| 释义 |
adoption|əˈdɒpʃən|
[ad. (directly or through Fr. adoption) L. adoptiōn-em n. of action, f. obs. ppl. stem adopt-, whence also adoptā-re to adopt. In late L. adoptio was used instead of adoptātio, the n. of action, from adoptā-re.]
1. The action of voluntarily taking into any relation; esp. of taking into sonship.
a. viewed actively.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls Ser.) V. 213 Þe sacrament of adopcioun [sacramento adoptionis] i.e. baptism. 1483Caxton Cato a iiij. The second [kind of cousin] is legale, the whiche cause is by adopcyon. 1581Marbeck Bk. of Notes 15 The Lawiers..define Adoption to be a legitimate act imitating nature, found out for their solace and comfort, which haue no children. 1602Shakes. Ham. i. iii. 62 The friends thou hast, and their adoption tride, Grapple them to thy Soule, with hoopes of Steele. 1755Sherlock Disc. I. viii. 230 The Spirit itself, that is the Spirit of Adoption, which Christians receive, is one Witness. 1875H. E. Manning Holy Ghost i. 18 We are made sons of God by adoption.
b. fig.
1644–58Cleveland Gen. Poems, &c. (1677) 118 As Chickens are hatcht at Grand Cairo by the Adoption of an Oven.
c. viewed passively, The fact of being so adopted; adopted relation or condition.
1382Wyclif Rom. viii. 23 We vssilf sorwen withynne us for the adopcioun of goddis sones, that is..the staat of Goddis sones bi grace [Tindale adopcion, Cranmer adopcyon, Genevan, Rheims, 1611 adoption]. 1494Fabyan vii. ccxxxiii. 268 The kynge shulde take hym for his sone of adopcion, and ryghtefull heyre. 1823Lamb Elia Ser. ii. xxii. (1865) 388 It could not taste of death, by reason of its adoption into immortal palaces.
2. a. The act of taking up and treating as one's own; acceptance, espousal.
1598Shakes. Merry W. ii. ii. 309, I shall..stand vnder the adoption of abhominable termes. 1769Burke Pres. State Nat. Wks. II. 121 They may add to the publick calamity of their own measures, the adoption of his projects. 1821Craig Drawing & Paint. vi. 347, I cannot, therefore, recommend this mode of miniature painting to your adoption. 1878Seeley Stein. III. 550 The country of his own adoption.
b. Philol. (as used in this Dict.) The taking of a word belonging to a foreign language into regular use in our own, without (intentional) change of form; a special instance of this process.
Thus: The English word hotel is an adoption of the modern French (as hostel was of the Old French) living descendant of Latin hospitāle; in hospital we have a French and English adaptation of the Latin word itself. These facts are thus symbolized: Eng. hotel, a. mod.Fr. hôtel:—OFr. hostel:—L. hospitāle. Eng. hospital, a. OFr. hospital, ad. L. hospitāle.
c. passively, The fact of being so taken up and accepted; the being adopted.
1755Johnson Pref. to Dict., Which [words]..must depend for their adoption on the suffrage of futurity. 1879in Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 10/2 The great advantages of their adoption in all great metropolitan centres.
d. Of a road: see adopt v. 2 b.
1890Act 53 & 54 Vict. c. 59 §41 Adoption of private streets... The urban authority..may..declare the whole of such street or part of a street to be a highway repairable by the inhabitants at large.
3. Of accounts, reports, etc.: approval, confirmation (cf. adopt v. 8).
1881Evening News 26 July 3/6 The chairman in moving the adoption of the report said it was with great satisfaction that he informed the shareholders of the favourable traffic receipts of 1880.
4. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) adoption agency, adoption order, adoption society.
1944N.Y. Times 26 Apr. 17/1 (heading) Curbs *adoption agencies. Governor Edge signs bill to end commercialization. 1975D. Lodge Changing Places i. 25 Have the baby. Get it adopted—no sweat, the adoption agencies are screaming for new stock.
1926Law Times 6 Mar. 194/1 If an application for an *adoption order is made by spouses they must both be parties to it. 1950Act 14 Geo. VI c. 26 § 1(1) An adoption order may be made on the application of two spouses authorising them jointly to adopt an infant. 1972Times 28 Jan. 16/3 Delay in the hearing of cases concerning children should be reduced to the minimum, Mr Justice Latey said.., granting an adoption order and dispensing with parental consent.
1939Act 2 & 3 Geo. VI, c. 27 § 1(1) It shall not be lawful after the appointed day for any body of persons to make any arrangements for the adoption of a child unless that body is a registered *adoption society or a local authority. 1984Adoption Rules (Statutory Instrument No. 265) Reg. § 2(1) In these rules..‘adoption agency’ means a local authority or approved adoption society. |