| 释义 |
▪ I. blister, n.|ˈblɪstə(r)|
Also 3 blester, 6 bluster, blyster.
[ME. blester, blister, perh. a. OF. blestre (‘tumeur, bouton,’ Godef.), also blostre: the double form may be explained as an adoption of ON. blástr, dat. blǽstri ‘swelling,’ also ‘a blast, blowing,’ f. blása to blow (whence also mod.Sw. blåsa, Ger. blase, blister). The 16th c. variant bluster suggests the MDu. or Flemish bluyster (Kilian), which points to earlier *blûstra, from same root (cf. ON. blístra to whistle). An OE. blǽster, bléster or blýster, cogn. with the ON. or Du., might have been expected, but is not found.]
1. A thin vesicle on the skin, containing serum, caused by friction, a burn, or other injury, or the action of a vesicatory.
a1300Cursor M. 6011 (Gött.) Bile and blester [v.r. blister], bolnand sare. a1500Flower & Leaf lix, For blisters of the Sunne brenninge, Very good..ointmentes. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. § 61 There is a blyster rysen vnder the tounge. 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 22 b, Good..agaynst blusters or reed pustuls. 1664Dryden Riv. Ladies iii. i. (1725) 216 This Hand would rise in Blisters shouldst thou touch it. 1810Henry Elem. Chem. II. 371 Acetic acid, thus prepared..raises a blister when applied to the skin. 1884W. C. Smith Kildrostan 88 Your wet ropes And clumsy oars..give blisters first And then a horny hand.
2. a. A similar swelling, containing fluid or (more usually) air, on the surface of a plant, on metal after cooling, a painted surface, and the like.
1597Gerard Herbal iii. cxvi. (1633) 1480 On these leaves..grow blisters or small bladders. 1671Ray Philos. Lett. (1718) 97, I had thought that the Kermes-berry had been a Blister of the Bark of the Oak. 1678Ripley Reviv'd 155 Our compound in this heat riseth in blisters. 1799G. Smith Laborat. I. 148 The paste would be cloudy and full of blisters. 1885Athenæum 30 May 704/2 Nor is this cracking all the mischief which has lately befallen this picture..there is rather a large blister.
b. A disease incident to peach-trees, caused by the fungus Exoascus deformans, which produces a distortion of the leaves.
1864Ohio Agric. Rep. XVIII. 460 For some years, in this country, the disease which produces the ‘Blister and Curl’ in the peach leaf, and decay in the peach fruit, has..produced extensive ravages. 1919Board Agric. & Fisheries Leaflet No. 120 ‘Curl’ or ‘leaf blister’ proves very injurious to peaches and nectarines during certain seasons.
c. Naut. colloq. An outer covering fitted to a vessel to provide protection against torpedoes and mines or to improve stability. Hence, a ship so protected. Also attrib.
1919Chambers's Jrnl. 26 July 543/1 Immunity from the evil effects of torpedoes and mines is sought by the provision of a swelling, commonly called a ‘bulge’ or a ‘blister’, below the water-line on each side. 1921Flight XIII. 584/1 By suitable methods of ‘blister’ construction of ships, however, this mining effect could be reduced to something as negligible as the direct hit. 1923W. S. Churchill World Crisis II. i. 23 When at last Monitors, ‘Blisters’ and Tanks had been devised and built. 1948R. de Kerchove Internat. Maritime Dict. 64/1 Blisters which communicate with the open sea, are fitted on some ships as an anti-rolling device.
d. A rounded compartment protruding from the body of an aeroplane. Also attrib.
1939Meccano Mag. Sept. 517/2 There are five machine gun positions, one in the fuselage nose, and four others in the form of streamlined ‘blisters’ on the top, bottom, and sides of the fuselage. 1941Illustr. London News CXCVIII. 516 An air-gunner in one of the carefully stream-lined blister gun turrets of a ‘Catalina’. 1943‘T. Dudley-Gordon’ Coastal Command at War xv. 140 Two big gun blisters, with sliding, rounded panels of perspex, in which two gunners are always on watch.
3. Med. Anything applied to raise a blister; a vesicatory.
1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., And the blysters potencyall cauteres be applyed. 1758Whytt in Phil. Trans. L. 570, I advised a blister to be applied. 1875H. Wood Therap. (1879) 561 Blisters are especially useful in inflammations of serous membranes.
4. A derogatory term for a person, esp. an annoying one. slang.
1806J. Beresford Miseries I. vii. 145 A perpetual blister; — alias, a sociable next-door-neighbour, who has taken a violent affection for you. 1880W. H. Patterson Gloss. Antrim & Down 9 Blister, an annoying person. 1914‘I Hay’ Lighter Side School Life iii. 81 Mr. Wellings' reputation throughout the school..was that of a ‘chronic blister’. 1930Wodehouse Very Good, Jeeves! xi. 308 Women are a wash-out. I see no future for the sex, Bertie. Blisters, all of them.
5. A summons. slang.
1903Sessions Paper 17 Nov. 33, I was served with four blisters yesterday. 1906Daily Chron. 20 Mar. 5/6 ‘Have you never had a ‘blister’?’.. The solicitor explained to the Court that a ‘blister’ was a summons for ‘scorching’. 1947F. Sargeson in Penguin New Writing XXIX. 62 He'd been paying off a few bob every time he had a few to spare... And then he gets a blister!
6. Comb., as blister-beetle, -fly, an insect used for raising blisters, spec. the Spanish fly (Cantharis vesicatoria); blister blight, a disease of the tea-plant caused by the fungus Exobasidium vexans, which produces blisters on the leaves; blister-copper, copper having a blistered surface, obtained during smelting just before the final operation; hence attrib. blister-copper ore; blister furnace, a furnace for the conversion of copper regulus or matte into blister-copper; blister gas, a poison gas which causes blisters on or intense irritation of the skin; blister pack n., a pack consisting of a piece of usu. transparent plastic moulded over an article and sealed to a flat card; so blister-pack v. trans., to package in this way; blister-packed ppl. a., -packing vbl. n.; blister package = blister pack n. above; blister packaging vbl. n., packaging in blister packs; blister pearl, a pearly excrescence of irregular shape found on the shell of a pearl oyster; blister-plant, a name for different species of Ranunculus, esp. R. acris, R. sceleratus; blister-plaster, a plaster for raising a blister; blister-steel, steel having a blistered surface, obtained during the process of converting iron into shear-steel or cast-steel; attrib. blister-steel furnace.
1816Kirby & Sp. Entomol. (1843) I. 31 If the apothecary cannot distinguish a..*blister-beetle from a Carabus.
1877S. Baildon Tea in Assam 45, I do not know whether it has been really ascertained what causes ‘*Blister blight’. A leaf gets a small speck upon it at first, which, as it enlarges, assumes the appearance of a blister. 1949Ann. Reg. 1948 144 Tea bushes were attacked by blister blight.
1861J. Percy Metall. I. 325 The *blister-copper is tapped into sand-moulds. 1875Ure Dict. Arts (ed. 7) I. 398 Blister Copper-ore, a botryoidal variety of copper-pyrites.
1585*Blister fly [see whelk2 1]. 1842Blister-fly [see Spanish a. 8 b]. 1862Coleman Woodlands 23 The brilliant Blister-fly..is only very sparingly met with in this country.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXVII. 237/1 The multiple system anodes are sometimes cast directly from the *blister furnace or the converter.
1936Current Hist. July 61/2 In Class D come the vesicants or *blister gases. 1938Encycl. Brit. Bk. of Year 1938 144/1 The blister gases..penetrate nearly every material except glass, porcelain, and unglazed metals.
1964Drug & Cosmetic Industry July 54/1 (heading) *Blister-pack. 1969L. S. Mounts in W. R. R. Park Plastics Film Technol. v. 116 Blister packs are usually rigid. 1971Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 30 May 6/4 Sophisticated machinery to blister pack articles for protection during shipment. 1977Times 22 Oct. 12/7 The cheapest bangers [sc. fireworks] are now sold in blister-packs of six at 21p each. 1983N.Y. Times 13 Aug. 14/1 Tamper-resistant packages, such as blister packs.
1954Mod. Plastics May 89/3 Very small and simple pieces, such as dome-like ‘*blister’ packages. 1964Drug & Cosmetic Industry July 54/2 Cardboard and plastic may be combined in several different ways to yield the desired blister package.
1954Mod. Plastics May 97/1 Master Rule Mfg. Co., Middletown, N.Y., has..opened a new phase in ‘*blister’ packaging by encasing a steel tape measuring rule in the package during the vacuum forming operation. 1976Oxf. Consumer Mar. 7/2 The shopkeepers' opinions are divided on the blister packaging... Once the shopkeeper has broken the blister..the article is no use for further sale.
1976CB Mag. June 22/1 (Advt.), Attractively *blister packed. 1976Lancet 4 Dec. 1239/1 The use of *blister-packing..could lead to important savings of drugs discarded each year in English hospitals.
1885Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 446/2 The mollusc..depositing nacreous matter.., thus forming a hollow body of irregular shape known as a ‘*blister pearl’. 1910Daily Chron. 4 Apr. 4/5 Overdress of gauze encrusted with blister pearls.
1796Wolcott (P. Pindar) Sat. Wks. 1812 III. 390 He Gilead's Balm; but you a *Blister-plaster.
1831J. Holland Manuf. Metals I. 230 When the iron has absorbed a quantity of carbon in the *blister steel furnace. 1837Brewster Magnet. 319 Needles of shear steel received a greater magnetic force than those of blister steel. 1880C. M. Mason Forty Spires 65 When the bars are removed from the furnace they are in a blistered state; they are known as blister-steel.
▪ II. blister, v.|ˈblɪstə(r)|
[f. prec.]
1. trans. To raise blisters on. Also absol.
1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg., Those that blyster make no scarre. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 324 A south⁓west blow on yee and blister you all ore. 1624Capt. Smith Virginia iii. vii. 69 The Axes..blistered their tender fingers. 1776Withering Bot. Arrangem. (1801) III. 496 It is very acrid, and easily blisters the skin. 1822Scott Nigel xxiii, Patients might be bled, cupped, or blistered. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy ii. 18 I'll slap at him..I'll blister him. 1866J. H. Newman Gerontius iv. 33 Ice which blisters may be said to burn.
fig.1603Shakes. Meas. for M. ii. iii. 12 Who, falling in the flaws of her own youth, hath blistered her report. 1605― Macb. iv. iii. 12 This tyrant whose sole name blisters our tongue. 1884Browning Ferishtah (1885) 33 Abominable words which blister tongue.
2. transf. To raise blisters on (iron bars, etc.) in the process of conversion into steel.
3. intr. To be or become covered with blisters.
1496Bk. St. Albans, Fysshynge 3 He blowyth tyll his lyppes blyster. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. ii. ii. 33 If I proue hony-mouth'd, let my tongue blister. 1734Atwell in Phil. Trans. XXXIX. 399 The Wound has blister'd. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 168 The bark blisters and rises from the reed. 1821Cook's Oracle (ed. 3) 92 Otherwise it [roast sucking-pig] will be apt to blister.
†4. To rise in or as a blister. Obs.
1644–7Cleveland Char. Lond. Diurn. (1677) 102 Our Modern Noble Men; those Wens of Greatness, the Body Politick's most peccant Humours, Blistred into Lords.
5. trans. Used as an imprecation. slang.
1840H. Cockton Val. Vox xxvi, Blister 'em! Where can the scoundrels be got to? 1964Wodehouse Frozen Assets iii. 46 Why didn't they send it up before, blister their insides? I've been in agonies of suspense.
6. Of a policeman: to record a person's name for an alleged offence; esp. in pass., to have one's name recorded in this way; to be summoned or punished for an offence (cf. blister n. 5). slang.
1909Ware Passing Eng. 34/2 To blister..Used chiefly by cabmen in relation to magisterial fines, e.g., ‘I was blistered at Bow Street to-day for twenty hog.’ 1938F. D. Sharpe Sharpe of Flying Squad 329 Blistered, served with a summons. 1939H. Hodge Cab, Sir? xvi. 225 When the policeman puts his notebook away again, we've usually been ‘blistered’. During recent years, policemen have been blistering us over three thousand times in a twelvemonth. |