| 释义 |
trade ˈunion, trades ˈunion
Also (esp. when used attrib.) with hyphen.
[f. trade or pl. trades + union.]
a. An association of the workers in any trade or in allied trades for the protection and furtherance of their interests in regard to wages, hours, and conditions of labour, and for the provision, from their common funds, of pecuniary assistance to the members during strikes, sickness, unemployment, old age, etc.
1835Wordsw. Postscript iii. Poet. Wks. (1910) 966 It has no direct bearing upon clubs..nor upon political or trade-unions. 1842Cobden in Morley Life xii. (1902) 43/2 Nothing can be got by fraternising with trade unions. They are founded upon principles of brutal tyranny and monopoly. 1887Lowell Democr. 17 But the trade-unions are now debating instead of conspiring. 1896L. Abbott Chr. & Soc. Probl. x. 272 The phrase ‘trade union’ came into existence about the year 1830 and the organization itself came into existence about the same time. 1906Westm. Gaz. 6 Mar. 2/2 A trade union is a quasi-political association, rather than an association for carrying on business.
1831Times 18 Jan. 4/1 There is no doubt that these boys [spinners' apprentices at Haslingden] are kept in countenance by the ‘Trades' Union’. 1834Arnold Let. to Chev. Bunsen 29 Sept., You have heard..of the Trades' Unions, a fearful engine of mischief, ready to riot or to assassinate. 1868Rogers Pol. Econ. ix. (1876) 88 The purpose of a trades-union is to keep up the price of labour, and if possible to enhance it. 1878Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 61 A trades-union is a society of men belonging to any one kind of trade, who agree to act together as they are directed by their elected council, and who subscribe money to pay the expenses.
b. attrib.; trade(s) union congress, (a) a national delegate conference of British trade unions, held annually since 1868; (b) (with capital initials) the national confederation of British trade unions, originally formed to organize the annual congress.
1831Lady E. Belgrave Let. Feb. in G. Huxley Lady Elizabeth & Grosvenors (1965) iv. 97 The tremendous Trade Union Club there [in Manchester]... I wish it could be put down and that someone would shoot O'Connell and Cobbett. 1868F. Harrison Let. 11 Nov. in Geo. Eliot Lett. (1956) IV. 483 Since July I have been quite immersed in my Trades-Union work. [1878Chambers's Encycl. X. 757/1 The Trades' Congress..holds an annual conference in the different leading towns.] 1888Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 501/2 An annual trades union congress is held in some great centre of industry and population..at which delegates from almost all the trade unions in the realm are present. 1895Nat. Review XXVI. 163 The Trade-Union Congress..has made itself a really representative body by adopting the principle of one vote one value. 1911C. E. Persons et al. Labor Laws & their Enforcement 115 One of its members, Edward H. Rogers, a trade union leader, made some half-hearted recommendations. 1920Times 11 June 17/2 The majority of trade union leaders..have deserted to the camp of the capitalists. 1926Brit. Gaz. 12 May 1/4 Every man who does his duty by the country and remains at work or returns to work during the present crisis will be protected by the State from loss of trade union benefits. 1926A. Conan Doyle Hist. Spiritualism I. xiii. 299 The conduct of conjurers [towards mediums] seems to have been usually determined by a sort of trade union jealousy, as if the results of the medium were some sort of breach of a monopoly. 1926Law Rep. Chancery Div. 540 No trade dispute does or can exist between the Trades Union Congress on the one hand and the Government and the nation on the other. 1927Carr-Saunders & Jones Social Struct. England & Wales 51 Trade-union officials. Ibid. 77 Trade-union membership advances in waves. 1936G. B. Shaw Millionairess iii. 174 You might as well ask me to pay trade union wages as do all that the inspector wants: I should be out of business in a week. 1941E. Wilson in Atlantic Monthly Apr. 480/2 The trade-union leadership is represented only..by an unscrupulous spellbinder. 1964T. B. Bottomore Elites & Society i. 9 Representatives of new social interests or classes (e.g. trade union leaders). a1974R. Crossman Diaries (1975) I. 335, I am pretty used to Conference now, and being hardened I just opt out of the evening entertainments and the endless trade-union dinners. 1974P. Dickinson Poison Oracle iv. 100 The hoarse bellowings of an old-style trades union agitator trying to whip an apathetic strike meeting into action. 1975Economist 4 Jan. 75 Mr Gill has been cutting quite a dash since his election as the only communist on the general council of the Trades Union Congress. 1976Daily Tel. 20 July 2/5 When will the British public, 81·5 per cent of whom have no trade union affiliation, realize how rapidly our freedoms are being eroded.
Hence trade unioˈnese colloq., the style of language supposed to be characteristic of public statements by trade-union officials; trade(s) ˈunionism, the system, principles, or practice of trade-unions; trade(s) ˈunionist, a member of a trade-union; also attrib.; trade ˈunionize v. trans., to enrol in a trade union, to form a trade union from among; trade ˈunionized ppl. a.
1927A. P. Herbert in Times 12 Jan. 13/5 There should be prizes for Essays in the Socialist Language, and polysyllabic Resolutions in *Trade Unionese. 1969H. E. Bates Vanished World xii. 156 Nowadays..we are near-suffocated by tradeunionese, councilese and Americanese, the new extensions of stodge-pudding language that have joined Johnsonese, journalese and politicalese.
1867Blackw. Mag. June 726/2 When Socialism and Communism in all their various forms died out, *Trades-unionism..took their place. 1875N. Amer. Rev. CXX. 215 The theory and possibilities of trades-unionism. 1884Pall Mall G. 10 Sept. 8/2 Although he was both a politician and a trade unionist, he could faithfully say trade unionism had always had his first care and attention. 1888Voice (N.Y.) 14 Nov., China, it seems, is the cradle of tradesunionism, and boycotts are numerous.
1834Times 10 May 5/4 Is it not somewhat unreflecting on the part of *trades' unionists to imagine that they can..set up an opposition monopoly? 1863Fawcett Pol. Econ. ii. ix. (1876) 248 A social terrorism, very analogous to that by which Trades-Unionists so frequently maintain their organizations. 1898Westm. Gaz. 12 Jan. 3/2 Even another self-denying ordinance must be asked of the trade-unionist parent in this good cause.
1960Times 9 Feb. 14/2 (heading) Should artists be *trade unionized? 1976Carn Feb. 6/1 Public attention has been diverted from the Bretons to the jailed conscripts who tried to trade-unionise the French army.
1982Economist 17 Apr. 51/3 Buy-outs by employees of bust and heavily *trade-unionised businesses. |