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Rowland Physics.|ˈrəʊlənd|
The name of H. A. Rowland (1848–1901), U.S. physicist, used attrib. and in the possessive to designate certain devices and concepts associated with his work, as Rowland('s) circle, a circle on which must lie the entrance slit, (curved) grating, and photographic plate of a spectrograph if all the spectral lines are to be brought to a focus on the plate; Rowland ghost, a spurious spectral line produced by a periodic error in the spacing of the lines of a diffraction grating; Rowland grating, a diffraction grating ruled on a machine built by Rowland; Rowland('s) mounting (see quot. 1966); Rowland ring, a torus made of a magnetic material whose properties it is wished to investigate and linked with a coil of current-carrying wire.
1932Jrnl. Optical Soc. Amer. XXII. 245 Symmetric adjustment of the grating about the point of tangency to the *Rowland circle. 1952R. W. Ditchburn Light vi. 196 If then a point source of light is placed at a point Q on the circle whose diameter is equal to the radius of the grating, and which touches the grating at its centre, the spectra will be focused along the circle. This circle is known as the ‘Rowland circle’. 1967G. W. Stroke in S. Flugge Handbuch der Physik XXIX. 477 Eq. (25.27) is clearly satisfied on Rowland's circle. Ibid., The best foci are obtained on the Rowland circle when the source is also placed on that circle.
1922Jrnl. Optical Soc. Amer. VI. 419 The separations of the *Rowland ghosts from the parent lines are readily deduced from the characteristics of the ruling engine. 1969D. Richardson in R. Kingslake Appl. Optics & Optical Engin. V. ii. 27 In contradistinction to Rowland ghosts, which usually arise from errors extending over large areas of the grating, each satellite usually originates from a small number of misplaced grooves in a localized part of the grating.
1910Phil. Mag. XX. 773, I had a polished flat plate of speculum metal, such as is used for making *Rowland gratings, silver-plated and polished. 1926R. W. Lawson tr. Hevesy & Paneth's Man. Radioactivity iv. i. 44 The grating space of a Rowland grating is about 10-4 cm. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia II. 235/1 Some Rowland gratings are still in use.
1901Physical Rev. XII. 10 The second grating..was of 21 ft. radius, 14,438 lines to the inch. It was arranged on *Rowland's mounting. 1914Astrophysical Jrnl. XL. 205 It provides for a grating of 15 ft. (4·57 m) radius, and, optically considered, is the Rowland mounting with the plane of the focal circle vertical. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. IV. 141/1 In the Rowland mounting, camera and grating are connected by a bar forming a diameter of the Rowland circle.
1953J. D. Kraus Electromagnetics v. 232 (caption) *Rowland-ring method of obtaining magnetization curve. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. VIII. 51/1 When the core of the Rowland ring is initially demagnetized, B = 0 and H = 0. |