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▪ I. rover1|ˈrəʊvə(r)|
Also 6–7 rouer, 6 roauer; Sc. rever.
[f. rove v.1 The Sc. form rever may stand for *raver, or be due to confusion with rover2 and reaver.]
1. a. Archery. A mark selected at will or at random, and not of any fixed distance from the archer. Also in later use, a mark for long-distance shooting (contrasted with butt). Most frequently in phr. (to shoot) at rovers.
α1468Coventry Leet Bk. 338 Hit is ordeyned..þat noman within þis Citie frohensfurth shote at Rovers, but at buttis & standyng prikkis. 1531Elyot Gov. (1580) 82 At rovers or pryckes, it is at his plesure that shoteth, howe faste or softly he listeth to goe. 1541–2Act 33 Hen. VIII, c. 9. §2 Noe Man under thage of xxiiij yeres shall shoote at any standinge prick excepte it be at a Rover whereat he shall chaunge at every shoote his marke. 1615Markham Country Contentm. 108 The Roauer is a marke incertaine,..and..must haue arrowes lighter or heauier, according to the distance. 1638J. Underhill News fr. Amer. in Mass. Hist. Colls. (1837) VI. 26 They..shot remote, and not point-blank, as we often do with our bullets, but at rovers. 1700Dryden Iliad i. 77 The god nine days the Greeks at rovers kill'd. 1728Ramsay Archers diverting themselves 1 The Rovers and the Butts you saw. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) II. 214/1 All these prizes are shot for at what is termed rovers, the marks being placed at the distance of 185 yards. 1819Scott Ivanhoe xiv, The distance between that station and the mark allowing full distance for what was called a shot at rovers. 1856Ford Archery 104 Concerning roving, or shooting at rovers, very few words will suffice.
βc1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) v. 44 To schute at buttis, at bankis and brais; Sum at the reveris, sum at the prikkis. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 340 The said Inglischemen sould schute aganis thame ether at prickis, reveris or at buttis.
b. fig., chiefly in phr. to shoot at rovers.
1551Cranmer Answ. Gardiner 63 Where you pretende to shoote at the butte, you shoote quite at the rouers, and cleane frome the marke. 1572Churchyard in J. Jones Bathes of Bathes Ayde To Rdr., At rovers they but shot their shafts. 1600Watson Decacordon (1602) 67 Note this, that popularitie is the rover they ayme at, in all their proceedings. 1661Glanvill Van. Dogm. 107 But Nature shoots not at Rovers. 1702Exam. Burnet's Expos. 39 Art. 34 He will be found to shoot all the while at Rovers, and wide of the Mark.
†c. A kind of arrow used in roving. Obs.
1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. x, Here be [arrows] of all sorts, flights, rouers, and butt-shafts. 1624Quarles Sion's Elegies iii. iv, His Bowe is bent, his forked Rouers flye.
d. attrib., as rover mark, rover-shooting, rover shot.
1566Withals Dict. 64 The rouer markes, incerta. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. iii. Colonies 118 Here, if I list, or lov'd I rover-shooting,..I could derive the lineall Descents Of all our Sires. 1643Herle Answ. Ferne 11 Such another rover shot as wide in the..extent of both the termes, as time it selfe Hath and Will. 1685Temple Ess., Gardens ii. 11 Perhaps..these fine Schemes would prove like Rover Shots, some nearer and some further off.
†2. at rovers (rarely at rover), without definite aim or object; at random, haphazard. Chiefly in phr. with run, talk, live, etc. Obs.
(a)1532More Confut. Barnes viii. Wks. 786/2 Either their dede and declaracion must nedes stande and be firme, or els all runne at rouers and nothing be certain or sure. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 56 Leat not your toung roon at rouer. 1625Bp. R. Montagu App. Cæsar 288 Walk at random and at rovers in your by-paths, if you please. 1697J. Sergeant Solid Philos. 362 Which, let loose to fly at rovers, are too hard for their Reason Unestablish'd by Principles.
(b)1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 288 b, Thy dooynges o Cato dooen more nere approche vnto the spirite of prophecie... Menyng that Cato talked at rouers. 1587Golding De Mornay xxvi. (1592) 405 These particularities..do euidently shew that Moyses speaketh not at rouers. 1606Sir Gyles Goosecappe i. i. in Bullen Old Pl. III. 11 A good bustling Gallant, talkes well at Rovers. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 337 After several Discourses at Rovers, he told me, He was very much troubl'd for me. 1725Wodrow Corr. (1843) III. 178 Unless I had then a fuller view of circumstances than I have, I can only talk at rovers in it.
(c)1555W. Watreman Fardle of Facions i. v. 55 The Kinges of Egipte..liued not at rouers as other kinges doe. a1658Cleveland Rebel Scot iii, Hence 'tis they live at Rovers and defie This, or that place, Rags of Geography. 1691J. Norris Pract. Disc. 3 A Man were better have no Mark before him, but live at Rovers.
(d)1611Cotgr., À veuë de païs, at random, roaming, at rouers, at large. 1654Vilvain Theorem. Theol. vii. 205 A giddy Ostrich..having laid hir first Eg at rovers on the sands. 1681–6J. Scott Chr. Life ii. 489 We must necessarily think of God at Rovers without any certain aim or rule to..direct our apprehensions.
3. a. One who roves or wanders, esp. to a great distance; a roving person or animal. Also spec. (see quot. 1944).
1611Shakes. Wint. T. i. ii. 176 Next to thy selfe, and my young Rouer, he's Apparant to my heart. 1700Blackmore xxxiv Ch. Isaiah 259 Vultures and all the rovers of the air To the red fields of slaughter shall repair. 1742Young Nt. Th. ix. 1612 Yet why drown Fancy in such depths as these? Return, presumptious rover! 1835W. Irving Tour Prairies 172 The Indian of the west is a rover of the plain. 1849Sk. Nat. Hist., Mammalia III. 70 These young rovers the French hunters call bêtes de compagnie. 1872Tennyson Last Tourn. 542 Harper, and thou hast been a rover too. 1933H. G. Wells Bulpington of Blup v. 177 They were to go as ‘Rovers’ to the Russian Ballet. 1944G. B. Shaw Everybody's Political What's What? xxxi. 279 Complaisant critics were welcomed in the theatre even when all the stalls were sold out and they had to be content as ‘rovers’ without allotted seats, sitting or standing about wherever they could.
transf.1895Workmans Algerian Mem. 29 We wheeled the rovers out, and mounted for our journey of over 1500 miles.
†b. An inconstant lover; a male flirt. Obs.
c1690Stepney Spell 4 Whene'er I wive,..Wit, beauty, wealth, and humour give, Or let me still a rover live. 1710Addison Tatler No. 157 §14 An old Friend of mine, who was formerly a Man of Gallantry and a Rover. a1721Prior Song xix, Phillis, give this Humour over,..I shall turn an errant Rover, If the favour's still refus'd.
c. Australian Rules Football (see quot. 19691). Rugby Football: formerly, an extra forward performing some of the functions of the scrum half and fly half. Amer. Football, a defensive linebacker who is assigned to move about to anticipate opponents' plays.
1894A. Sutherland in M. Shearman Athletics & Football (ed. 4) ii. vii. 422 The rover is an individual chosen for his quickness and readiness to go wherever he is wanted. He observes the turn of the game, and follows when he sees his own followers being over⁓weighted by their adversaries [in Australian Rules Football]. 1909E. G. Nicholls Mod. Rugby Game iv. 54 A fifth three-quarter..as the ‘rover’ or flying half is frequently styled. 1916Colliers 30 Dec. 30/3 He is all over the field as a rover, diagnosing the play quickly and with unfailing accuracy. a1917J. E. Raphael Mod. Rugby Football (1918) xvii. 225, I played ‘rover’ for England on a memorable day at the Crystal Palace. 1927Wakefield & Marshall Rugger ii. vi. 268 The formation used in New Zealand... In this formation..the outsides consist of the extra forward, who may be described either as a rover or a half-back, a scrum-half, two five-eighths, a centre, [etc.]... The rover puts the ball into the scrum, while the scrum-half stands at the base of the scrum to take it out. 1954J. B. G. Thomas On Tour 26 They [sc. the All Blacks] packed 2-3-2, with Gallaher acting as a ‘rover’, whose duty it was to put the ball into the scrum while the scrummage half back waited behind the scrum. 1969Eagleson & McKie Terminol. Austral. Nat. Football iii. 10 Rover, a member of the ruck, usually smaller than the other two members (followers), and selected for agility in capturing the ball. 1969Australian 24 May 39/4 Essendon has Barry Davis back as a ruck-rover, to help captain Don McKenzie, and this should strengthen the side's following division and provide more opportunities for rovers Bob Greenwood and Don Gross. 1970Univ. of Alabama Football Press Guide 17 The rover slot was very similar to linebacking. 1975Oxf. Compan. Sports & Games 385/1 A team [in Australian Rules Football] is made up of three full-forwards [etc., and]..the ‘ruck’. The ruck consists of two followers and a rover, who moves with the flow of play.
d. Formerly, a member of a senior branch of the Scout Association (see scout n.4 2 c). Also rover scout.
In 1967 this branch of the Scout Association was replaced by the venture scout branch (see quot. 1966).
1922R. Baden-Powell Rovering 210 Rovers are a Brotherhood of the Open Air and Service. 1933A. G. Macdonell England, their England xiii. 235 Lots of the young chaps are Rovers and don't drink so as to be an example to the Scouts and Cubs. 1959Chambers's Encycl. II. 481/2 The movement in Great Britain is divided into four groups: rover scouts, i.e. young men of 18 and over; [etc.]. 1966Times 10 June 11/1 The Scout Association will have three main sections—cub scouts.., aged 8 to 11; scouts, aged 11 to 16; and venture scouts (replacing senior scouts and rovers), aged 16 to 20. 1972K. Bonfiglioli Don't point that Thing at Me i. 7 His bedroom is..full of fresh air; just what you would wish your Rover Scout son's room to be.
e. The name given to an R.A.F. reconnaissance patrol flown in 1940 and 1941. Also attrib.
1942R.A.F. Jrnl. 3 Oct. 18 ‘Strike’ and ‘rover’ patrols were on the board every day. 1957R. Barker Ship-Busters ii. 35 The Rover was a roving commission, an armed reconnaissance against enemy shipping..carried out by a small number of aircraft working independently.
f. Also Rover, 'Rover. ellipt. A Land-Rover (see land n.1 12).
1961A. Wilson Old Men at Zoo iv. 207 You hop into the rover, Carter. You're frozen. 1973G. Moffat Lady with Cool Eye vi. 66 Slade was taking the spare wheel off the 'Rover's bonnet. 1975Country Life 13 Feb. 373/1 Some elderly sportsmen have high seats constructed on their ‘rovers’..for shooting.
4. Croquet.
a. (See quot. 1869.)
1869Laws Croquet 9 Rover, a ball that has gone through all its hoops and is ready to peg out. 1874Heath Croquet Player 81, I have seen many a game won, even when the adversary had both balls rovers, and the other side had scarcely started.
b. A player whose ball is a rover.
1874Heath Croquet Player 71 The adversary is supposed..to be a good player, and likely, if he gets in, to make a long break, become a rover.
5. A remote-controlled surface vehicle for extraterrestrial exploration.
[1967Jrnl. Spacecraft & Rockets IV. 209/1 A dynamic analysis in preliminary design of a lunar roving vehicle should have at least two basic aspects.] 1970Science Jrnl. Jan. 16 The first rover is scheduled to take four trips of up to 32 km each with travel limited to 4·8 km radius from the landing site. 1971[see moon buggy s.v. moon n.1 16]. 1971Nature 19 Nov. 125/3 The rover had a responsive steering, and..climbed slopes where the dust layer was deep enough to make walking difficult. 1972[see lunar a. and n. A. 1 c]. 1978Sci. Amer. Mar. 89/3 Another possibility is an unmanned surface rover capable of traversing hundreds of kilometers over a period of several years, which would be able to analyze the regolith in more detail than any satellite in orbit could.
▪ II. rover2|ˈrəʊvə(r)|
Also 4 rovere, 5 rovare, rowar, 5–7 rouer.
[a. MDu. or MLG. rover, f. roven to rob: see reaver.]
1. A sea-robber, pirate.
In later use tending to coalesce with rover n.1 3.
1390Gower Conf. I. 359 It fell per chance upon a day A Rovere of the See was nome. 1436Libel Eng. Policy in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 164 Of this Bretayn..Are the grettest rovers and the grettest thevys that have bene in the see many oone yere. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. vi. (1885) 123 It shalbe nescessarie þat the kynge haue alway some ffloute apon the see, ffor the repressynge off rovers. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 91 The kynges subiectes..were greuously spoyled and robbed on the sea, by Frenchemen, Scottes and other rouers. 1576Fleming Panopl. Ep. 385 You are in peril of Pyrates and Rouers to spoyle you. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage v. ix. (1614) 609 Algier hauing beene of olde, and still continuing a receptacle of Turkish Rouers. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxiii. 81 This Rover, believing that we were Chineses, came and assailed us with two great Juncks. 1700S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 193 These Rovers had several Oars with them. 1752Hume Ess. & Treat. (1777) I. 552 The early Romans really exercised piracy,..and.., like the Sallee and Algerine rovers, were actually at war with most nations. 1807G. Chalmers Caledonia I. iii. vii. 378 The Danish rovers had also considerable establishments at Waterford. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xv. III. 547 To ransom a Christian captive from a Sallee rover was..a highly meritorious act. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. I. 295 There appears by his side another rover of the North.., the famous Olaf Tryggwesson.
†b. A pirate ship; a privateer. Obs.
1590E. Webbe Trav. (Arb.) 19, I went againe into Russia..: in which our voyage we met with v. Rovers or men of war, whom we set vppon, and burnt their Admirall. 1692Luttrell Brief Rel. (1857) II. 423 Algier, 12 March. All our rovers except 2 are laid up, and the men employed in the army. 1720De Foe Capt. Singleton i. (1906) 3 Coming home again from the banks of Newfoundland, we were taken by an Algerine rover, or man-of-war. 1726Adv. Capt. R. Boyle (1768) 21 We found ourselves within half a Mile of a Rover of Barbary.
†2. A marauder, robber. Obs.
1550Bale Eng. Votaries ii. H iiij, Anselmus..obstinately withstode him to the very face like a ruffelinge rouer. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 2286/1 Thomas Horton iourneying..between Mastrick and Cullen, chanced to be taken there by certayne Rouers. 1609Bible (Douay) 2 Kings xiii. 20 The rovers of Moab came into the land the same yeare. 1638R. Brathwait Barnabees Jrnl. iii. (1818) 99 As these privately conferred, A rover took them unprepared. a1707S. Patrick Autobiogr. (1839) 7 They declared neither for King or parliament; intending only to stand upon their guard against rovers.
▪ III. rover3|ˈrəʊvə(r)|
[f. rove v.3]
1. One who makes cotton, etc., into roves; an attendant at a roving-frame.
1742Richardson De Foe's Tour Gt. Brit. (ed. 3) III. 165 On the first Stage were the Teazer, Carder, Rover, Spinner, Reeler of the Cotton Wool. 1881Daily News 17 Nov. 2/5 The rovers and slubbers got 8s. a week, and they are getting 14s. a week now. 1885Manch. Exam. 7 Apr. 4/4 A carder and..a rover were remanded on a charge of setting fire to..the mill.
2. A roving-frame.
1897Traill's Social England VI. 73 In the preparing frames, known as slubbers or rovers, the bobbins were necessarily large and weighty. |