| 释义 |
▪ I. bin, n.|bɪn|
Forms: 1 binn(e, 2–8 binne, 4–6 bynne, byn, 5–7 bene, 7–8 binn, 1– bin.
[OE. binn(e str. fem. ‘manger, crib, hutch, bin.’ In later times a good deal confused with bing.
Franck compares Du. beun, MDu. bunne fem. ‘fish-cauf.’ Others would refer OE. binn(e directly to late L. benna, applied to various vessels or receptacles, among others to a ‘hamper’ and a ‘vivarium’ for fish, and apparently identical with benna, given by Festus as a Gaulish name for a kind of vehicle (cf. Welsh ben ‘cart, wagon’), inferred to have been a wicker- or basket-cart, which sense, with that of ‘panier for pack-horse,’ ‘large creel,’ etc., is preserved in It. benna wicker-work sleigh, dung-cart, F. benne ‘grape-gatherer's creel, fish-cauf, basket-cart for charcoal,’ banne panier, basket-cart (also mod.G. benne, Du. benne, ben, large basket, adopted from Fr., It., or med.L.). If OCeltic benna orig. meant a wicker-work panier (with or without wheels), a root *ben-, *bun- to twist, plait, may as Franck suggests have been common to Celtic and Teutonic. (See Diez, Du Cange benna, in Littré, Scheler benne, in Franck ben, beun.)]
1. gen. A receptacle (orig. of wicker- or basket-work): still used dialectally and technically in the most diverse senses, as seen in the following quotations.
1570Levins Manip., A Binne, scrinium vimineum. 1676Worlidge Cider (1691) 101 The boards that descend from the hopper or bin. 1787W. Marshall Rural Econ. E. Norf. (E.D.S.) Bins, applied provincially to the receptacles of straw in a farm-yard; cow-cribs. 1802J. Sibbald Chron. Sc. Poetry Gloss. (Jam.) Binne, a temporary inclosure or repository made of boards, twigs, or straw-ropes for containing grain or such like. 1863Morton Cycl. Agric., Bin or Bing, a space in a barn partitioned off at the side: also a wooden receptacle of any kind.
The following are the chief specific uses:
†2. The receptacle in a stable for the provender of the beasts; the manger or crib; loosely (?) a stall. Obs. exc. ? dial.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Luke ii. 7, And eft ᵹebeᵹ hine in binnæ [Rushw., Ags., & Hatton G. binne]. 971Blickl. Hom. 11 Arweorþian we Crist on binne asetene. a1000ælfric Colloq. Q. 8 Ic sceal fyllan binnan oxan mid hiᵹ. c1305Leg. Rood (1871) 145 Beestes gan Belwe in eueri binne. a1400Cov. Myst. 159 In a bestys bynne Bestad in a stalle. c1425Leg. Rood 211 God was borne with beest in bynne.
3. A receptacle for holding corn, meal, bread, fruit, and other articles of consumption; a hutch. Also, in later use, for dust (dust-bin), coal, or other things requiring storage for a time.
c1386Chaucer Prol. 595 Wel cowde he kepe a gerner and a bynne. 1481–90Howard Househ. Bks. 407 A pece of tymbir for the bene in the pantrey iijd. 1580Baret Alv. B 700 A Binne or place to put bread in. 1648Herrick Poems (1869) 267 A little bin best fits a little bread. a1682Sir T. Browne Tracts 43 They put up their corn in granaries and binns. 1695Kennett Par. Antiq. Gloss. s.v. Abunda, Bin, or Bing, a Safe, an Aumbry or Cupboard in a Buttery or Lardar. 1871J. Walsh (‘Stonehenge’) Horse xiii. (1877) 193 A bin for oats, beans, and chaff.
4. a. A partitioned case or stand for storing bottles in a wine-cellar; transf. wine from a particular bin. Also attrib.
1758T. Warton in Idler No. 33 ⁋5 To remove the five-year-old Port into the new bin on the left hand. 1828Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. xxix. 80 Piled on their sides like bottles of wine in a bin. 1864Tennyson Aylmer's F. 405 His richest beeswing from a bin reserved For banquets. 1872Lever Ld. Kilgobbin lxix. 380 He tasted that ‘bin.’
b. in a forcing-house for plants.
1861Delamer Kitch. Gard. 104 Though less convenient than the open bins, it is a good plan for economizing space.
5. A large receptacle used in hop-picking. (Cf. Fr. benne ‘hotte a l'usage de vendangeurs.’)
1737Miller Gard. Dict. s.v. Lupulus, A long square Frame of Wood call'd a Binn, with a Cloth hanging on Tenter-hooks within it, to receive the Hops. 1880Times 10 Sept. 9/5 Merry parties of pickers round the bins. 1883J. Stratton Hops & Hop-pick. 20 The hops are picked into bins or baskets.
6. One of a number of receptacles in a wool-shed where wool is stowed by classes after sorting. Austral. and N.Z.
1865M. A. Barker Let. 1 Dec. in Station Life N.Z. (1870) v. 33 Armfulls of rolled-up fleeces [were] laid on the tables before the wool-sorters who..pronounced..to which bin they belonged. 1891R. Wallace Rural Econ. Austral. & N.Z. xxix. 383 Bins of fleeces awaiting pressing. 1933L. G. D. Acland in Press (Christchurch) 23 Sept. 13/7 A man or boy..carries the fleeces from the wool table to their bins after the wool-classer has classed them.
7. Short for loony bin (see loony a. and n.). slang.
1938E. Waugh Scoop i. i. 10 To my certain knowledge she's driven three men into the bin. 1942L. A. G. Strong Unpractised Heart 77 The chaps who certified you and popped you in the bin.
8. Special Comb. bin end, one of the last bottles from a bin of wine; bin-liner, a strong plastic or paper bag designed to be used inside a dustbin or other waste-bin, and lifted out with the rubbish still inside it when the bin is full.
1968Times 21 Sept. 23/2 Pleasant wine can often be found in Fine Wine and *Bin End sales. 1976Norwich Mercury 19 Nov. 12/7 (Advt.), Collective sale of inexpensive Fine Wines and Bin Ends, in all approx. 750 dozen. 1984Times 17 Nov. 9/7 My local supermarket has several bottles clearly labelled ‘Beaujolais Nouveau 1984’ in a basket marked..‘bin ends’.
[1972Exchange & Mart 14 Dec. 43/1 (Advt.), Polythene waste bin liners.] 1976S. Wales Echo 26 Nov. 20/7 You may get free *bin liners, free bins, or neither; collections may be once or twice a week, from the kerb-side or back or front of your house. 1985Listener 9 May 17/2 Another moment I see a sour-looking man, like Marley's Ghost, washing out his bin-liner.
¶ By confusion of spelling = bing.
1695Kennett Par. Antiq. Gloss. s.v. Abunda, A Binne of hides or skins is in some countries a quantity for common sale, consisting of thirty three skins or hides.
Senses 7, 8 in Dict. become 9, 10. Add: 7. Any receptacle for holding rubbish or waste, esp. waste paper; a waste-bin.
1972T. Stoppard Jumpers i. 23 Crouch enters from the Kitchen, carrying a bin of rubbish and several empty champagne bottles. 1977P. Bailey Peter Smart's Confessions ii. 20 A bin—I think—is what Mother puts the tea leaves in, and the outsides of potatoes, and shoes when they crack for good, and all the things we don't need any more. 1981M. Gee Dying 151 He had spent hours at the back of the restaurant sorting out specially fresh specimens stupidly cast in the bins. 1985Times Lit. Suppl. 12 July 770, I chuck the other pratts straight in the bin. 1990Practical Health Spring 9/3 Here's a clever idea..—a three-compartment bin to help you separate recyclable waste in the kitchen.
8. Each of a series of ranges of numerical value into which data are sorted in statistical analysis.
1934Jrnl. Sedimentary Petrol. IV. 68/2 In setting up a histogram, we are in effect setting up a series of separate ‘bins’, each of which contains a certain per cent of the grains. 1958IRE Trans. Nuclear Sci. V. 156/1 Each distribution was normalized to the total detection efficiency of the crystal and divided into ‘bins’ whose centers were spaced at the above source-energy intervals. 1963Physical Rev. CXXXII. 2253/1 In each figure the upper curve gives the result of the ½-MeV bin width unfolding while the bottom curve is a result of unfolding using one-MeV bin widths with two sets of interlacing points. 1971Nature 11 June 372/1 To search for point sources above the atmospheric background a computer program was written which provided a contour output by summing over a 4 × 4 bin the centre of which was shifted in 1° and 0.02 steps. 1989New Scientist 15 Apr. 42/1 In total we ‘swept’ through more than 600 000 frequency bins, each only 200 hertz wide.
[10.] binbag n. (Brit.), a large, strong (usu. plastic) bag designed to be used as a container for esp. household rubbish.
1986D. Caute News from Nowhere xiii. 136 The debris, the litter, the overflowing *binbags and cardboard boxes outside the pub lifted his barmy spirits. 1988Yorks. Post 27 Oct. 9/1 The body was dumped in bin bags with a carving knife blade still embedded in the neck.
▪ II. bin, v.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To stow in a bin.
1841Marryat Poacher xxxviii, You may bottle and bin it here. 1844R. E. Egerton-Warburton Hunt. Songs, Sawyer v, We binn'd him like a bottle of old Sherry in sawdust.
Add:[1.] b. colloq. To put in a waste-bin; to throw away; hence, by extension, to discard.
1940Times 3 Feb. 7/5 My informant instanced the butter, served..in rounds half-an-inch or so thick... Something like two-thirds of the whole amount was often binned among the refuse after a meal. 1982Financial Times 3 July i. 13/1 ‘Blowpipe is the first thing to be binned after this’ is the verdict of one of the brigade commanders. 1986City Limits 16 Oct. 41 Buy the record, but bin the lyric sheet. 1990Independent on Sunday 4 Nov. (Sunday Rev.) 33/2 Who remembers the kind of middle-class good behaviour, thrift and modesty that have been binned along with Bromo, the Church Times and meals for one?
2. To group together (data) in bins (*bin n. 8).
1970Dissertation Abstr. B. XXXI. 3611/1 The measured differential cross sections, binned in cos θcm intervals of 0.02, have statistical errors of about 10{pcnt}. 1976Physical Rev. Lett. XXXVI. 1238/1 These high-mass events are presented in Fig. 3 as (d2σ/ dmdy)y= 0 ..binned in 0.5-GeV intervals. 1992S. P. Maran Astron. & Astrophysics Encycl. 491/1 (caption) Both the data and predictions have been binned into time and energy bins.
▪ III. † bin, binne, adv. and prep. Obs.
Forms: 1 binnan, (north. binna, bionna), 2–3 binnen, 2 binnon, 3 binnenn, 2–4 binne, 4–5 bynne, 5 byn.
[Com. WGer.: OE. binnan, binna = OFris. binna, OS. *binnan (MDu., Du. binnen), OHG. binnana, binnân (MHG., mod.G. binnen):—*bi-innana, f. bi-, be- of position + OTeut. *innana (in Goth. and OHG.) within, from within, f. in prep. + -ana advb. suffix. Both adv. and prep.: the latter in OE. with dat. and acc. motion. (Cf. ben.)]
A. adv. Within, inside. Hence † binward adv.
c950Lindisf. G. Matt. xxxiii. 25 Binna fulle sint nednima [Rushw. binne, Ags. G. innan]. ― John xx. 26 Uoeron ðeᵹnas his binna [Rushw. bionna]. 1123O.E. Chron. (Laud. MS.) an. 1122 Ealle þa gersumes þe þær binnen wæron. c1205Lay. 5920 Binnen heo i-wenden. c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 452 Þat þe burne bynne lorde byhelde þe bare erþe. c1425Seven Sag. (P.) 3058 He lokyd both forth and bynne.
B. prep.
1. Within, inside of; in, into.
c1000Ags. Gosp. John xi. 30 Ne com se hælend binnan þa ceastre. c1175Cott. Hom. 225 Þa þe binnon þane arce were. a1250Prov. Alfred 24 in O.E. Misc. 133 Swich mon mai..ofte binnen þine burie bliþe wenden.
2. Of time: Within, in the course of, during.
c1000Ags. Gosp. John ii. 19 Ic hit arære binnan þrym daᵹum. c1175Cott. Hom. 235 Eft bine fece and þes lare and laᵹe swiðe acolede. c1250Gen. & Ex. 1731 Ten siðes ðus binnen . vi . ȝer. c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 1214 Byn this fowretenyght.
▪ IV. bin
obs. and dial. form of been, pa. pple. etc. of be v., and obs. f. ben, peak. |