| 释义 |
▪ I. † rusk, n.1 Obs.—1
[Related to rusk v.1 Cf. Icel., Norw., and MSw. rusk.]
A blow.
c1425Wyntoun Cron. i. v. 206 To þat boy he gef a rusk,..He dang him with his bow to deid.
▪ II. rusk, n.2|rʌsk|
Also 6–7 ruske.
[a. Sp. or Pg. rosca a twist, turn, coil, screw, and spec. a twisted roll of bread (Sp. rosca de mar sea-rusk).]
1. Bread in the form of small pieces which have been re-fired so as to render them hard and crisp; formerly much used on board ships.
1595Drake's Voy. (Hakl. Soc.) 15 The provision..was seven or eight cakes of bisked or rusk for a man. 1617Moryson Itin. ii. 192 His new men grew weake with feeding onely upon ruske. 1639T. Lechford Note-Bk. (1885) 113 You must..have some refreshments besides the ships provisions,..that is, some suger and fine ruske or bisket. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 20 A large Basket of Rusk or Bisket of their kind. 1789G. Keate Pelew Isl. 31 A canister of tea, a canister of sugar-candy, and a jar of rusk. 1821Scott Pirate xxx, Naething to eat but a mouthful of Norway rusk.
attrib.1794Stedman Surinam (1813) I. x. 254 This rusk biscuit is made of a coarse rye loaf cut in two and baked as hard as a stone.
b. U.S. ‘Bread or cake dried and browned in the oven, and reduced to crumbs by pounding.’
1890in Century Dict.
2. A piece of bread hardened or browned by re-firing and sometimes sweetened.
1759W. Verral Cookery 25 Putting on it some rusks or toasts of French bread. 1767S. Paterson Another Trav. I. 454 Some of the best rusks I ever eat in my life. 1799Underwood Dis. Child. (ed. 4) I. 135 Rusks and biscuit-powder are more suitable than bread. 1835Court Mag. VI. 144/2 Breakfast..consists of warm café-au-lait and a rusk. 1883Gilmour Mongols xviii. 217 Crows perch themselves on the top of loaded camels, and deliberately steal Chinamen's rusks and Mongols' mutton.
▪ III. rusk, n.3
(See quot.)
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining 209 Rusks, small slack, or that next larger than dust or dead small.
▪ IV. rusk, v.1 rare.
[Of Scand. origin: cf. Icel., Fær., Norw., MSw. ruska, Da. ruske, in the same or related senses.]
†1. trans. To disturb violently; to shake; to tear or tug up. Obs.
c1275Serving Christ 71 in O.E. Misc. 92 Ne geyneþ vs..þe ronke racches þat ruskit þe ron [= roe-deer]. c1400Sege Jerus. 727 (E.E.T.S.), Foules fallen to fote & her feþres rusken. c1420Avow. Arth. xii, He ruskes vppe mony a rote, With tusshes of iij. fote.
2. intr. To pluck roughly; to scratch, claw. Sc.
1880Jamieson's Sc. Dict. s.v., When a horse tears hay from a stack, he is said to be ruskin' at it.
▪ V. rusk, v.2 rare—0.
[f. rusk n.2]
trans. To convert (bread or cake) into rusk (Cent. Dict.). |