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▪ I. bolster, n.1|ˈbəʊlstə(r)|
Forms: 2–5 bolstre, 5 bolstyr(e, (6 bolstarre, boylster), 6–8 boulster, 1, 5– bolster; Sc. 5 bowstowre, 6– bowster.
[Com. Teut.: OE. bolster = MDu. and Du. bolster, OHG. bolstar (MHG. bolster, mod.G. polster). OE. bolster is cogn. w. ON. bolstr (Sw. bolster ‘bed’, Da. bolster ‘bed-ticking’):—OTeut. *bolstro-z, f. OTeut. root *bū̆l to swell, the causal of which is found in Goth. ufbauljan to puff up.]
1. a. A long stuffed pillow or cushion used to support the sleeper's head in a bed; the name is now restricted to the under-pillow, stuffed with something firm, which extends from side to side, and on which the softer and flatter pillows are laid.
a1000Beowulf 2484 Beddum and bolstrum. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 139 He..ches..bare eorðe to bedde . and hard ston to bolstre. c1425Leg. Rood (1871) 210 With hym on bedde, man, þou sat On þe bolstre of heuene blisse. 1444Test. Ebor. (1855) II. 100 Lectum plumarem cum le bolster. 1479Will Walt. Paston in Lett. III. 249 Unum pulvinar vocatum le bolstar. 1494Act 11 Hen. VII, xix, Feather-beds, Bolsters, and Pillows. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 445 But bed or bowster to lig on the stro. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iv. i. 204 Heere Ile fling the pillow, there the boulster. 1611Bible 1 Sam. xix. 13 And Michal..put a pillow of goats haire for his bolster. 1640R. Brathwait (title) Art asleepe Husband? a Boulster Lecture; stored with witty Jests. 1688Lond. Gaz. 22 Oct./2 The said Deponent stood at the Queens Bolster. 1837Howitt Rur. Life iii. iii. (1862) 246 Propped up in bed with bolsters and pillows.
b. A cushion or pad for leaning or sitting upon, etc.
c1275Death 90 in O.E. Misc. 174 Neaver sitten on bolstre ne on benche. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 29 Furnished all round with Bolsters for leaning upon.
2. Applied to various things of the nature of a pad, used to obviate friction or chafing, or pad out hollows or deficiencies, etc.
†a. A surgical pad or compress to support or protect any injured part of the body. Obs.
1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., Wherfore serueth the bolsters?..To stay and conpryme the places dissolued. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 327 Bolster the tent with a bolster of flax. 1758Layard in Phil. Trans. L. 749 He applied bolsters dipped in warm red wine and water. 1813J. Thomson Lect. Inflammation 299 Application of bolsters or pads of lint..to prevent the matter exuding.
†b. A pad worn by porters. Obs.
1552Huloet, Bolsters whyche bearers of burdens, as porters do weare for freatynge. 1580Baret Alv. B 905.
†c. A ridge of padding on a saddle. Obs.
1592Greene Art Conny catch. ii. 5 His sadle..hath cantle and bolsters. 1611Cotgr., Batte, the boulster of a Saddle. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Bolsters of a saddle..those parts which are raised on the bows, both before and behind, to rest the rider's thighs..Common saddles have no bolsters behind or even before.
†d. A padding in a garment used to fill up or round out some part. Obs.
1600Rowland Lett. Humours Blood vii. 83 A boulster for their Buttockes, and such stuffe. 1731Swift Nymph going to Bed Wks. 1755 IV. i. 147 Off she slips The bolsters, that supply her hips. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., By a constitution, the clergy are forbidden to wear bolsters about their shoulders, in their gowns, coats, or doublets.
e. Naut. in pl. ‘Small cushions or bags of tarred canvas, used to preserve the stays from being chafed by the motion of the masts.’ Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. Also pieces of timber fixed in various positions to prevent chafing between ropes and other parts of the ship.
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789) Bolsters..are used to preserve the stays from being chafed or galled by the motion of the masts. c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 99 Bolsters for the Anchor Lining are solid pieces of oak, bolted to the ship's side..Bolsters for Sheets, Tacks, &c. are small pieces of fir or oak fayed under the gunwale, &c., with the outer surface rounded to prevent the sheets and other rigging from chafing. c1860H. Stuart Seaman's Catech. 76 The bolsters are bolted above the trussletrees.
f. A pad or cushion employed to deaden noise in pianofortes.
3. Applied to various parts of mechanism which form a solid support or base, on which other parts rest or exert pressure.
†a. Some part of a plough. Obs.
1523Fitzherb. Husb. §4 But their most speciall temper is at the bolster, where as the plough beame lyeth. 1733J. Tull Horse-hoeing Husb. xxi. 145 Sometimes we use a Piece of Shoe-Leather instead of an iron bolster.
†b. A support for a bee-hive. Obs.
1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. v. (1623) K ij, Reare the full Hiue with three Bolsters, two on the West side, and one on the East, some foure or fiue inches high. Ibid. (1634) 47 Also rear the swarms, that being under-hived do lie forth, with a Skirt or Bolsters of that thickness, that may but let in the Bees.
c. The bearing for a water wheel shaft. dial.
1671Phil. Trans. VI. 2108 A great beam, turned by an over-shoot-water-wheel on 2 boulsters.
d. A block of wood fixed on a siege-gun carriage, on which the breech rests during transport.
e. The transverse bar over the axle of a wagon, which supports the bed, and raises it from the axle. Also, the principal cross-beam of a railway truck or carriage body.
1686Holme Armory iii. viii. §49 The Bolster is that on which the fore-wheels with the axle-tree turn in wheeling the waggon on a cross Road. 1834Brit. Husb. I. 158 The shafts of the cart rest on the bolster of the waggon-wheels, to which they are secured; and a long copse, or fore-ladder resting also upon the bolster, projects over the shaft-horse.
f. The part of the pier or abutment on which a truss-bridge rests.
g. The spindle-bearing in the rail of a spinning-frame.
1825Specif. of Andrew's Patent No. 5079 From the top of the spindle to the first bearing, which is denominated a bolster, is about 7 inches. 1873Leigh Cotton Spin. 219 The theory of the bolster rail lift is very plausible.
h. A horizontal cap-piece laid upon the top of a post or pillar, to shorten the bearing of the beam of a string-piece supported by it.
i. In the centering of an arch, each of the transverse pieces which lie across the ribs and support the voussoirs of the arch.
j. The plate or block in a punching-machine on which the metal to be punched is laid, and which is perforated or excavated to fit the punch.
1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. (1703) 11 Your Punch will print a bunching mark upon the hole of a Bolster, that is, a thick Iron with a hole in it. 1790Specif. of Clifford's Patent No. 1785 The nails are to be cut..by means of a punch..having a hollow boulster (commonly called a bed) the hollow and aperture of which must also be made to the size and form of the nail. 1856Holtzapffell Turning II. 929 Punches..used in combination with bolsters.
4. Applied to various things of the nature of a supporting or strengthening ridge.
a. The projecting ‘shoulder’ of a knife, chisel, etc., where the blade is inserted into the handle.
1827Specif. of Smith's Patent No. 5470 To form the blade and bolster and tang at one and the same operation. 1831J. Holland Manuf. Metals I. 291 The bolster, or that prominent part of a common table knife which abuts upon the handle.
b. The metallic plate on the end of the handle of a pocket-knife.
c. A raised ridge on the wrestplank of a piano to give bearing to the strings by raising them.
5. Arch. One of the rolls forming the sides of an Ionic capital; = baluster 5.
1876Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Bolster or Pillow, the baluster part of the Ionic capital on the return side.
6. Comb., as bolster-piece; bolster-shaped adj.; bolster collar, a bolster-shaped collar of a woman's coat or cloak.
1860R. S. Burn Handbk. Mech. Arts (ed. 2) 197 Where the tie-rods..join the ring at the angles, bolster-pieces are inserted, against which the nuts are screwed hard up. 1900Westm. Gaz. 16 May 2/1 The bolster-shaped kit bag. 1904Windsor Mag. Jan. 238/2 Long bolster-shaped sweets. 1923Daily Mail 19 June 1 New short coat..with smart finely pleated bolster collar.
▪ II. bolster, n.2|ˈbəʊlstə(r)|
[? cf. boaster2.]
A type of chisel used by bricklayers for cutting bricks.
1908C. F. Mitchell Brickwork & Masonry (ed. 2) ii. 96 Brick-Cutting Tools..The club hammer and bolster, for cutting with greater exactitude than with the trowel. 1924H. L. Briggs Pract. Bricklaying iv. 39 For finer work the brick-cutting chisel, or ‘set’ or ‘bolster’, as it is usually called, is used. 1936Archit. Rev. LXXIX. 240/4 (caption) The bolster, a long-edged, cold chisel used for cutting bricks and also for cleaning joints.
▪ III. bolster, v.|ˈbəʊlstə(r)|
Also 6 Sc. bowster, 6–8 boulster, 7 bowlster.
[f. bolster n.1]
1. trans. To support with a bolster. (Usually in pa. pple.)
1610P. Barrough Meth. Physick iii. ix. (1639) 113 Let your head be bolstered up high. 1791E. Darwin Bot. Gard. ii. 77 Bolster'd with down, amid a thousand wants. 1873Black Pr. Thule xx. 328 She was bolstered up in bed.
†2. transf. To support, prop up. Obs.
1567J. Studley Seneca's Hippolytus (1581) 61 Thunderpropping brawny shoulderd sier, That heaued and bolstred up the Welkin throne. 1615Crooke Body of Man 118 Vnder the beginning of the duodenum is the Pancræas placed..to boulster them vp.
3. fig. To prop up, support, uphold. Also with up. In later use usually with some approach to c.
1508Fisher Wks. (1876) 175 Suche maner stronge and constaunt people dooth bolster and holde up bothe themselfe and other in crystes chyrche, they be lyke vnto pyllers. 1548Hall Chron. (1809) 432 To upholde, fortefye and bolster the enterpryce. 1591Troubl. Raigne K. John (1611) 46 Arthur thou seest, Fraunce cannot bolster thee.
1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 512 Bolstering up one another by reflexion upon their numerosity. 1813T. Jefferson Corr. (1830) 185 To bolster themselves up on the revered name of that first of our worthies.
b. To uphold or bear out (evil doers, illegal action, crime, or error); to aid and abet, to countenance. Also with out (obs.) and up.
1523[cf. bolsterer]. 1549[cf. bolstering vbl. n.] 1583Fulke Defence ii. 177 You frame your translations to bolster your errors and heresies. 1612T. James Jesuits' Downf. 29 They haue bolstred, banded, bearded, and borne out many foule matters. 1821Hone Facetiæ 18 There is..not a public job that he has not bolstered; not a public knave that he has not shielded.
1530Proper Dyaloge (1863) 3 Which..They bolstred out vnder abusyon. 1586J. Ferne Blaz. Gentrie ii. 118 He bolstered out a murtherer in acquiting the murtherer by vnlawful means. 1654E. Johnson Wond.-wrkg. Provid. 65 Yet were they boulstered out in this their wicked act by those who set them one worke.
1561T. Norton Calvin's Inst. iv. viii. (1634) 568 marg. To bolster up a most unlawfull power in the Church. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus ii. 12 (1619) 477 Can bolster vp their friends, children, and seruants in things worthie punishment. 1640Bp. Hall Episc. ii. xviii. 193 Would in their very offices bolster up the pride of Antichrist. 1830Arnold Let. in Life & Corr. (1844) I. vi. 285, I want to get up a real Poor Man's Magazine, which should not bolster up abuses and veil iniquities.
c. Now usually (with some mixture of sense 4): To give fictitious support to (a thing unable to stand of itself). Commonly with up, rarely out.
1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 447 Wherewith they may bolster upp not their credytt, but their false packyng. 1635Swan Spec. M. i. §3 (1643) 18 These things have..been boulstered out by Rabbinical traditions. 1641Milton Ch. Discip. ii. Wks. (1851) 38 Bolstering, and supporting their inward rottenes by a carnal and outward strength. 1804Wellington in Gurw. Disp. III. 275, I have done every thing in my power to bolster up the credit of the government. 1868M. Pattison Academ. Org. §4. 81 What we..teach requires to be bolstered up by bounties to the taught.
4. To pad, furnish, or stuff out with padding; to puff. Also with out, up.
1530[cf. bolstering vbl. n. 2]. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 217 That breeche was bolstred so with such brode barres. 1576Gascoigne Steele Gl. Epil., They bumbast, bolster, frisle, and perfume. 1609Man in Moone (1849) 35 A white necke, if it be not plastered; a straight backe, if it be not bolstered. 1710Steele Tatler No. 245 ⁋2 Three Pair of Stays, boulstered below the Left Shoulder. 1847L. Hunt Men, Wom. & Bks. I. xiv. 277 For a lady to look like an hour-glass, or a huge insect, or anything else cut in two, and bolstered out at head and feet.
b. fig.
1568Sempill Ballates (1873) 232 Bowstert with pryd. 1616Manifest. Abp. Spalato's Motives 31 Their Reuenues are great, and boulstered out with secular dignities. 1826Scott Woodst. iii, Whose sermons were all bolstered up with..Greek and Latin.
†5. spec. in Surg. To furnish with a pad or compress. Also fig. Obs.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 322 It will..not only require more business in bolstering it, but also put the Horse to more pain. 1649G. Daniel Trinarch., Rich. II, 332 Thus Broken Hearts Are bolstred vp, and none can tell their Smarts. 1766Sharp Fractures in Phil. Trans. LVII. 84 With the common wooden splints (properly bolstered).
6. ? intr. To lie on the same bolster.
1604Shakes. Oth. iii. iii. 399 If euer mortall eyes do see them boulster, More then their owne.
7. trans. (among schoolboys): To belabour with bolsters. Cf. pillow-fight.
1871A. R. Hope Schoolboy Friends (1875) 287 And then they bolstered us.
†8. To pervert, abuse, or ? suspend (laws). Obs.
1494Fabyan vii. 646 [They reported] how the lawes be delayed & bolstred by suche as stande in his fauoure. 1538Starkey England ii. iv. §26 Materys are so borne and bolsteryd that justyce can not haue place wyth indyfferency. |