| 释义 |
blow-out
[blow- 1.]
1. An outbreak of anger; a quarrel, disturbance, row. dial. and U.S.
1825J. K. Paulding John Bull in Amer. 137 We had a blow out here last Sunday, and half a dozen troublesome fellows..were done for by the brave rowdies. 1826Scott in Lockhart (1839) IX. 44 At dinner we had a little *blow-out on Sophia's part. 1842Spirit of Times (Philad.) 15 Feb. (Th.), I've had five breezes, seven blow-outs, nine shindies, and a dozen ructions on this $1 Relief note.
2. A dinner, supper, or other entertainment for which an abundant supply of food and drink is provided or at which it is consumed; a ‘feast’ or ‘feed’. colloq.
1824Scott St. Ronan's xxxiii, ‘She sent me a card for her blow-out,’ said Mowbray, ‘and so I am resolved to go.’ 1840R. Dana Bef. Mast xxvi. 87 They had a grand blow-out, and..drank in the forecastle, a barrel of gin. 1856F. Paget Owlet of Owlst. 174 Such a jolly blow-out as there was when the Bishop was here. 1930R. Lehmann Note in Music vii. 264 Have a nice blowout and a good sleep afterwards. 1966‘J. Hackston’ Father clears Out 172 Saint's menu in between such blood-building blowouts was rabbit, with pollard as a savoury.
3. a. Mining. A portion of a lode where the mineral appears to have been dislodged by some eruptive force. Also fig. U.S.
1873J. H. Beadle Undevel. West xviii. 333 All the strange terms in mining parlance: ‘true lodes,..blow-outs’. 1901S. E. White Westerners xxiii. 214 He saw that..a third [claim]..gave indications of being nothing but a blow-out.
b. A butte, the top of which has been blown out by the wind until it resembles the crater of a volcano; a hollow in an area of shifting sand, or light soil, caused by the action of the wind. orig. U.S. Also spec. a water-hole (see quot. 1935).
1893Smith & Pound in Bot. Surv. Nebraska II. 8 If a spot on a dry hill becomes bare, the loose sand is blown away, a small hollow is made... Such blow outs were seen 100 surrounding meters in diameter and 15..meters deep. 1895P. A. Rydberg in U.S. Nat. Herb. Contributions III. 135 It sometimes happens that settlers [in the sand-hill region] a few years after breaking their land find a field transformed into a big blowout. 1897Pound & Clements Phytogeogr. Nebraska (1898) 248 A small number of these grasses are especially adapted to these localities and are uniformly to be found in such blow outs... These grasses mark a second formation, which may be called the blow out formation. Ibid., The blow out grasses..bind the sand together with their roots. 1911F. O. Bower Plant Life ix. 151 Close by an effete Dune with its grasses weakened in growth is being attacked by the wind, and eroded into hollows or ‘Blow-outs’. 1935Discovery Dec. 359/2 ‘Blow outs’, i.e. dried up water holes, from which the wind has eroded the sands.
4. A burst in a pneumatic rubber tyre caused by air-pressure from the inside. Also fig.
1908Westm. Gaz. 7 Jan. 4/1 Miraculum will not seal a blow-out. 1915Lit. Digest (N.Y.) 21 Aug. 387/1 The Goodyear Cord Tires, without a blow-out, took the car back to Detroit. Ibid. 4 Sept. 482/1 (Advt.), No domestic punctures or blow-outs—just easy running over smooth roads to Health and Happiness. 1967I. Hamilton Man with Brown Paper Face vii. 94 This road..safe enough if you don't have a blow-out.
5. Electr. The suppression of an arc in an electric circuit; a device for producing this. Also attrib.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 97/2 A magnetic blow-out is simply a small magnet so arranged that the arc caused by breaking the circuit takes place in the magnetic field. 1916Standardization Rules of Amer. Inst. Electr. Engin. 28 June §731 Fuses of the magnetic blow-out type. 1930Engineering 7 Feb. 173/3 Anything which tends to produce sudden speed-changes, such as..magnetic blow outs.
6. A rapid, uncontrolled uprush of fluid from an oil well. Freq. attrib. in blow-out preventer, a heavy valve or assembly (‘stack’) of valves usu. fitted at the top of a hole during drilling and closed in the event of a blow-out to control the flow.
1916A. B. Thompson Oil-Field Devel. vii. 367 An apparatus which is largely employed with rotaries is what is called a ‘Blow-out Preventer’. Ibid. x. 457 Heavy mud mixtures are an additional safeguard against ‘blow-outs’. 1932Amer. Speech VII. 264 Blow-out, the violent and uncontrolled outburst of gas under high pressure, or of such gas accompanied by oil. 1966Petroleum Handbk. (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) (ed. 5) 38/1 A system of control equipment..installed at the well head..termed the ‘blow-out preventer stack’ can close off the annulus between drill pipe and casing within 15 seconds..and can hold pressure up to 5000 lb/in2. 1968Daily Tel. 16 Nov. 1 Lifeboats saved 47 men from the gale-lashed North Sea after a ‘blow out’ on a gas-drilling platform. Ibid. 22/5 ‘The well blew out.’..A blow-out happens when gas rushes up the bore-hole at about 4,000 lb a square inch making it uncontrollable. 1984A. C. & A. Duxbury Introd. World's Oceans xi. 365 This transport process exposes the world's coasts and estuaries to the hazard of oil spills... The drilling of offshore wells exposes these areas to the risks of blowouts. 1986New Yorker 27 Jan. 69/2 The disaster occurred in the space of five minutes, between the removal of the Christmas tree and the repositioning of the blowout preventer. |