| 释义 |
sanitary, a.|ˈsænɪtərɪ|
Also erron. sanitory.
[ad. f. sanitaire (1812 in Hatz.-Darm.), as if ad. mod.L. *sānitārius, f. L. sānitās health: see sanity and -ary2.]
1. a. Of or pertaining to the conditions affecting health, esp. with reference to cleanliness and precautions against infection and other deleterious influences; pertaining to or concerned with sanitation. Also occas. of conditions or surroundings: Free from deleterious influences. Also sanitary reform, sanitary reformer.
sanitary cordon: see cordon 4.
1842(title) Report on the Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population of Great Britain. 1849Act 11 & 12 Vict. c. 63 §1 Provision..for improving the Sanitary condition of Towns and populous places. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 427 It may well be..that sanitary police and medical discoveries may have added several more years to the average length of human life. 1850C. Kingsley Alton Locke I. i. 4 A sanitary reformer would not be long in guessing the cause of my unhealthiness. 1857― Two Years Ago II. iv. 68 Sanitary reform is thrust out of sight, simply because its necessity is too humiliating to the pride of all. 1875Helps Soc. Press. iii. 38 A committee of persons was formed, who were supposed to have some skill in sanitary science. 1875Act 38 & 39 Vict. c. 55 §5 Urban sanitary authorities and rural sanitary authorities..invested with the powers in this Act mentioned. 1883Encycl. Brit. XV. 798/1 The want of constant supervision of the slaughter-houses is thought..to be a serious defect in the sanitary law of the country. 1884Times 4 Oct. 4/5 Dr Jaeger's sanitary woollen system has been adopted by some of our most eminent sanitary reformers. 1966N. Longmate King Cholera xi. 112 The sanitary reformer triumphed over the cleric: the churches were shut for one whole Sunday. 1974H. R. F. Keating Underside iv. 41 There's an immense amount to be done in sanitary reform.
b. Used as the distinctive epithet of appliances specially contrived with a view to sanitary requirements; e.g. of certain makes of wall-paper, of glazed tiles for flooring and walls, of non-absorbent pipes for drainage; and the like.
1862Catal. Internat. Exhib. II. x. 27 Flanged and unflanged sanitary tubes, from four to twelve inches in diameter. 1872Crookes Wagner's Handbk. Chem. Technol. 321 Sanitary ware is one of the largest branches of stoneware manufacture. 1877T. L. Nichols Herald of Health Almanack 21 (Advt.), O for the muse of Dryden, or of Pope To hymn thy praises, Sanitary Soap! 1884A. Watt Soap-making xii. 112 Chloridised Sanitary Soap. 1934A. Huxley Beyond Mexique Bay 2 The last word in cocktail bars and peach-pink sanitary fittings. 1940Chambers's Techn. Dict. 740/1 Sanitary ware,..glazed earthenware used for some sanitary fittings. 1977Times 30 July 10/4 Plain colours..in bath and sanitary ware.
2. Intended or tending to promote health.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxxiv. (1856) 298 All hands went out for a sanitary game of romps in the cold light. 1861Trollope Orley F. (1862) I. xxxi. 229 The judge, though he rode everyday on sanitary considerations, had not a sportsman's celerity in leaving and recovering his saddle. 1870Lowell Study Wind. (1871) 154 Solitary communion with Nature does not seem to have been sanitary or sweetening in its influence on Thoreau's character. 1872Fiske Myths & Myth-Makers ii. 61 (Funk) In Sweden sanitary amulets are made of mistletoe twigs, and the plant is supposed to be a specific against epilepsy and an antidote for poisons.
3. Special collocations: sanitary belt, a belt to which a sanitary towel is attached; Sanitary Commission U.S. Hist., one of various commissions established to supervise matters of health and sanitation, spec. that set up by the U.S. government in 1861 to care for soldiers and their dependants during the Civil War; sanitary engineer, one whose profession is the design, construction, or maintenance of sanitary appliances or sewerage; a plumber; hence sanitary engineering; sanitary inspector, an officer appointed to inspect sanitary conditions, a public health inspector; sanitary napkin (U.S.), pad, towel, a pad worn by women to absorb menstrual flow.
1908Sears, Roebuck Catal. 998/2 The EZ *Sanitary Belt..fits the body so smoothly that it is not felt when either worn over or under garments. 1969B. Malamud Pictures of Fidelman ii. 55 He trotted to get her anything she had run out of—drawing pencil, sanitary belt, safety pins.
1861N.Y. Times 25 June 4/4 A week ago we noticed the formation in Washington of the *Sanitary Commission for the volunteers, and its approval by the Army Medical Bureau and by the Government. 1898Kansas City (Missouri) Star 19 Dec. 2/5 The sanitary commission's work can all be done by a state veterinarian. 1949J. B. Herrick Mem. 80 Yrs. 1 A clearer war memory is that of the fair of the Sanitary Commission, held in Chicago in the summer of 1865.
1873B. Latham Sanitary Engin. Pref., The whole range of works in which the *Sanitary Engineer is engaged. 1901Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 5 Oct. 6/2 The septic tank system of sewerage..is highly recommended by some of the most eminent sanitary engineers in Europe and America. 1974‘M. Yorke’ Mortal Remains v. iv. 156 Her grandfather had been a sanitary engineer, making lavatory basins.
1868B. Latham (title) Inaugural address..before the Society [of Engineers]..upon..the results of *sanitary engineering. 1957Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 740/2 A barrister by profession, he [sc. Edwin Chadwick] mastered the elements of sanitary engineering, then a little-understood science.
1863Times 24 June 7/5 We shall leave it to the report of the *sanitary inspector... He was astonished..to find the rooms so nice and clean. 1897Act 60 & 61 Vict. c. 38 The expression ‘sanitary inspector’ means a sanitary inspector appointed by the local authority. 1907Nature 21 Feb. 400/1 Among the recommendations are..the provision of an expert staff of inspectors under the medical officer, whose title shall be altered from that of ‘Inspector of Nuisances’ to ‘Sanitary Inspector’. 1943Our Towns (Women's Group on Public Welfare) iii. 88 A Sanitary Inspector gave evidence that the majority of houses have outside W.C.'s only. 1956Act 4 & 5 Eliz. II c. 66 §1 Sanitary inspectors appointed under the local Government Act, 1933, or the London Government Act, 1939, shall henceforth be designated public health inspectors. 1977Lancashire Life Dec. 92/3 Not only did Christopher become Burnley's first fire brigade chief and first sanitary inspector.
1917W. J. Robinson Sex Knowledge for Women & Girls vi. 45 Menstrual blood..is discharged from the uterus.. to the outside, where it is caught on cotton, *sanitary napkins or some other pad. 1975D. Ramsay Descent into Dark 74 She had experienced no traumas over the change from sanitary napkins to tampons.
1926Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 2 Jan. 7/7 (Advt.), The hazards of the old-time *sanitary pad have been supplanted with a protection both absolute and exquisite. 1974Times 27 Apr. 1/6 One [line]..will always have to be sold cheaply..denture powder, sanitary pads and tampons, nappies.
1881Trans. Obstetr. Soc. XXII. 188 Dr. Galabin showed the new ladies' *sanitary towels manufactured by Messrs. Southall, Barclay, & Co., of Birmingham. They were extremely light and soft, and contained a pad of absorbent cotton wool. 1896Eng. Illustr. Mag. Aug. 8/2 (Advt.), Ladies will find the use of Southalls' Sanitary Towels in assorted sizes to be a great convenience and a great saving. 1917Lancet 28 July 145/2 (heading) The destruction of sanitary towels and surgical dressings. a1935T. E. Lawrence Lett. (1938) 503 You'd think they'd have had some other place for their sanitary towels. 1977B. Freemantle Charlie Muffin iii. 33 On the wall..there was still a white outline where the sanitary-towel dispenser had been.
Add:[3.] sanitary protection, a collective term for the products (as tampons, sanitary towels, etc.) used by women during menstruation.
1939Woman 14 Oct. 42/1 *Sanitary protection is now worn internally. 1979Guardian 27 Mar. 9/5 A campaign for free sanitary protection through the NHS started in 1973 when the Government imposed VAT on towels and tampons. 1985[see *sanpro n.]. |