| 释义 |
materialist|məˈtɪərɪəlɪst|
[ad. mod.L. māteriālista: see prec. and -ist. Cf. F. matérialiste (18th c.).]
I. Senses related to material a.
1. An adherent of the philosophical system known as materialism.
1668H. More Div. Dial., The Proper Characters of the Persons in the ensuing Dialogues... Hylobares, A young, witty, and well-moralized Materialist. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. v. 759 The Old Atheistick Materialists. 1739Hume Hum. Nat. i. iv. §5 (1888) 239 The materialists, who conjoin all thought with extension. 1856Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. I. ii. 38 The materialist argues that we know nothing of mind except as being dependent on material organization.
¶b. fig. with reference to disbelief in ‘soul’.
1807Southey Spec. Later Eng. Poets I. Pref. 31 Those who hold that poetry is an acquirable art,—the materialists of fine literature.
c. Used to render Eccl. L. māteriāriī: see Materiarian.
1702Echard Eccl. Hist. (1710) 514 The heresiarch Hermogenes..maintained..that all evils proceeded out of matter; from whence he and his followers were called Materialists. 1730–6in Bailey (fol.); and in modern Dicts.
2. Applied by Berkeley to believers in the objective existence of matter.
c1705Berkeley Commpl. Bk. Wks. 1871 IV. 472 The mind, even according to the materialists, perceiving onely the impressions made upon its brain.
3. One who takes a material view of things.
1853Lytton My Novel vii. vi, ‘O materialist!’ cried the boy..‘you would debase the gods to a gin-palace’.
4. A believer in the materiality of heat. rare.
1863Tyndall Heat ii. §18 (1870) 24 The development of heat by mechanical means..was a great difficulty with the materialists.
5. attrib. or as adj. = Materialistic.
1833Lytton Eng. & Engl. (ed. 2) II. 238 He has studied Locke, and become materialist. 1869M. Pattison Serm. (1885) 172 A materialist tone is said to pervade all our reasonings about practical questions. 1876Mozley Univ. Serm. iii. (1877) 61 This horrible materialist indifference to the extinction of our being.
II. Senses related to material n.
†6. A druggist; ‘a merchant who sells the articles of the materia medica’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.). [= G. materialist, mod.L. (Pharm.) materialista.] Obs. rare—0.
1728Bailey, Materialist, a Druggist.
7. One who mixes the ‘materials’ for whisky punch. ? nonce-use.
1843Thackeray Irish Sk.-bk. viii, There is a dirty coffee-room, with a strong smell of whisky; indeed three young ‘materialists’ are employed at the moment. |