| 释义 |
pterygoid, a. (n.) Anat.|pt-, ˈtɛrɪgɔɪd|
[ad. Gr. πτερυγοειδής, contr. πτερυγώδης like a wing, f. πτέρυξ, -υγ- wing: see -oid.]
A. adj. Having the form or appearance of a wing, wing-like, wing-shaped.
1. pterygoid process (πτερυγοειδὴς ἀπόϕυσις, Galen): Each of two processes of bone descending (on each side) from the junction of the body and great wing of the sphenoid bone.
The external pterygoid process is a process or extension of the alisphenoid, or great wing of the sphenoid, having no independent centre of ossification, and is in no vertebrate a distinct part. The internal pterygoid process is in origin a distinct bone, the pterygoid bone proper, which in lower vertebrates remains distinct and freely articulated, but in mammalia is ankylosed with the sphenoid, and sutured with the palatal bone. (In fishes there are several distinct pterygoid bones.) The external and internal pterygoid processes (or bones) are also called the pterygoid plates.
1722Quincy Lex. Physico-Med. (ed. 2) 12 Aliformes Musculi, are Muscles arising from the Pterygoide Bone, and ending in the Neck of the lower Jaw. 1741Monro Anat. (ed. 3) 119 It runs above the inner Wing of the pterygoid Process. 1808Barclay Muscular Motions 504 The pterygoid processes of the sphenoides. 1837Penny Cycl. VIII. 162/1 The auditory bone..and the pterygoid apophyses are fixed to the skull as in the tortoises. 1881Mivart Cat iii. 70 Two complex bony plates:..each of these is called a pterygoid plate.
b. Connected with the pterygoid processes.
pterygoid fossa, the deep concavity between the external and internal pterygoid plates. pterygoid muscles (external and internal), the muscles of mastication which arise from the respective pterygoid processes, and are inserted into the lower jaw-bone, to effect its forward-and-backward and lateral movements. pterygoid ridge, the ridge traversing the outer surface of the alisphenoid which gives attachment to the external pterygoid muscle. pterygoid tubercle, the rough prominence on the lower jaw for attachment of the internal pterygoid muscle.
1746R. James Introd. Moufet's Health's Improv. 4 The external Pterygoide Muscles, and some Fibres of the Masseter, draw the intire inferior Jaw forwards. 1869Proc. Amer. Phil. Soc. XI. 583 A single pterygoid tooth was found in the matrix. 1872Humphry Myology 44 Bounding the orbit behind, and filling up the wide pterygoid fossa on the side of the skull. 1881Mivart Cat 70 The very small space included between this last and the hamular process, is called the pterygoid fossa.
2. pterygoid chest, a form of the thorax in which the shoulder-blades stick out on each side.
1870S. Gee Auscult. & Percussion i. ii. 27 It is instructive to compare the raising of the shoulders and the non-prominence of the shoulder-blades with the opposite conditions in the opposite form of chest, the pterygoid. 1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 202 The first [abnormal form of chest] named alar or pterygoid by Galen and Arctæus and in our own day by Dr. Gee.
B. n.
a. The pterygoid bone.
b. Each of the pterygoid muscles.
[1693tr. Blancard's Phys. Dict. (ed. 2), Pterygoides, the Processes and Muscles of the Wedge-like Bone.] 1831R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 239 In the substance of a muscle, as in the masseter and pterygoid. 1854Owen Skel. & Teeth in Orr's Circ. Sc. I. Org. Nat. 179 The palatine and pterygoids forming the roof of the mouth. 1875Huxley in Encycl. Brit. I. 754/2 Each pterygoid is a triradiate bone.
So pteryˈgoidal a.; pteryˈgoidean a. (n.).
1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I. s.v. Pterigopalatinus, The Tendon of this passes over the Pterigoidal Process. 1843Penny Cycl. XXV. 58/2 The descending part of the parietal and pterygoïdean bones. Ibid. 59/1 The jugal proceeds from the posterior angle of the orbit..touching a little behind and below the pterygoïdean. 1851Mantell Petrifactions iii. §3. 199 Saurians without pterygoidal teeth. |