| 释义 |
bolus|ˈbəʊləs|
Pl. boluses: 7 bolus, 7–8 bolus's, 8–9 bolusses.
[a. mod.L. bōlus, a. Gr. βῶλος clod, lump of earth.]
1. Med.
a. A medicine of round shape adapted for swallowing, larger than an ordinary pill. (Often used somewhat contemptuously.)
1603Florio Montaigne (1634) 554, I will not have a Bolus, or a glister. 1681tr. Willis' Rem, Med. Wks. Voc., Bolus, is a medicine made up into a thick substance to be swallow'd not liquid, but taken on a knives point. 1751Shenstone Wks. & Lett. III. 178, I have been taking saline draughts and bolus's. 1832A. M. Porter Hungar. Bro. v. 53 Physic him to death with pills and boluses.
fig.1637Earl of Monmouth Malvezzi's Romvlvs 229 Cruell actions are so many bolus, which are never better taken than when wrapt up in gold. 1780Cowper Lett. 3 May, Swallowing such boluses as I send you. 1878Black Green Past. iii. 23 Resolved not to swallow your Home Rule bolus.
b. A single dose of a drug, contrast medium, etc., introduced rapidly into a blood-vessel.
1967Jrnl. Appl. Physiol. XXII. 497/2 A single bolus of 1.5–2.5µc 84RbCl was injected rapidly into the superior vena cava. 1977Lancet 20 Aug. 376/1 sGaw [sc. specific airways conductance] was measured 5 min after intravenous salbutamol sulphate (25 µg boluses) up to a cumulative dose of 300 µg. 1980Brit. Med. Jrnl. 29 Mar. 922/2 All treatment was stopped and a bolus of 10ml of 10% calcium gluconate given.
2. A small rounded mass of any substance.
1782A. Monro Compar. Anat. (ed. 3) 23 The bolus would be in danger of falling out of the mouth. 1835T. Hook G. Gurney (1850) I. i. 3 A round mirror, encircled with gilt boluses. 1867F. Francis Angling i. (1880) 9 A barley-meal bolus is the bait for roach. 1881Sat. Rev. No. 1320, 206 One leaden bolus of the old ounce-of-lead pattern.
3. A kind of clay; = bole2 1.
1682Grew Anat. Plants 242 Bolus's are the Beds, or as it were, the Materia prima, both of opacous Stones, and Metals. 1863Baring-Gould Iceland xii. 210 The soil is composed of soft bolus full of splinters of trachyte.
Hence bolus-ways, -wise, adv., as a bolus.
1689Moyle Sea Chyrurg. Pref., If the Patient cannot take a Medecine in one form (as Bolus-waies). |