| 释义 |
† ˈbaxter Obs. or dial.
Forms: 1 bæcestre, -istre, -ystre, 2–3 bakestre, 4–5 bakestir, bacstare, 5 baxstere, backstare, 6–7 backster, baxster, 7 bakster, 5– baxter.
[OE. bæcestre, fem. of bæcere, f. bacan to bake: see -ster. A true feminine in origin, and used of women as late as 16th c.; but already in OE. used also of men (see Gen. xl. 1, of a eunuch), and in ME. used of both sexes, as the Vocabularies expressly show; in later use only masculine, being the regular northern, and esp. Sc, equivalent of baker, in which use it still lingers dialectally. In 16th c. a new feminine backstr-ess was formed upon it; cf. songstress, seamstress.]
A baker: a. applied to women.
1390Test. Ebor. (1836) I. 143 Lego Matildæ bakestir j. goune. c1425Gloss. in Wright Voc. 194 Hic [? hec] pandoxatrix, bacstare. c1450Ibid. 215 Hec pistrix, a baxter. a1550Thersytes in Four Old Plays (1848) 81 The backster of Balockburye with her baking pele.
b. without distinction of sex. Apparently not used in southern English after 1400.
c1000ælfric Gen. xl. 1, 2 Tweᵹen afyryde men..Egypta cynges byrle and his bæcistre..his byrlas oþer his bæcestran. c1150Gloss. in Wright Voc. 93 Pistor, bakestre, 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. Prol. 218 Baxsteres & brewesteres, and bocheres manye. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. 55 Plauctus..was compelled for to dwel with a baxter. c1550J. Balfour Practicks (1754) 15 The Baxter, for his fie, fiue pundis. 1753Scots Mag. Apr. 206/1 Mr. Robert Bartleman, baxter. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. vi. note, One in appearance a baxter, i.e. a baker's lad, handed her out of her chair. |