| 释义 |
▪ I. pug, n.1 Now only dial.|pʌg|
[Origin unascertained. It occurs much earlier than pug n.2, and does not appear to be connected with it.]
1. The husks of any kind of small seed which are separated in cleaning it; the chaff of wheat or oats, the awns of barley, etc.; the refuse corn separated in winnowing.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. iii. 1079 Mast, chasteyn, yef hem [boars] pugges of thi corn [orig. vilia excrementa]. 1601Holland Pliny xviii. vii. I. 562 The chaffe and pugs [palea] that come of Barly, is supposed to be as good as the best. Ibid. vi. 20 The best way to keep onions, is in corn chaf, and such like pugs. 1766Museum Rust. VI. 338 Clean seed, cleared of the black husk, or pug, as we call it. 1854A. E. Baker Northants. Gloss., Pug, the integument or chaff of small seeds, turnips, candy-tuft, &c.
2. The refuse from the cider-press. Hence pug-drink, water cider (Grose Prov. Gloss. 1787). dial.
1893Wilts. Gloss., Pug..the pulp of apples which have been pressed for cider.
▪ II. pug, n.2|pʌg|
[Of unknown origin and history; it is not certain that branches I and II belong to the same word. Exc. in sense 1, the earliest examples of which have pugges (? pl. used collectively), not known before 1600; but some senses may have been earlier in colloquial use.]
I. Applied to a person, etc.
†1. A term of endearment for a person (rarely an animal); also applied to a bauble or doll. Obs.
1566Drant Horace, Sat. ii. iii. G iv, If in a couche, a fyne fleesde lambe a kinge shoulde cause to ryde, And geve it rayments neate and gay..And call it pugges and prety peate [Rufam aut Pusillam appellet]. 1578Whetstone 2nd Pt. Promos & Cass. i. iii, Nay, nay, sayes he (good pugges) no more of this. 1580Sir G. Carey in J. H. Jeayes Catal. Charters Berkeley Castle (1892) 330 My sweete pugge,..thi absens will make the returne of thy swete cumpany the more welcum to me. 1602Marston Ant. & Mel. ii. i, [To little boy] Hah Catzo, your master..cals for your diminutive attendance... Good pugge, give me some capon. 1602― Antonio's Rev. iii. iv, I have had foure husbands my selfe. The first, I called, sweet duck: the second, deare heart: the third, prettie pugge. 1611Cotgr. s.v. M'amie, Ma belle m'amie, my prettie Pug (so fooles, hugging their bables, tearme them). Ibid., Marmouselle, a little puppie, or pug to play with.
†2. A courtesan, mistress, harlot, punk. Obs.
(Quot. 1600 apparently belongs here.)
1600Sir R. Cecil Lett. 24 Sept. (Camden) 33 If you did..remember the Lo. Admyrall and the Lord Threasurer with a couple of Pugges or some vscough baugh or some such toyes, it would shew that you do not neglect them, whoe, I protest, are to you wonderfull kynde. 1607Dekker & Webster Westw. Hoe ii. ii. D.'s Wks. 1873 II. 307 The Lob has his Lasse,..the Westerne-man his Pug, the Seruing-man his Punke. 1611Cotgr. s.v. Gouge, Gouge as Vouge,..a Souldiors Pug, or Punke; a Whore that followes the Camp. Ibid., Saffrette,..a flirt, queane, gixie, pug, punke. 1653Urquhart Rabelais i. iii, He married Gargamelle,..a jolly pug [orig. belle gouge] and well mouthed wench. 1678Dryden Kind Keeper Epil. 18 But all the female fry turn pugs, like mine. a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Pug, Pugnasty, a meer Pug, a nasty Slut, a sorry Jade, of a Woman. 1708T. Ward Eng. Ref. (1716) 16 Who ever knew a Royal Fancy Stoop thus to such a Pug as Nancy? 1719D'Urfey Pills V. 83 If Miss prove peevish, and will not gee, Ne'er pine..at the wanton Pug.
†3.
a. A bargeman. Western pugs, men who navigated barges down the Thames to London: cf. Western bargee (quot. 1666 s.v. bargee). Obs.
1591Lyly Endym. iv. ii, In a Westerne barge, when with a good winde and lustie pugges one may goe ten miles in two daies. 1592Greene Disput. C j, Iack Rhoades, a reformed Man, and a Crosbite... I doubte the sandeyde Asse, will kicke like a Westerne Pugge: if I rubbe him on the gaule. 1603Dekker Wonderfull Yeare F iij b, Euen the Westerne Pugs receiuing money there [in plague time], haue tyed it in a bag at the end of their barge, and trailed it through the Thames. 1611W. Austin in Coryat's Crudities Panegyr. Verses, Slept in his clothes like Westerne Pugge Sans Monmouth Cap or gowne of Rugge.
†b. ? A ship's boy. Obs.
1598W. Phillip Linschoten i. xcvi. 179 The officers and most of the sailers were on land, none but pugs [Du. putgers] and slaues being in the ships: for..wheresoeuer they anker, presently they goe all on land, and let the shippe lie with a boy or two in it. a1680Butler Rem. (1759) I. 77 [Ulysses] ty'd his deafen'd Sailors..to the Mast,..rather venture drowning, than to wrong The Sea-pugs chaste Ears with a bawdy Song.
4. In servants' vocabulary: An upper servant in a large establishment.
1847–78Halliwell s.v., In large families, the under⁓servants call the upper ones pugs, and the housekeeper's room is known as pugs'-hole. 1860Athenæum 17 Nov. 664 Servants have become a separate estate..with their own distinction of ranks, the ‘Pugs’ and the ‘Tags’. Mod. Newspr., The stillroom-maid, coming up to Pug's Parlour for orders.
II. An imp, a dwarf animal, etc.[In 5, the word agrees completely in sense with puck n.1, but is not easily accounted for as a mere phonetic variant of that word; senses 6–12 do not occur with puck.] †5. A small demon or imp; a sprite; Puck.
1616B. Jonson Devil an Ass Dram. Pers., Satan. The great diuell. Pvg. The lesse diuell. 1635Heywood Hierarch. ix. 574 Diuels in Sarmatia honored, Call'd Kottri, or Kibaldi; such as wee Pugs and Hob-goblins call. 1664Butler Hud. ii. iii. 635 Agrippa kept a Stygian pug, I' th' garb and habit of a dog, That was his tutor. 1678Ibid. iii. i. 1415 This is your Business, good Pug-Robin, And your Diversion, dull dry Bobbing T'entice Fanatics in the Dirt. [1822W. Irving Braceb. Hall (1823) II. 163 Those sprites which Heywood in his Hierarchie calls pugs or hobgoblins.]
6. a. A monkey, an ape. Also applied, like ‘monkey’, to a child. Obs. exc. dial.
1664Power Exp. Philos. iii. 184 Pugs and Baboons may claim a Traduction from Adam as well as these. c1733D. Mallet Cupid & Hymen 102 Those Jack-puddings pug and parret. 1754Richardson Grandison (1810) VII. xliii. 234 Take away the pug, said I, to the attendants... They rescued the still smiling babe. 1793Carlop Green (1817) 132 Pugs, bears, and dancan' dogs, And raree-showers.
b. As quasi-proper name of an ape. (Cf. Jacko.)
1698J. Crull Muscovy II. 322 The Monkey by chance came jumping out with them... Poor Pug was had before his betters. 1712Addison Spect. No. 499 ⁋4, I heard her call him dear Pugg, and found him to be her favourite monkey. 1815Zeluca II. 218 Pug was on my shoulder. 1863Robson Tyneside Songs 64 As regard poor pug aw've had my say.
7. Originally pug-dog: A dwarf breed of dog, resembling a bull-dog in miniature; on account of its affectionate nature much kept as a pet.
Here there may be some connexion with sense 1: cf. quot. 16112 there.
a. [1731Bailey, Pug, a Nickname for a Monkey, or Dog.] 1749Garrick Lethe 22 A fine Lady..keeps a Pug-dog, and hates the Parsons. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) III. 290 Several others might be added, such as the pug-dog, the black breed, and the pointer. 1840Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. i. Hand of Glory, Then half arose..His little pug-dog with his little pug nose. 1851D. Jerrold St. Giles ii. 11 You'll be thinking of keeping pug-dogs and parrots next.
b.1789Mrs. Piozzi Journ. France I. 148 The little pug dog or Dutch mastiff has quitted London for Padua, I perceive...Every carriage I meet here has a pug in it. 1798Sporting Mag. XII. 7 Portrait of Dutch pugs. 1821Joseph the Book-Man 133 My Lady, in her parlour snug, Is still delighted with her pug. 1876World V. No. 119.4 A veritable pug of pugs, with large soft loving eyes.
8. a. A quasi-proper name for a fox; = reynard.
1809M. Edgeworth Absentee viii, There is a dead silence till pug is well out of cover, and the whole pack well in. 1848Kingsley Yeast i, Cunning old farmers rode off..to some well-known haunts of pug. 1858R. S. Surtees Ask Mamma xv, Pug..turns tail, and is very soon in the rear of the hounds.
b. Also, in dialectal use, a quasi-proper name for a lamb, a hare, a squirrel, a ferret, a salmon.
See Eng. Dial. Dict.
9. a. dial. Applied to anything short and stumpy; a dwarf.
1837J. F. Palmer Dialogues Devon. Dial. Gloss. 74 Pug..is used for anything short, thick and irregularly orbicular; thus Pug-faced, Pug-nosed [etc.]. 1903in Eng. Dial. Dict.
b. A net or snood for tying up or holding a bun or knot of hair. Also attrib.
1927Blackw. Mag. June 747/1 His hair tied in a knot in a little red cloth or pug, on the top of his head. 1967E. B. Nickerson Kayaks to Arctic x. 92, I had been wearing my hair in a long braid but tonight I coiled and netted it in a pug. 1967Boston Globe 21 May (Confidential Chat) 17/1 The old fashioned idea of a dark, gloomy building..with an old fashioned old lady with glasses and a pug hair-do for a librarian are far out these days.
10. Also pug-moth: Collectors' name for geometrid moths of the genus Eupithecia.
1819G. Samouelle Entomol. Compend. 363 Geometra [Eupithecia (Curtis)] rufifasciata. The red-barred Pug. Ibid. 406 Geometra singulariata. The grey Pug. Ibid. Index, Pug-moth, beautiful. 1832Rennie Conspect. Butterfl. & Moths 132 The Beautiful Pug..the Green Pug..the Brass Pug [etc.: 33 species so named]. 1869Newman Brit. Moths 116/2 The little moths which constitute the genus Eupithecia, or, as called by collectors, ‘Pugs’.
11. In full pug-engine: A small locomotive used chiefly for station or shunting purposes; a contractor's engine.
1880W. Aitken Rodgerson's Doug Poems (1893) 156 No a shift of the waggons, or shunt with the pug. 1887Daily News 28 Sept. 3/1 A pug engine was engaged shunting a number of waggons within the works when it exploded. 1901Daily Express 28 Aug. 6/3 While twenty navvies were returning home on a pug engine..the engine overturned at a curve on the line and fell down the embankment.
†12. A short cloak worn by ladies about the middle of the eighteenth century (Planché). Obs.
(Doubtful sense: in quot. cited it may mean a pug-dog.)
1740L. Whyte Poems 63 The Cape..now is grown a demi-cloke,..To keep the Hero warm and snug, As any lady's velvet Pug.
III. 13. attrib. and Comb. (from II): see sense 9, and pug-bitch, pug-dog (sense 7), pug-engine (sense 11), pug-moth (sense 10); pug-face, a face compared to that of a monkey; a squat flat-nosed face; pug-fox, a small-sized, blunt-nosed variety of fox; pug-peal, a young grilse or salmon; pug-slut, the female of a pug-dog; pug-trout, a sea-trout. See also pug-nose, -nosed.
1916E. Pound Lustra 111 Quite plump, with *pug-bitch features.
1897Dublin Rev. Oct. 311 The natives grinning with delight at the sight of their *pug-faces in the mirror.
1907Westm. Gaz. 9 Dec. 10/1 The importers have..brought over many *pug foxes, small-sized animals with too great a love for life underground ever to lead hounds far across country.
1861Act. 24 & 25 Vict. c. 109 §4 All migratory fish of the genus salmon, whether known by the names..salmon..peal, herring peal, may peal, *pugg peal,..or by any other local name.
1817Sporting Mag. L. 137 My favourite dog, a small *pug-slut, about two years and a half old.
1865Couch Brit. Fishes IV. 211 Sea Trout. Grey Trout... *Pugtrout.
Hence ˈpuglet, a little pug (in quot., monkey); ˈpugship, the personality of a pug.
1681T. Flatman Heraclitus Ridens No. 46 (1713) II. 45 As if he had sent the Lady Apess with a Puglet or two to have squeal'd and scream'd at us. 1818Sporting Mag. II. 3 This sable livery of their pugships is not of long duration—it is merely an ornament of youth.
▪ III. pug, n.3|pʌg|
[See pug v.2; cf. also pug-mill.]
Loam or clay comminuted, thoroughly mixed, kneaded, and prepared for brickmaking and other purposes. Also transf.: see quot. 1904.
1872Mrs. Millet Parsonage iii. 55 The walls of the house were built of ‘pug’, which means simply well-pounded mud. 1876S. Wood Gd. Gardening (ed. 2) 41 Form this compound into a very stout pug or mortar by chopping, treading, &c. 1904A. Griffiths 50 Yrs. Public Service xvii. 236 When by-and-by the ‘kerf’ thus formed was to be carried on to the ‘pug’, or raised platform from which the machine was fed, it was duly cut at the bottom of the heap... I could follow the ‘kerf’ to the ‘pug’.
b. Comb. pug-mill, q.v.; pug-cylinder, the cylinder of a pug-mill. (These may be from pug v.2) Also pug-hole: see quot.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 187 There are boxes..upon each side of the pug cylinder containing sand. 1870Symons Life Draper vii. 61 Bowden was a great brick-making place. Deep pits from which the clay had been excavated, known as ‘pug holes’ abounded in every direction.
▪ IV. ‖ pug, n.4 Anglo-Ind.|pʌg|
[Hindī pag footprint.]
The footprint of a beast. Also Comb., as pug-mark.
1865Daily Tel. 12 Dec. 7/3 There are not many sensations worth getting up for so early..; but to see the first ‘pug’ of the tiger's track on the wet path is one of them. 1882Floyer Unexpl. Baluchistan iv. 114 We with difficulty kept sight of the pugs of a camel which had preceded us. 1889Baden-Powell Pigsticking 55 The goat has a square pug with blunt points to his toes. 1922Chambers's Jrnl. Dec. 860/1, I found a good many pug-marks and from them I concluded that the man-eater was a smallish beast. 1946J. Corbett Man-Eaters of Kumaon 8 Entering the ravine..I found the pug marks of a tiger in some fine earth..; these pug marks showed the animal to be a tigress, a little past her prime. 1974Country Life 31 Oct. 1302/2 Tigers are elusive... We followed pug marks up hill and down ravine.
▪ V. pug, n.5 slang.|pʌg|
Abbrev. of pugilist. Hence pug-glove, a boxing-glove.
1858A. Mayhew Paved w. Gold ii. xii. 184 He was known by his brother pugs to be one of the gamest hands in the ring. 1888‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under A. xx, He was fond of talking about ‘pugs’ as he'd known intimate. 1924J. Buchan Three Hostages v. 74 The man had been in the ring, and not so very long ago. I wondered at Medina's choice, for a pug is not the kind of servant I would choose myself. 1938Dylan Thomas Let. 1 June (1966) 198 ‘Boxed’ has the coffin and the pug-glove in it. 1961Lancet 26 Aug. 447/2 It is well known that boxers, including fair-ground-booth pugs, can tolerate severe direct blows to the head. 1977Time 19 Dec. 68/2 Hemingway had gone many rounds with pugs, and Journalist Paul Gallico once had his fillings loosened by Jack Dempsey.
▪ VI. pug, v.1 Now only dial.|pʌg|
[Origin obscure: perh. more than one word.]
1. trans. To pull, tug.
1575Appius & Virginia in Hazl. Dodsley IV. 120 What tugging, what lugging, what pugging by the ear. 1717Marchant Diary 30 Mar. in Sussex Archæol. Coll. (1873) XXV. 180 George pugg'd clover in the forenoon. 1790Grose Provinc. Gloss. (ed. 2). 1819W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd (1827) 211 Nae thing was prosperin' there and thrivin', But tirlin' roofs and rafter-rivin', And pullin' down and puggin'.
2. To dirty by overmuch handling.
1885E. C. Sharland Ways Devon. Village iv. 55 To learn to handle things without pugging and pawing them.
▪ VII. pug, v.2|pʌg|
[Origin obscure: cf. pug n.3 and pug-mill.
If the group began with the vb., and sense 1 is properly put here, the word is prob. onomatopœic, expressing the action and accompanying dull heavy sound of pounding or ramming a stiff but yielding body such as clay.]
I.
1. trans. To poke, punch, strike.
1809Wolcott (P. Pindar) Middlesex Election i. xxix, I'd quickly pug their guts.
II.
2. To temper (clay) for brickmaking, by kneading and working it into a soft and plastic condition, as in a pug-mill. Hence pugged |pʌgd|, ppl. a.; ˈpugging vbl. n.
Originally done by treading and stamping with the feet, which was prob. the original ‘pugging’: cf. Ure Dict. Arts (1839) 184 ‘The next step is to temper the clay, which is generally done by the treading of men or oxen. In the neighbourhood of London, however, this process is performed in a horse-mill. The kneading of the clay is..the most laborious but indispensable part of the whole business [of brick-making]... The more it is worked, the denser, more uniform, and more durable, the bricks which are made of it.’
1843Mech. Mag. XXXIX. 193 The most useful properties of ‘ciment’, when well pugged or kneaded with the clay, was to hasten the drying, and to diminish the contraction. 1843Parkes in Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IV. ii. 374 It is requisite that the clay be well washed and sieved before pugging. 1843Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. VI. 348/1 The bricks were all burned in close kilns constructed with soft bricks set in pugged clay. 1884C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts Ser. iii. 105 The compound was pugged, moulded, and strongly pressed.
b. To trample or tread (ground) into a muddy and sticky mass, as is done by cattle near gates or drinking-places; to poach or potch.
1881Daily News 4 June 5/5 The pugged and sticky sheep-folds could not be brought by plough and harrow into anything like suitable mould.
III. 3. To pack or fill up (a space) with pug, cement, etc.; esp. to pack the space under a floor with earth, old mortar, sawdust, or other substance to prevent the passage of sound: cf. pugging n.
1823[implied in pugging n.]. 1870Eng. Mech. 28 Jan. 488/1 Will any kind reader inform me of a material that will answer all the purposes of pugging floors? 1880Libr. Univ. Knowl. (U.S.) V. 876 Wood, well pugged with cement, is strongly recommended by many architects..for girders and beams. 1906Pall Mall G. 19 Mar. 2/3 Residents in semi-detached villas with the usual slender walls, or even in flats with the floors warranted duly ‘pugged’.
4. To thrust, poke, or pack into a space. dial.
1854A. E. Baker Northants. Gloss. s.v., ‘That small house is pugged in between two high ones.’ ‘The two families live pugging together.’
▪ VIII. pug, v.3 Anglo-Ind.|pʌg|
[f. pug n.4]
trans. To track by footprints. Hence ˈpugging vbl. n.
1866Newall Eastern Hunters 6 You never would take the trouble to learn pugging, though it is so essential an acquirement in wood craft. 1882Floyer Unexpl. Baluchistan 18 To comment with considerable point on each false move the young man made in his pugging (tracking). 1889Baden-Powell Pigsticking 57 We called up the head⁓man of the beat and asked him if he could pug...‘Of course I can pug. My work is pugging criminals.’ |