| 释义 |
▪ I. hoard, n.1|hɔəd|
Forms: α. 1–4 hord, 4–6 horde, 5–7 (8 Sc.) hoord, 6 hoorde, 7– hoard; β. north. 4 Sc. hwrde, 4–5 (6 Sc.) hurd, 4–7 hurde, 7– Sc. huird.
[OE. hord = OS. hord treasure, hidden inmost place, OHG., MHG. hort, ON. hodd, Goth. huzd treasure:—OTeut. *hozdom, pre-Teut. *kuzdhó-; perh. from *kudhto- pple., concealed, hidden (Kluge). The usual 16–17th c. forms hoord, hurde, Sc. huird, imply an early lengthening of OE. o to ō as in board, ford; hoard is rare before 18th c.]
1. An accumulation or collection of anything valuable hidden away or laid by for preservation or future use; a stock, store, esp. of money; a treasure.
Beowulf (Z.) 2284 Ða wæs hord rasod onboren beaᵹa hord. Ibid. 3012 Ac þær is maðma hord. 937Poem on æthelstan 10 in O.E. Chron., Hi æt campe..land ealᵹodon, hord and hamas. c975Rushw. Gosp. Matt. vi. 19 Ne hydeþ eow hord in eorþe þær om and mohþa etaþ. a1100Ags. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 337/11 Thesaurus, hord. c1200Ormin 6733 Rihht all swa summ hord off gold Mang menn iss horde deresst. a1225Ancr. R. 224 Heo gedereð hord. a1300Cursor M. 22179 For all þe hordes [Gött. hurdes] þar ar hid Sal hali in his time be kid. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Laurentius 178 Spere besyly Quhare are þe hurdis þat has he. c1425Wyntoun Cron. vii. ix. 103 Na þai of þame made na hurde. c1440Promp. Parv. 246/2 Hoord, tresowre. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. iv. i. 40 A venturous Fairy, That shall seeke the Squirrels hoard. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. Table 65 b, The fraudfull conceling of ane huird, or thresour. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth v. (1723) 265 This Hoord..that was stowed in the Strata underneath. 1764Goldsm. Trav. 195 While his lov'd partner, boastful of her hoard, Displays her cleanly platter on the board. 1851D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) II. iv. iii. 262 A large hoard of coins was discovered. 1859Tennyson Enid 352 Our hoard is little, but our hearts are great.
b. fig. Said of intangible things treasured or valuable, things concealed or kept secret; now esp. an amassed stock (of facts, etc.).
a900Cynewulf Crist 1055 in Exeter-bk., Se mæra dæᵹ hreðer-locena hord, heortan ᵹeþohtas ealle ætyweð. a1000Cædmon's Gen. 1602 Oð þæt breosta hord, gast,..gangan sceolde to godes dome. a1000in Mone Gl. 417 Arcana, hordas, ᵹeryne. a1000Psalm (Cotton) I. 28 (Gr.) His synna hord selfa ontende. c1200Ormin 12920 Soþfasstnessess hord Þatt all mannkinn birrþ sekenn. a1300Cursor M. 19214 Vte o þair hali hertes hord Spedli þai speld godds word. 1340Ayenb. 263 Hous..in huychen þe uader of house woneþ, þe hord of uirtues gadereþ. c1440J. Capgrave Life St. Kath. iii. 1503 God sende vs alle, of vnyte þe hord. 1635R. Bolton Comf. Affl. Consc. iv. 20 A heavenly hoard of grace, good conscience, Gods favour. 1764Goldsm. Trav. 58 To see the hoard of human bliss so small. 1805Wordsw. Waggoner iv. 179 A hoard of grievances. 1847–8H. Miller First Impr. xix. (1857) 339 He accumulates much larger hoards of facts.
†2. The place in which anything is hidden, hoarded, or stored up; a repository; a hiding-place, store; a treasury. Also fig. Obs.
In the phrase in (or on) hoard, the sense fluctuates between the deposit, the repository in which it is stored up, and the state or condition of being hoarded (sense 3).
a1200Moral Ode 259 Þe wreche mon binom his ehte and leide his on horde. 1258Proclam. Hen. III, We senden ȝew þis writ open iseined wiþ vre seel to halden a manges ȝew inehord [v.r. ine hord]. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints, Johannes 42 [He] prechit furth ay goddis word, Þat he had plentiusly ine hurd. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 316 Widnesse of siche cloþis is an hord to hyde synnes. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋747 It is the deueles hoord, ther he hideth hym and resteth. c1400Destr. Troy 11539 All my gold..þat I getyn haue, Kepid in hurd, holdyn full long. 1577Hellowes Gueuara's Chron. 297 He was the hoorde of al my profound secretts. 1611Cotgr., Musse, a secret corner, priuie hoord, hiding hole. 1663Gerbier Counsel 22 If the building cannot suffer the Chimney to be made even with the upright of the wall, both sides may be made up to serve for hoards. [1837Keightley Hist. Eng. I. 29 The Cambrian princes had..to pay yearly twenty pounds weight of gold, and two hundred of silver into the hoard of treasury of the ‘King of London’. 1876Freeman Norm. Conq. V. xxiv. 383 The sums which went into, and which, when it was needed, came out of, the hoard of the English King. 1883Green Conq. Eng. 403 note, The ‘Hoard’ (not yet the ‘Exchequer’) in Eadward's time was settled at Winchester.]
†3. Hoarding up. Obs.
c1390Chaucer Truth 3 For horde haþe hate, and clymbyng tykelnesse.
4. Comb., as hoard-burg (mod. archaism, for OE. hordburᵹ), treasure city; † hoard-house, treasure-house, treasury (obs.); hoard-ward (for OE. hordweard), guardian of a hoard, treasurer.
c1440Promp. Parv. 502/1 Tresowrye, erarium..an hoordhowse. 1892S. A. Brooke E.E. Lit. iii. 75 The hoard-ward knew the voice of a man. 1895Morris Beowulf 17 The gem-rich hoard-burg of the heroes.
▪ II. hoard, n.2 Now rare or Obs.
Also 8 hourd, 9 hord.
[app. a modern ad. AngloFr. hurdis (see hurdis, hurdice) mistaken for a plural of *hurd: see the quot. from Liber Albus. But cf. also obs. F. hourd scaffold (Cotgr.), in OF. hurt, hourt, hourd, palisade, of which hourdis, hurdis was a deriv.]
= hoarding n.
[1419Liber Albus (1859) I. 477 Item, qe nulle hurdys, ne palys, nautre cloysure, soit fait devaunt nulle tenement en les hautes rewes ou venelles en la citee (Riley's marg. note Hoards or palings not to be erected before houses).] 1757Act 31 Geo. II, c. 17 §7 No Builder or other Person, shall erect or set up..in any of the public Streets..any Hourd or Fence. 1810Hull Improv. Act 51 Hords or fences to be erected where buildings are taken down. 1836Smart, Hoard,..a fence enclosing a house and materials while builders are at work. 1838F. W. Simms Pub. Wks. Gt. Brit. 5 The hoard is to consist of uprights six inches by four inches scantling.
▪ III. hoard, v.|hɔəd|
Forms: α. 1 hordian, 3 (Orm.) hordenn, 4 horde, 4–6 hoorde, (6 whord), 6–7 hourd(e, (hord), 6–7 (8 Sc.) hoord, 7– hoard; β. Sc. and north. 6 hurde, 6– hurd.
[OE. hordian, f. hord hoard n.1 (Cf. Goth. huzdjan, OHG. gihurten, MHG. gehürten, MG. gehorden, which belong to a different conjugation.)]
1. trans. To amass and put away (anything valuable) for preservation, security, or future use; to treasure up: esp. money or wealth.
c1000ælfric Hom. II. 104 Hordiað eowerne goldhord on heofenum. c1200Ormin 12281 Grediȝliȝ to sammnenn all & hordenn þatt tu winnesst. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 98 b, To helpe other with them, and not inordynately to hoorde & kepe them. 1530Palsgr. 588/2, I hourde, je amasse. Declared in ‘I hoorde’. 1535Coverdale Prov. xi. 26 Who so hoordeth vp his corne, shalbe cursed amonge the people. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. v. 36 Whorded and heaped up. a1550in Dunbar's Poems (1893) 306 Gif thow hes a benefice, Preiss nevir to hurde the kirkis gude. 1573G. Harvey Letter-bk. (Camden) 8 He did not wel to hord it up. 1583Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 68 Theere Troian treasur is hurded. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 136 The Granaries of Joseph: wherein he hoorded corne. 1635A. Stafford Fem. Glory (1869) 124 Whereof the Rich hide and hoard up their wealth. 1702Addison Dial. Medals (1727) 25 Hoording up such pieces of money. 1840Hood Kilmansegg, Moral, Gold! Gold! Gold! Gold!..Hoarded, barter'd, bought and sold. 1878Jevons Prim. Pol. Econ. 22 If the rich man actually hoards up his money in the form of gold or silver, he gets no advantage from it.
b. absol.
c1000ælfric Hom. I. 66 Seðe hordað, and nat hwam he hit ᵹegadarað. a1300E.E. Psalter xxxviii. 7 [xxxix. 6] He hordes, and he wate noght To wham þat he samenes oght. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. x. 38 He..Ne car'd to hoord for those whom he did breede. 1842Tennyson Ulysses 5 A savage race, That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me. 1860Emerson Cond. Life, Wealth Wks. (Bohn) II. 349 They should own who can administer; not they who hoard and conceal.
2. fig. and transf. To keep in store, cherish, treasure up, conceal (e.g. in the heart).
1340Ayenb. 182 Þet greate lost þet god hordeþ and wyteþ to ham þet ouercomeþ þe aduersetes of þise wordle. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 321 Crist..lokyng on þe citee..wepte þer upon for greet synne þat it hoordede. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. xi. 43 The goodly Barow which doth hoord Great heapes of salmons in his deepe bosome. 1699Dryden Ep. to J. Driden 117 You hoard not health for your own private use; But on the public spend the rich produce. 1789Burke Corr. (1844) III. 119 Revenge will be smothered and hoarded. 1821B. Cornwall Mirandola iv. i, Half of the ills we hoard within our hearts Are ills because we hoard them. 1870Morris Earthly Par. I. i. 370.
†3. intr. in reflexive or passive sense: To lie treasured up, lie hid. Obs. rare.
1567Turberv. Epit. & Sonn. Wks. (1837) 300 In common weales what beares a greater sway Than hidden hate that hoordes in haughtie brest? |