| 释义 |
connote, v.|kəˈnəʊt|
[ad. med.L. connotā-re to mark along with, to mark (a thing) with or in addition to (another), f. L. con- together with + notāre to mark, to note.
The Latin word was in common use in mediæval logic: app. first, according to Prantl, in Duns Scotus, and frequently in Occam, and so onwards in the terminology of the schools; thence it passed into English literary use; but its use as an English technical term of logic is recent, and due to Jas. and J. S. Mill.
a1300Duns Scotus (in Prantl III. 134, note 598) Tam secundum significatum quam secundum connotatum. a1347Occam (ibid. 364 n. 829), Quaedam sunt synonyma, quia simpliciter idem significant et connotant. 1657Heerebord Ἑρµηνεία Logica (1680) 151 Ideoque [vox concreta] illud consignificat seu connotat; ut justus significat justitiam, sed quae concernit et connotat hominem in quo est. ]
1. trans. To signify secondarily or in addition; to include or imply along with the primary or essential meaning.
1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 271 Ὁ ὄϕις ὁ ἀρχαῖος connoting the Roman Empire as well as the Devil. 1693South Serm. (1717) III. 434 Good..over and above the bare Being of a Thing, Connotes also a certain sutableness or agreeableness of it to some other thing. 1872M. Pattison Ess. (1889) II. 389 Deism..connotes along with natural religion a negation of the truth or reality of the Christian revelation.
2. Of things or facts: To imply or involve as a consequence, condition, or accompaniment.
a1655Vines Lord's Supp. (1677) 160 A practical remembrance which connotes affections fruitful effect. a1677Barrow Serm. (1810) I. 128 This faith doth not only denote precisely..such opinions and persuasions..but doth also connote and imply such acts of will, as..are naturally consequent upon them. 1757Wesley Wks. (1872) IX. 243 But ‘punishment always connotes guilt’. It always connotes sin and suffering; and here are both. 1867Sat. Rev. 7 Dec. 719/1 A luxury which connotes a high condition of intellect and character, but still a luxury. 1878Huxley Physiogr. xxi. 376 The descent of snow in one place connotes the evaporation of water in another locality.
†3. To combine in signifying (something); to mean in combination. Obs.
1786H. Tooke Purley (1798) I. 305 The cypher, which has no value of itself, and only serves (if I may use the language of Grammarians) to connote and consignify, and to change the value of figures. 1805Ibid. (1815) II. 437 Some Grammarians have said that an Adjective only connotes, and means nothing by itself.
4. Logic. (Of a term.)
†a. With the earlier logicians: To imply or indicate the subject in which an attribute inheres, while primarily signifying or ‘noting’ the attribute itself. Obs.
b. With J. S. Mill: To imply or indicate the attributes involved, while denoting (or being predicated of) the subject.
As to the change of use, see note to connotative term, and cf. quot. 1829 with Heerebord above.
1829Jas. Mill Hum. Mind (1878) I. i. §5. 34 note, White, in the phrase white horse, denotes two things, the colour and the horse; but it denotes the colour primarily, the horse secondarily. We shall find it very convenient to say..that it notes the primary, connotes the secondary signification. 1846J. S. Mill Logic i. ii. §5 The word white, denotes all white things, as snow, paper, the foam of the sea, etc., and implies, or as it was termed by the schoolmen, connotes, the attribute of whiteness. Ibid., The name..is said to signify the subjects directly, the attributes indirectly; it denotes the subjects, and implies, or involves, or indicates, or as we shall say henceforth, connotes, the attributes. It is a connotative name. Ibid., Whenever the names given to objects convey any information, that is, whenever they have properly any meaning, the meaning resides not in what they denote, but in what they connote. 1887Fowler Deduct. Logic ii. 19 A term may be said to denote or designate individuals, to connote or mean attributes or groups of attributes.
c. Hence, in general, non-technical use: To imply, include in its signification, convey to the mind or mean in actual use and application. (Often loosely used.)
1865Kingsley Lett. (1878) II. 216 A man may believe the facts which the doctrine connotes without believing the doctrine. 1867Lewes Hist. Philos. I. Introd. 64 The terms ‘three and three’ and ‘six’ denote the same relations, connote different ideas. 1871Farrar Witn. Hist. iv. 148 It is Christianity alone which breathed into it all that it connotes. 1875Poste Gaius, i. (ed. 2) 45 Characters which the name is not intended to connote. 1879Farrar St. Paul I. 431 The word [Council] connotes a totally different order of conceptions to those that were prevalent at that early time.
Hence connoted ppl. a.
1829Jas. Mill Hum. Mind (1878) I. ix. 300 It is often highly convenient to drop the connotation; that is, to leave out the connoted cluster. |