| 释义 |
▪ I. belay, v.|bɪˈleɪ|
Forms: 1 belecgan, 3–4 bi-, be-legge(n, 6– belay. pa. tense 1 beleᵹde, beléde, 3 bilæde, 4 -laide, 6 belaied, 7 -laid, (Naut.) 7– -layed. pa. pple. 1 beleᵹd, beléd, 3 bileȝȝd, 4 bi-, beleyd, -leid, 6 -layd, 6–7 -laied, 7 -laid, (Naut.) 7– -layed.
[OE. bi-, belęcgan:—OTeut. *bilagjan, in OHG. bileckan, bilegen, mod.G. belegen, Du. beleggen; f. bi-, be- + lagjan, in OE. lęcgan to lay. Prof. Skeat suggests that the nautical use may have been taken from Du. beleggen: cf. belage.]
†1. trans. To lay (a thing) about with other objects (i.e. by putting them about or around it); to surround, environ, invest, enclose, etc. with. Obs.
†a. lit.
a1000Andreas (Grein) 1562 We..ellþeódiᵹne..clommum beleᵹdon vitebendum! c1205Lay. 14223 [With a strip of hide] A-buten he bilæde muche del of londe. a1300Cursor M. 5739 Him þouȝte brennynge a tre As hit wiþ loue al were bileyde.
†b. fig.
c893K. ælfred Oros. iii. viii. §3 Papirus wæs mid Romanum swylces domes beled. 1606J. Raynolds Dolarnys Prim. 69 With many fauours, still thou didst belay mee.
†c. esp. To set about with (ornamentation), to lay with (a margin of gold, etc.). Cf. overlay.
c1200Ormin 8167 All þe bære wass bileȝȝd Wiþþ bætenn gold. 1577Dee Relat. Spir. i. (1659) 206 His robes all belayed with lace of gold. 1596Spenser F.Q. vi. ii. 5 A wood⁓mans iacket..Of Lincolne greene, belayd with silver lace.
†2. spec.
a. To beset with armed men; to besiege, invest, beleaguer. Obs.
c1320Sir Beves 3189 Themperur theroute us wille belegge. 1595Spenser Sonn. xiv, Those small forts which ye were wont belay. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 281 It was by King Stephen belaied once or twise with sieges. 1648G. Sandys Paraphr. Div. Poems, Deo Opt. Max., When Arabian Theeves belaid us round.
†b. To beset or line (a way or passage) with armed men so as to intercept an enemy; or with anything for the use of those who pass. Obs.
1603Knolles Hist. Turkes (1621) 945 Simon..had so belayed that strait, as that the Turkes could not..passe the same. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. vi. xlv. 156 Constantine..hasted from Rome, hauing belaid al the way with Posthorses for the purpose. a1639Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scot. ii. (1677) 44 Frederick..having belayed the ways made the Bishops..prisoners. 1698Dryden æneid ix. 515 The speedy Horse all passages belay.
†c. To waylay, lie in wait for (a person). Obs.
1470–85Malory Arthur (1816) I. 273 All kings and knights of king Arthur's part belayed him, and waited for him. 1603Knolles Hist. Turkes (1621) 717 He was by certain Spaniards..belaid upon the river Padus. 1760Sterne Tr. Shandy (1802) I. xviii. 70 Other cases of danger, which belay us in getting into the world.
†d. fig. To forestall, make preparations for. Obs.
1598Bacon Sacr. Medit. v. Ess. (Arb.) 109 They who..haue entred into a confidence that they had belayed all euents.
†3. To invest (words) with a sense or meaning.
†a. To explain or expound (in some way). Obs.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 67 Þet we seggeð and þus þa wordes we bi-leggeð. a1250Owl & Night. 903 Ȝet ich þe wile an oþer segge Ȝif þu hit const a riht bilegge.
†b. To gloze (so as to conceal meaning). Obs.
a1250Owl & Night. 672 He mot bi-hemmen and bi-legge. Ibid. 837 Alle thine wordes thu bileist, That hit thincth soth al that thu seist.
†c. ? To illustrate by evidence or action. Obs.
c1175Lamb. Hom. 65 Gif we þos bode þus bileggeð.
†4. (Predicated of the thing which lies around): To encircle, clasp or coil round (about). Obs.
c1340Cursor M. 1336 (Trin.) Þis tre..A nedder hit had aboute bileide. c1320R. Brunne Medit. 274 Sorwe ȝoure hertes haþ alle be leyd. [1836Landor Lett. Conserv. 86 Under the slightest whipping that ever belayed the shoulders of malefactor.]
5. a. Naut. To coil a running rope round a cleat, belaying pin, or kevel, so as to fasten or secure it; to fasten by so putting it round. Said especially of one of the small ropes, used for working the sails. Also in Mountaineering. Hence beˈlayed ppl. a.
1549Compl. Scot. vi. 41 Mak fast and belay. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ix. 42 To belay, is to make fast the ropes in their proper places. Ibid. ix. 38 Bits..are..placed abaft the Manger..to belay the Cable thereto. 1706Phillips, Belay or Belage [see belage]..Belay the Sheat, or Tack, i.e. fasten it to the Kennel, etc. 1762Falconer Shipwr. ii. 83 Taught aft the sheet they tally and belay. 1840R. Dana Bef. Mast. xxiii, The weather cross-jack braces and the lee main braces are each belayed together upon two pins. 1910J. M. Archer-Thomson Climbing in Ogwen District viii. 79 After belaying the rope to a bollard on the right, the second man can assist the leader to start. 1957Clark & Pyatt Mountaineering in Brit. ix. 160 Belayed by the third man, the second steadies the leader's foot. 1957R. G. Collomb Dict. Mountaineering 28 Belay, to tie oneself, as a stationary member of a roped party, to a firm rock projection..or to a piton, etc...in order to secure oneself and to afford a safeguard to the moving climber.
b. transf. To make fast, tie, secure.
1751Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) IV. lxxxvi. 23 Pipes had found it very difficult to keep him [Peregrine] fast belayed. 1802W. Giffard Juvenal ii. 84 The distaff, to a block belay'd. 1849Curzon Visits Monast. 376 The bridle, which was safely belayed to the pack-saddle.
c. Sailor's slang.
1796Dibdin Poor Jack ii, My timbers! what lingo he'd coil and belay. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. xxxi. (1878) 536 Belay there, and hearken. 1867Adm. Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 94 Belay there, stop! that is enough! Belay that yarn, we have had enough of it!
†6. intr. To lay about one (sc. blows). Obs. rare.
1598Yong Diana 109 They belaied about them, passing actiue and nimble in lending blowes.
†7. ? To lay down: but see allay v.1 14. Obs.
1562Turner Bathes 5 Youre wyne must be cleare and well belayd, accordinge vnto..the streingth and wekenes of the wyne.
▪ II. belay, n. Mountaineering.|bɪˈleɪ|
[f. belay v.]
A turn or fastening of a rope by belaying (see belay v. 5). Also attrib. and Comb.
1908Westm. Gaz. 12 June 5/1 A special knowledge of knots and roping method and belays might be their [sc. mountaineers'] only salvation. 1920G. Winthrop Young Mountain Craft v. 226 A very common position upon steep rock..is to turn face inward, and pass the rope round some belay-point from one hand to the other. 1957Clark & Pyatt Mountaineering in Brit. xiii. 212 The use of the shoulder belay, and the technique that went with it, became standardised. |