesseth himselfe by his writing orderly made, sealed, and deliuered to owe any thing unto him with whom he contracteth. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. i. iii. 146 Goe with me to a Notarie, seale me there Your single bond. a1656Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 282 One cares to make his mony sure by good bonds. 1805J. Poole Reply R. Gardiner 2 Devaux..having lost the original bons..importuned him until he signed a fresh set. 1809R. Langford Introd. Trade 105 A bond, for money lent..is a deed in writing, whereby one person binds himself to another, to pay a sum of money, or perform some other act. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. 495 The Company petitioned the House of Commons for permission to raise two millions upon bond.
b. Scotch Law. A mortgage.
1862Burton Bk.-hunter ii. 131 We [Scotch] speak of a bond instead of a mortgage.
10. A document of this nature (but not necessarily or usually in the form of an ordinary bond) issued by a government or public company borrowing money: in modern use synonymous with debenture.
1651Proc. Parliament No. 123. 1902 Large sums of Loan Money, Borrowed money on the Publick bonds. 1788J. Powell Devises (1827) II. 25 Bonds of turnpike commissioners, and navigation shares. 1873Law Rep. 8 Q.B. 179 The bond numbered B. 499 was drawn as one of those to be paid off..according to the conditions printed on the back of the debenture. 1881Morley Cobden II. 221 Friends..recommended him only to hold bonds or paid-up shares.
11. a. Surety; one who becomes bail.
1632Star Chamb. Cases (1886) 278 Some of them appeared by bond. 1667Pepys Diary (1879) IV. 266 The King of England shall be bond for him.
b. U.S. Law. = bail-bond s.v. bail n.1 7.
c. = bail n.1 5 a, esp. in phr. on bond.
1886Pacific Reporter IX. 935 A bond, or as it is commonly called, a bail-bond, is..an obligation..under seal, signed by the party giving the same, with one or more sureties, under a penalty, conditioned to do some particular act. 1970Globe & Mail (Toronto) 25 Sept. 9/2 He was taken before U.S. Commissioner Ed Swan, who set bond at $500,000. 1974Aiken (S. Carolina) Standard 22 Apr. 4-b/1 Five white men accused of killing a black youth from Fairfax, S.C., four years ago were released on bond Saturday after spending the night in jail. 1979Tucson (Arizona) Daily Citizen 20 Sept. 7c/3 O'Brien has remained free on bond during the appeals process.
12. in bond: (goods liable to customs-duty) stored in special warehouses (known as bonded or bonding warehouses or stores) under charge of custom-house officers, till it is convenient to the importer to pay the customs-duty and take possession. The importer on entering the goods pledges himself by bond to redeem them by paying the duty. So to take out of bond, release from bond.
1851H. Martineau Hist. Peace v. xiv, More foreign corn was let out of bond. 1852McCulloch Taxation ii. x. 350 Taking the price of bohea and low congou in bond in London at 1s. per lb. 1863Fawcett Pol. Econ. ii. iii. (1876) 552 A merchant may not wish to sell immediately the goods he imports, he is therefore permitted to place them in bond.
13. Technical uses:
a. Bricklaying and Masonry. The connexion or union of the bricks or stones in a wall or structure by making them overlap and hold together; a method of disposing the bricks in a wall by which the whole is bound into one compact mass: as in English bond, that in which the bricks are placed in alternate courses of ‘headers’ (bricks laid with their ends towards the face of the wall or structure) and ‘stretchers’ (bricks laid longitudinally); also English cross bond (see quots.); Flemish bond, that in which each course consists of alternate ‘headers’ and ‘stretchers’; garden bond, etc.; also a brick or stone placed lengthways through a wall to bind and strengthen it, a binder, bond stone.
b. Carpentry. The jointing or fastening of two or more pieces of timber together; also in pl. the timbers used for strengthening the walls of a building.
c. Slating. The distance which the lower edge of one roofing-slate or tile extends beyond the nail of the one below it.
1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 157 When Workmen say make good Bond, they mean fasten the two or more pieces of Timber well together. Ibid. 259 Do not work any Wall above 3 foot high before you work up the next adjoining Wall, that so you may..make good Bond in the Work. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §82 The tail of the header was made to have an adequate bond with the interior parts. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 347 Bricks are laid in a varied, but regular, form of connection, or Bond. Ibid. 352 You will have proper bond; and the key-bond in the middle of the arches. 1825G. A. Smeaton Builder's Pocket Man. i. iv. 100 The principal methods of brick-laying are known under the appellation of English bond and Flemish bond. Ibid., The English bond is composed of alternate courses of headers and stretchers. 1842N. Whittock et al. Bk. Trades 75 The disposition of bricks in a building where there are alternate courses of headers and stretchers, is called English bond. 1869Phillips Vesuv. ii. 34 York bond being made of broad bricks laid in several courses among squared small stone. 1872Yeats Techn. Hist. Comm. 87 They used large thin bricks or wall-tiles as a bond for their rubble construction. 1876Encycl. Brit. IV. 461/1 English bond should have preference when the greatest degree of strength and compactness is considered. 1888C. F. Mitchell Building Constr. & Drawing ii. 37 English Cross Bond, a class of English bond. Every other stretching course has a header placed next the quoin stretcher, and the heading course has closers placed in the usual manner. 1909Webster 251/3 English cross bond, called also cross bond, is a modification of English bond in which the stretcher courses break joints with each other. 1936Archit. Rev. LXXIX. 242/3 English Cross bond is a slight deviation from pure English bond, and has a header laid, as second brick from the angle, in each alternate stretcher course; the stretchers therefore ‘break-joint’, and there is a little more play in the pattern of the bond. 1964C. Dent Quantity Surveying by Computer v. 52 One brick wall in Flettons in English bond in cement mortar.
d. Electr. A metallic connection between conductors forming part of an electric circuit, as between the abutting or adjoining rails of an electric railway line.
1903[see bonder1 3]. 1904Westm. Gaz. 14 Dec. 10/2 To provide electric continuity [both] are connected together by flexible strips of copper called ‘bonds’.
e. Chem. = linkage. Also attrib.
1884Frankland & Japp Inorg. Chem. viii. 58 Each unit of atom-fixing power will be named a bond,—a term which involves no hypothesis as to the nature of the connexion. 1936Discovery Nov. 339/1 It is convenient in chemistry to show the linking between any two atoms by means of a line or lines, commonly called bonds. 1938Ann. Reg. 1937 346 The view [was] advanced that spontaneous mutations are mono-molecular reactions produced by thermal agitation when this oversteps the energy threshold of the chemical bonds. 1962S. Glasstone Textbk. Physical Chem. (ed. 2) viii. 588 The bond energy..is the average amount of energy required to dissociate bonds of the same type in 1 mole of a given compound.
IV.
14. Comb., as (sense 1) bond-led, bond-stript (stripped of bonds) adjs.; (sense 7) bond-friend; (sense 9) bond-creditor, bond-debt; (sense 10) bond-salesman; (sense 13) bond-piece; bond paper, a paper of superior manufacture used for bonds and other documents; also simply bond in some trade-names of writing paper; bond-stone = bonder; bond-timber (see quot.); bond washing (see quots.); hence bond washer. Also bond-holder. For bail-bond, bond of caution, corroboration, manrent, presentation, relief, settlement, etc., see under bail n.1 7, caution, corroboration, etc.
1710Lond. Gaz. No. 4701/3 The *Bond Creditors of Philip, late Earl of Pembroke..are desired..to bring their Bonds. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. 397 In order to strengthen a bond-creditor's security.
1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4343/8 The Bond-Creditors..are desired to meet the Administrator..to certifie their said *Bond Debts. 1858Ld. St. Leonards Handy Bk. Prop. Law xxiv. 186 Where an estate of a deceased debtor is liable to a bond debt, which binds the heir.
1860Rawlinson Herodotus vii. ccxxxvii. IV. 195, Speaking ill of Demaratus, who is my *bond-friend.
a1618Sylvester Du Bartas, Maidens Blush (1621) 843 The Father makes the Pile: Hereon he layes His *bond-led, blind-led Son.
a1877Knight Dict. Mech., *Bond-paper. 1909Buckeye Informer IX. 214/2 A small quantity of Japan dryer added to heavy black inks will accelerate their drying on linen and bond papers. 1952A. Christie Mrs. McGinty's Dead vii. 48 She stretched up to a top shelf for notepaper and envelopes... ‘Here you are, sir, that's a nice blue Bond, and envelopes to match.’
1862Smiles Engineers II. 29 The long pieces or stretchers were retained between the two headers or *bond-pieces.
1925F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gatsby (1926) iii. 68, I knew the other clerks and young *bond-salesmen by their first names.
1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. I. 98 *Bond-stones are stones placed with their greatest length going through the thickness of the wall.
1855Singleton Virgil I. 274 The other..Uplifted to the stars his *bond-stript hands.
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 219 *Bond-timbers, horizontal pieces, built in stone or brick walls, for strengthening them.
1785Burke Nab. Arcot's Debts Wks. IV. 233 So known and established a *bond-vendor, as the nabob of Arcot, one who keeps himself the largest bond warehouse in the world.
1959Times 8 Apr. 17/2 The *bond-washer would buy shares, notably gilt-edged bonds, cum dividend and sell them ex-dividend with the gross investor reclaiming the tax.
1937Economist 24 Apr. 220/1 The Chancellor proposes to abolish ‘*bondwashing’—a term used to describe operations by which the owner of securities sells them at a price which covers accrued dividend, and repurchases them ex dividend. 1966Ibid. 29 Jan. 439/2 Bond-washing also refers to the conversion of (taxable) dividend income into (tax-free) capital gains.
▪ II. bond, n.2 and a.|bɒnd|
Forms: 3–6 bonde, (5 bounde, 6 band(e, bund), 3– bond.
[Early ME. bonde:—OE. bonda, bunda husbandman, householder, husband, a. ON. bónde(-i), contr. of bóande, búande ‘occupier and tiller of the soil, peasant, husbandman; husband’, ppl. n. from búa, bóa to dwell, L. colĕre, and thus equivalent in sense and etymology to Ger. bauer. In Iceland the bónde was a peasant proprietor ‘including all owners of land from the petty freeholder to the franklin. In the more despotic Norway and Denmark, bóndi became a word of contempt, denoting the common low people; and in mod.Da. bönder means plebs. In the Icelandic Commonwealth the word has a good sense, and is often used of the foremost men..this notion of the word (a franklin) still prevails in the mind of Icelanders’ (Vigf.). In OE., bonda, bunda appears first in the Laws of Cnut, apparently in the same sense as in ON., and nearly, if not entirely, = OE. ceorl. When, through the effects of the Norman Conquest, the ceorl sank from the position of a free-man tilling his own land to that of a tenant bound to certain services to a lord (see Freeman Norm. Conq. V. 477), bonde became equivalent to ‘villain’, and so at length to ‘serf, slave’ (sense 3), and was thenceforth evidently associated with bond n.1 and bound. Hence the occas. variant bande: but bounde may represent the OE. variant bunda.]
A. n. Obs.
†1. Householder, master of the house; husband. (Only in OE.)
c1025Laws of Cnut pol. 8 (Bosw.) Swa ymbe friðes bote, swa ðam bondan [v.r. bundan] si selost. Ibid. pol. 70 And ᵹif se bonda [bunda] beclypod wære. Ibid. pol. 74 Ne mæᵹ nan wif hire bondan [bundan] forbeodan, ðæt he ne móte, etc. [the Latin versions have bonda i.e. paterfamilias.]
†2. Peasant, churl. Often used as a designation of rank or condition below burgess (and then also put collectively, or (?) as adjective).
c1205Lay. 15291 Þer wes of Salesburi an oht bonde [c 1275 Þar was a bond] icumen. c1275Passion of our Lord in O.E. Misc. 56 Heo..fullede kinges, eorles & bondes. c1350Will. Palerne 2128 Barouns, burgeys & bonde & alle oþer burnes. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 201 Trewe burgeis and bonde to naught hue bringeþ ofte. a1450Chester Pl. II. 187 When I soughte silver..Of baron, burges, or of bande.
†3. Base vassal, serf [transl. med.L. nativus]; one in bondage to a superior; a slave; also fig. (In late examples blending with the adjective use.)
c1320Sir Tristr. 971 To long ichaue ben hir bond. c1340Cursor M. 4188 Sel him forþ to yone chapmen..to be þair bonde [earlier MSS. thral] for euer-lastande. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xi. 263 A bastarde, a bounde, a begeneldes douhter. c1440Promp. Parv. 43 Bonde as a man or woman, servus serva. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 83 A mayde seruaunt, thrall and bonde. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 499 Tha war maid to be bondis and thrall. 1583T. Watson Poems (1870) 76, I liue her bond, which neither is my foe, Nor frend. 1618Bolton Florus (1636) 131 A very base fellow, unknown whether a free man, or a bond.
B. adj.
1. In a state of serfdom or slavery; not free; in bondage (to). Also fig. arch.
1330R. Brunne Chron. 171 Lered men & lay, fre & bond of toune. c1440Partonope 1497 The bonde kynred I made free. 1483Cath. Angl. 36 Bonde, natiuus, seruilis. 1526Tindale John viii. 33 And were never bonde to eny man. 1551–6Robinson tr. More's Utop. 125 He restoreth the bonde persone from seruitude to libertie. 1571R. Ascham Scholem. (1863) 70 Makyng them selves bonde to vanitie and vice. 1611Bible 1 Cor. xii. 13 Whether wee bee Iewes or Gentiles, whether wee bee bond or free. a1625Boys Wks. (1630) 115 Christ was made bond vnto the law, to redeeme them that were bound vnto the law. 1866Ferrier Grk. Philos. I. x. 240 Sensation..is bond, not free.
†2. Of or pertaining to slaves; servile, slavish.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vi. xi. (1495) 195 A seruyng woman of bonde condycion. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W.) 73 This feare is called the seruyle feare, or the bonde feare. a1567Coverdale Bk. Death ii. ii. 223 Is it not a bonde, gredy and voluptuous thinge to spoyle the deade coarse.
▪ III. ‖ bond, n.3
[Du. bond league, confederation (= Ger. bund), f. binden to bind.]
In reference to the Dutch-speaking population of South Africa: A league or confederation. Hence bondsmen.
1884Times 6 Mar. 7/6 The Afrikander Bond..was sending petitions that the Basutos should be handed back to the British Government. Ibid. The views of many members returned to parliament as Bondsmen. 1886Pall Mall G. 22 Apr. 3/1 Whether the continued affiliation of the Bond beyond the boundary of the colony was advisable.
▪ IV. bond, v.|bɒnd|
[f. bond n.1]
1. trans.
a. in Building: To bind or connect together (bricks, stones, or different parts of a structure) by making one overlap and hold to another, so as to give solidity to the whole; to hold or bind together by bond-stones, clamps, etc.
1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 260 Other Work adjoining, that should be bonded or worked up together with them. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §82 The blocks of stone could be bonded to the rock, and to one another. 1858Neale Bernard de M. 27 Thine ageless walls are bonded With amethyst unpriced. 1862Smiles Engineers II. 29 The best mode of bonding the blocks of stone to the rock.
b. To build up (coals, etc.) in a stack.
1865Times 30 May, Instructions..that the coals were to be ‘bonded’—i.e. built up by themselves.
2. intr. To hold together so as to give solidity.
1836Scenes Comm. by Land & S. 288 In building, the bricklayer takes care to lay the bricks in a certain manner, to make them bond.
3. trans. To encumber with bonded debt; to mortgage.
1883Harper's Mag. Nov. 938/1 They said the road..was too heavily bonded.
4. To put into bond (see bond n.1 12).[See bonded ppl. a. 2.] 5. To subject to bondage.
1835Marryat Olla Podr. xxiv, His wife..will be bonded in the same manner.
6. Electr. To connect with an electrical bond. (See bond n.1 13 d.)
1904Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Apr. 287 My experience in bonding rails is that [etc.]. 1908Installation News II. 103/2 Care should be taken to maintain the continuity of the run..by means of bonding round the block with a piece of copper wire.
Add:[1.] c. To bind (contiguous surfaces or layers, esp. of different fabrics or clothing materials) together with an adhesive or by fusing; to cause (a surface or layer) to bind with or adhere to another surface or layer throughout its extent. Usu. in pass. Cf. bind v. 10 a.
1933Trans. Amer. Soc. Mech. Engin. LV. WDI. 21/2 This moisture content will be that which obtained in the panel at the moment the various plies were bonded together. 1945H. Barron Mod. Plastics xi. 250 The laminations are not so tightly bonded together as in the case of high pressure laminates. 1964[see fibrid n.]. 1965Sunday Mail (Brisbane) 24 Oct. 24 The crepe, bonded to a slightly stiff, fine net-like fabric, is heavier and stiffer than normal crepe. 1983J. S. Foster Structure & Fabric (rev. ed.) I. iv. 76/2 The wide stiff edge beam..is bonded to the slab.
d. To endow with rigidity, stiffness, or structural stability by the addition of a solidifying or viscous matrix, esp. a resin; to set or fix in such a matrix. Freq. const. with.
1955Times 6 July 13/1 Structural plastics consist of a reinforcing agent, such as glass fibre, bonded with a synthetic resin. 1966[see montmorillonite n.]. 1978J. Miller Body in Question (1982) iii. 140 The substances from which a marble statue is made are stably bonded together, so that the object retains not only its shape but its original material.
[6.] b. Chem. To connect with a chemical bond (bond n.1 13 e). Also intr. for pass.
1923[implied in *bonding ppl. a.]. 1939L. Pauling Nature Chem. Bond i. 32 Other factors..provide a more serious limitation with respect to the number of atoms which can be bonded to a central atom. 1952L. N. Ferguson Electron Struct. Organic Molecules ii. 14 Since an s orbital is spherical, it can overlap another orbital equally in all directions and the tendency to bond is equal in all directions. 1984E. P. DeGarmo et al. Materials & Processes in Manuf. (ed. 6) iii. 64 Atoms..are usually linked or bonded to other atoms in some manner as a result of interatomic forces.
7. a. Anthropol. To link (a person) to another person with an emotional or psychological bond; to bind (a group of people) together psychologically. Also transf. Cf. bind v. 21, *bonding vbl. n. 4.
1965[implied in *bonding vbl. n. 4]. 1967D. Morris Naked Ape 38 It meant that the females remained bonded to their individual males and faithful to them while they were away on the hunt. 1984E. Jong Parachutes & Kisses vii. 121 The animals bonded them; Josh and Isadora spoke a whole secret language about the dogs.
b. intr. for pass. To form an emotional or psychological bond with a person (esp. one's child) or social group.
1976Time 27 Sept. 81/2 You bonded with a team, and it became part of you. 1983Times 26 Mar. 8/7, I..saw a midwife get a prize for spouting out some stuff about being careful to watch whether mothers were ‘bonding’ with their children. 1985A. Tyler Accidental Tourist xviii. 293 She and her husband need to bond with the baby. 1987Church Times 27 Mar. 5/1 If a mother has the ‘right’ to procreate a child, hasn't she the ‘right’ to bond with it and call it hers?
▪ V. bond(e
obs. form of bound; obs. pa. tense bind v. |