| 释义 |
Sanskrit, Sanscrit, n. and a.|ˈsænskrɪt|
Forms: 7 (Samescretan), Sanscreet, 8 Shanscrit(t)a, -krit, -chrite, -creet, -kreet, Sansskirrit, Samscred, Hanscrit, 8–9 Shan-, Sham-, Sanscrit, 9 Sung-, Sangskrit, 8– Sanskrit.
[ad. Skr. saṃskṛta (neut. saṃskṛtam) put together, well-formed, highly wrought, perfected, f. sam- together (related to sama: see same a.) + kṛ to make, do, perform. Cf. F. Sanscrit.
The 18th c. form Hanscrit, which occurs also in Fr. at the same period, has not been satisfactorily explained.]
A. n. The ancient and sacred language of India, the oldest known member of the Indo-European family, in which the extensive Hindu literature from the Vedas downward is composed. In a narrower sense, the ‘classical Sanskrit’ (opposed to the ‘Epic’ and ‘Vedic’), the grammar of which was fixed by Pāṇini (? 4th c. b.c.).
1617Purchas Pilgrimage v. xi. 636 The Iesuites conceiue that these Bramenes are of the dispersion of the Israelites, and their bookes (called Samescretan) doe somewhat agree with the Scriptures. 1696J. Ovington Voy. Surat 248 It is the Learned Language among them [sc. the Bramins], called the Sanscreet. 1760J. H. Grose Voy. E. Indies I. 202 (Y.) They have a learned language peculiar to themselves, called the Hanscrit. 1770Phil. Trans. LX. 448 Their language is the Nagri..more ancient than even the Shanscritta. 1785C. Wilkins (title) The Bhăgvăt-Gēētā,..translated from the original, in the Sănskrĕĕt, or ancient language of the Brāhmăns. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) VIII. 518/2 The language called Shanscrit or Sanscrit. 1801H. Lebedeff Gramm. E. Ind. Dial. Pref. p. ix, The alphabetical characters of the Shamscrit. 1841Elphinstone Hist. Ind. I. iii. v. 277 There are, in Shanscrit, treatises on rhetoric and composition. 1876Whitney Lang. & Study vi. 225 We possess it in two some⁓what varying forms, the classical Sanskrit, and the older idiom of the so-called Vedas.
¶ In corrupt form Sanscript used for ‘Sanskrit writings’.
1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 161 Who founded these, their Annals nor their Sanscript deliver not.
b. attrib. and Comb.
1794[Mathias] Purs. Lit. (ed. 6) 286 With Jones, a linguist, Sanskrit, Greek, or Manks. 1831B. E. P[ote] Assassins of Parad. 98 Explained by a Shanscrit Authority. 1841Penny Cycl. XX. 404/1 A. W. von Schlegel and Lassen have founded in Bonn a Sanscrit school. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 578 The institution of a Sanscrit college in Calcutta for the tuition of Brahmans. 1874L. J. Trotter Hist. India i. iii. 25 Sanskrit-speaking Hindus.
B. adj. Of, belonging to, or written in Sanskrit.
1773Gentl. Mag. XLIII. 498 The loss of the Sans-skirrit language, and the confinement of it to the priesthood. 1798Phil. Trans. LXXXVIII. 582 The Sanscrita words are spelt according to the method practised by Sir William Jones. 1800Asiat. Ann. Reg. V. 44/1 The Samscred language. 1804W. Carey Gram. Skr. Lang. 35 There are six Declensions of Sungskrit Nouns. 1842Prichard Nat. Hist. Man 164 They retain very few vestiges of their Indian original, except their Sanskrit speech. 1876Whitney Lang. & Study vi. 225 The Prakrit dialects are chiefly preserved in the Sanskrit dramas. |