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samphire|ˈsæmfaɪə(r)|
Forms: 6 sampere, sampiere, samphier, 6–8 sampier, 6–9 sampire, 7 sampeir, samper, samphyre, 7– samphire.
[In 16th c. sampere, -pire (the altered form may have been assimilated to camphire), a. F. (herbe de) Saint Pierre (Cotgr. 1611), lit. ‘St. Peter's herb’. Cf. mod.L. sampetra (in Dodoens ed. 1616).
Diefenbach cites mod.L. herba divi Petri from a work of 1694. Cf. G. meerpeterlein. Possibly the attribution to St. Peter may have been suggested by late L. petra (F. pierre) rock.]
1. a. The plant Crithmum maritimum (growing on rocks by the sea), the aromatic saline fleshy leaves of which are used in pickles. Also called rock samphire.
1545Elyot Dict., Crethmos uel Cretamus, an herbe growing on the sea rockes, whiche we call Sampere. 1578Lyte Dodoens v. xxi. 577 Sampiere hath fat, thicke, long smal leaves. 1590R. Payne Descr. Irel. (1841) 7 The Phisitians there [in Ireland] holde, that Samphier is a present remedie against the stone. 1605Shakes. Lear iv. vi. 15 Halfe way downe Hangs one that gathers Sampire: dreadfull Trade. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 344 Stately cliffes bringing forth Samphyre in great quantity. 1661J. Childrey Brit. Baconica 10 In this shire grows greater store of samphire and Sea-holly. a1691Boyle Hist. Air (1692) 178 Sampier clothes the rock in abundance. 1702Floyer in Phil. Trans. XXIII. 1167 Sampire is of an Acrid Aromatic Taste. 1731Miller Gard. Dict., Crithmum;..Smaller Samphire, or Sea-Fennel. 1832Veg. Subst. Food 194 Samphire..almost the only wild plant..gathered for..luxury. 1863Baring-Gould Iceland 176 The water has to be given a flavor by the squeezed berries of the Samphire.
b. As a name for various other maritime plants, esp. the glasswort (Salicornia). For golden, marsh1, prickly samphire, see those words.
1703W. Dampier Voy. III. i. 121 The Mould is Sand by the Sea-side, producing a large sort of Sampier, which bears a white Flower. c1710Petiver Catal. Ray's Eng. Herbal Tab. xvii, Golden Samphire. Ibid. xxviii, Prickley Sampire. a1794Barham Hortus Amer. 165 Sampier... There is another sort, which resembles the English kali, kelp, or glass-wort; another sort hath a thick juicy saltish leaf, in shape of purslane..; another sort hath a turnsole leaf. 1807J. E. Smith Phys. Bot. 122 Articulatus, jointed, as in Samphire, Salicornia annua. 1847–54Webster, Samphire...In the United States, this name is applied to Salicornia herbacea, which is called glass-wort in England. 1864Grisebach Flora W. Ind. Isl. 787 Samphire: Borrichia arborescens. Jamaica Samphire: Batis maritima. 1907Westm. Gaz. 7 Feb. 12/1 The glasswort is still called ‘samphire’ in Suffolk, and is gathered for purposes of pickling.
2. Cookery. The leaves of samphire, used chiefly as a pickle.
1624Boyle in Lismore Papers (1886) II. 138 A smale Barricke of Sampier. 1641J. Murrell Cookerie (ed. 5) 68 To boyle Pigeons with Capers or Sampyre. 1661Rabisha Cookery 3 To pickle Sampier green. 1732Arbuthnot Rules of Diet in Aliments, etc. 244 All Pickles, especially Samphire, which is stimulating. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece i. ii. 147 Then put in the Meat, and a few Capers and Samphire shred. 1747–96H. Glasse Cookery xix. 306 Take the samphire that is green, lay it in a clean pan.
3. attrib. and Comb.
1810Crabbe Borough i. 41 Here sampire-banks and salt⁓wort bound the flood. 1822Hortus Anglicus II. 380 Inula Crithmifolia. Samphire-leaved Inula. 1849C. Sturt Narr. Exped. Centr. Austral. I. 367 A shallow salt lagoon also fringed round with samphire bushes. 1928V. Woolf Orlando iv. 148 Closer and closer they drew, till the samphire gatherers, hanging half-way down the cliff, were plain to the naked eye. 1941I. L. Idriess Great Boomerang ii. 10 Out among the samphire bushes lay huddled the little cloud of sheep. 1970S. Trueman Intimate Hist. New Brunswick iii. 57 Come home with thoughts of periwinkles, dulse, maple cream, samphire greens. 1971Country Life 28 Oct. 1132/3 The reference to samphire, which for most of us means King Lear, the blinded Gloster and the wretched samphire-gatherer on Dover cliff. |