| 释义 |
binder|ˈbaɪndə(r)|
[f. bind v. + -er1.]
I. Of persons.
1. gen. One who binds. (See senses of the verb.)
a1000Riddles (Gr.) xxviii. 6 Ic eom bindere and swingere. a1300Havelok 2050 Bynderes loue ich neuere mo. c1450Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker Voc. 688 Hic ligator, a bynder. 1651Hobbes Govt. & Soc. viii. §4. 129 The binder supposes him that is bound not to be sufficiently tyed by any other obligation. 1846Trench Huls. Lect. Ser. ii. vi. 235 The true binder up of the bleeding hurts of humanity.
2. spec.
a. A bookbinder.
1556Chart. Stationers' Comp. in Entick London (1766) IV. 227 Any..printer, binder or seller of any manner of books. 1705Hearne Diary (1885) I. 57 This was discovered by the binder. 1862Burton Bk.-hunter i. 26 There are binders who have immortalized themselves.
b. One who binds sheaves behind the reapers.
1611Chapman Iliad xviii. (J.) Three binders stood, and took the handfuls reapt From boys that gather'd quickly up. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth. 159 One man follows the two binders, to stook the corn. 1870Bryant Iliad xviii. II. 226 Binders tied them fast With bands, and made them sheaves.
c. ‘One who undertakes to keep a mine open.’ Weale Dict. Terms 1849.
II. Of things.
3. a. Anything used to bind; a band, bandage, etc.; in Med., a piece of calico or a special apparatus used in obstetric surgery.
1695Motteux St. Olon's Morocco 94 Nothing on their Heads but a single Veil or Binder. 1787Mrs. Trimmer Œcon. Charity 79 Plain linen caps, with binders herring-boned with coloured cruel. 1861Year-bk. Med. & Surg. 359 The use of the obstetric binder. 1868Daily News 3 Sept., The binder and wimple were placed on the head [of a nun]. 1885Cheshire Gloss. (E.D.S.), Binders, narrow strips of thick hempen cloth..put round cheeses..to prevent them bulging.
b. fig. (Cf. 4.)
1621–31Laud Sev. Serm. (1847) 99 Justice and judgment is the greatest binder up of a State. 1627Bp. Hall Medit. & Vows ii. 29 Performance is a binder. 1643Caryl Sacr. Covt. 5 A Covenant is a binder of affection.
4. A connecting piece that holds the several parts of any structure together; as,
a. A long pliant withe or branch used in fencing, etc. (cf. bind v. 12);
b. Carpentry. A tie-beam or binding joint;
c. A principal part of a ship's frame, such as keel, transom, beam, etc.;
d. A long stone that passes quite through a wall, and gives support to the smaller stones, a ‘bond’ stone.
1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iii. xxii. 212 Though batchelours be the strongest stakes, married men are the best binders in the hedge of the Commonwealth. 1666J. Smith Old Age (ed. 2) 207, I compare..the Sinews or Nerves to the binders of the hedge; which fasten and unite all the other parts. 1842Gwilt Archit. (1876) 601 By the 14th century the system of girders, binders, and joists was perfected. 1845Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. 122 It makes an admirable binder of the moveable sands. 1919Masefield Reynard the Fox 55 The binders crashed as hounds went over.
5. In various technical applications:
a. A band of straw, etc. for binding sheaves of corn;
b. A contrivance attached to a reaping-machine to bind up the grain as cut into sheaves; also, a separate machine used for binding up the grain (Knight, Dict. Mech. Suppl.);
c. An appliance attached to a sewing-machine for putting binding on cloth;
d. Weaving. A lever fixed in the shuttle-box to arrest the shuttle and prevent its recoil;
e. A detachable cover or binding for unbound magazines, music, papers, etc.
1837U.S. Patent 26 Dec., Binder for newspapers. 1857Trans. Illinois Agric. Soc. II. 120 A self raker, and even a binder, may be just as simple..as some hand raker. 1865Morn. Star 30 May, A policeman produced a steel binder belonging to a sewing machine. a1877Knight Dict. Mech. II. 1891/2 1850. Heath's binder, with a reciprocating rake beneath the platform. 1851. Watson's automatic binder. 1891R. Wallace Rural Econ. Austral. & N.Z. v. 89 The light steel binder..is produced wholesale in..[Canada] for {pstlg}28 each. 1945‘G. Orwell’ Animal Farm v. 39 Electricity..could operate threshing machines..and reapers and binders. 1964Which? July 224/1 All new members get an index when they join CA (which can be kept in the binder pocket).
†6. Med. Anything which produces astriction or constipation of the bowels. Obs.
1528Paynell Salerne Regim. N iv, Hit scoureth away the dropsye..neuer the lesse it is a bynder. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. iv. i. i. (1651) 364 They would prescribe..binders for purgatives. 1678Salmon New Lond. Disp. i. vi. (1702) 140/1 Where binders and strengthners are used.
7. a. Anything which causes bodies to adhere or stick together; a cement.
1678Salmon New Lond. Disp. iii. xii. (1702) 416/2 The Bone-Binder..speedily glews broken Bones together. 1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v. Elements, The elements of metals..and sulphur as the binder, or cement. 1940[see binding agent s.v. binding ppl. a. 3]. 1957Brit. Commonw. Forest Terminol. 23 Binder,..the component of a glue primarily responsible for the adhesive forces.
b. In road-making (see quot. 1911).
1901G. W. Tillson Street Pavements viii. 230 It was deemed best to change..the method of construction and for the cushion-coat to substitute a so-called binder, made up of coarse stones held together by asphaltic cement. This binder has been laid of different thicknesses, sometimes 1½ or even 2 inches. Its object..is simply to serve as a medium between the wearing surface and the concrete. 1908Chambers's Jrnl. 29 Aug. 624/1 A light binder of clay and gravel is added to the second coating of stone. 1911Encycl. Brit. XXIII. 392/1 Upon the concrete foundation is first spread a layer of fine bituminous concrete called ‘binder’, 1½ in. thick, to unite the wearing surface to the concrete foundation. Upon the binder the asphalte is laid to a thickness of 2 in. 1937Times (Brit. Motor No.) 13 Apr. viii/3 The principle is the same as that of the ordinary tar⁓macadam road, but cement mortar is used as the ‘binder’ in the place of tar.
c. A binding medium used in painting to cause pigment to cohere and set.
1922M. Toch How to paint Permanent Pictures 33 The decorations made by the Egyptians were made without any binder other than the lime naturally found in the soil, and in a few cases the glue was used. Ibid. 34 There are some really wonderful decorative [Egyptian] paintings in which binders were used. The portraits..in the second century were done with wax and resins. 1934H. Hiler Notes on Technique of Painting iii. 144 These media, or binders, each require a different manner and method in their use. 1951R. Mayer Artist's Handbk. Materials & Techniques i. 19 Tempera paint films are adequately strong and durable, but when dry the volume of binder in relation to the volume of pigment is less than that of oil paints.
8. Comb., as binder's-board, hard smooth pasteboard used in bookbinding; binder twine, twine used in a binder or for binding.
1890Moose Jaw (Sask.) Times 18 July 4/6 The local situation in Binder twine is somewhat interesting. 1899Westm. Gaz. 12 June 9/2 The fibre was chiefly used in the United States for binder twine for harvesting. 1950N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Mar. 227/3 Tying them [sc. the leaders of a vine] with binder twine is preferable to twisting the leaders around the wires [of the trellis].
9. A large quantity, esp. of food; a satisfying meal. dial. and N.Z. colloq.
1881H. & C. R. Smith Isle of Wight Words 46 Binder, a quantity. ‘A pretty good binder of it.’ 1917Chrons. N.Z.E.F. 19 Sept. 55/1, I was hungry so I turned my eyes away from the promising binder. 1943F. Sargeson in Penguin New Writing XVII. 59, I shouted him a bob dinner and I could tell by the way he ate he was in need of a binder. 1967― Hangover vi. 42, I am so devilish hungry I must first spend half an hour in the kitchen putting away a binder.
10. A last drink (see also quot. 1953). slang.
1899A. M. Binstead Gal's Gossip 15 He joyfully fell in with her suggestion to step inside and take a ‘binder’. 1953Word for Word (Whitbread & Co.) 13/1 Binder, colloquial expression for the last drink... Also used to describe the person who orders a drink after closing time.
11. slang.
a. A boring person or thing (see bind v. 22).
b. One who ‘binds’ or complains (see bind v. 23).
1930T. E. Lawrence Lett. (1938) 679 More books go to you almost at once. You'll find some of the packets have quite decent things amongst them—though generally they are what the troops call my ‘binders’. 1937Partridge Dict. Slang 54/1 Binder, a bore (person). 1943[see bind v. 22]. 1944Partridge in 19th Cent. CXXXV. 184 A person..who is a grouser or a fault-finder is termed a binder.
12. pl. Brakes. slang.
1942‘H. W.’ What's the Gen? 19 To jump on the binders, to apply the brakes. 1962Amer. Speech XXXVII. 267 Binders, brakes. Most often used in referring to emergency stops. ‘Hit the binders!’ |