| 释义 |
pseudo-
(sjuːdəʊ, formerly also ps-)
before a vowel usually pseud-, repr. the Gr. combining element ψευδο-, ψευδ-, ‘false, falsely’, from stem of ψευδ-ής adj. false, ψεῦδ-ος falsity, falsehood, ψεύδ-ειν to deceive, cheat, ψεύδ-εσθαι to be false, speak falsely. Forming in Greek many compounds; with ns., as ψευδοµάρτυς, -τυρ false witness, ψευδαπόστολος a false apostle or messenger, ψευδάριθµος a false number, ψευδάργυρος mock-silver; with adjs. or adj. formatives = falsely, as ψευδολόγος speaking falsely, ψευδόπλουτος feigned to be rich; and sometimes with verbs, as ψευδοποιεῖν to falsify.
Some of these Gr. substantives and adjectives were adopted in later Latin, esp. terms of natural history, as pseudanchūsa bastard alkanet, pseudosphēx false wasp, pseudosmaragdus false emerald, and words of Christianity, as pseudapostolus, pseudochrīstus, pseudoprophēta, etc. In later times, pseudo- was prefixed also to L. words, as pseudoflāvus bastard yellow, pseudoliquidus, pseudopastor (Jerome). Thence it bacame common in med.L., as in pseudodoctor, pseudonuncius, etc.: see Du Cange.
In English, pseudo- appears first in Wyclif, viz. in adaptations of L. words of the Vulgate, as pseudo-Christ, pseudoprophet, and in words formed after these, as pseudo-clerk, pseudo-frere (= friar), pseudo-priest. Few examples occur in the 15th and 16th c., and in these pseudo was usually written separately, as an adj.: see prec. word. But after 1600 the combination of pseudo- with a n. became common: at least 20 examples appear before 1700, and 20 more before 1800. By 1800 pseudo- had become a living element prefixable at will, instead of the adjective false or spurious, to any n., and the examples during the 19th c. are very numerous. To adjectives pseudo- began to be prefixed in the 17th c.; but examples are not numerous till the 19th c., when the use with an adj. became nearly as free as with a n.
In this dictionary, words in pseudo- are dealt with in three groups: 1. Those in which the two elements have their obvious and ordinary sense, pseudo- being thus equivalent to an adj. or adv.
2. Scientific and technical terms, not in general use, in which either the element with which pseudo- is combined, is not a separate word in English, or if it is, the combination is a permanent term, with a special meaning.
3. Important combinations and compounds, in general use, or of long history, or having derivatives: these are treated as Main words.
1. Prefixed to any noun or adjective, forming combinations, often nonce-wds., with the sense ‘false, pretended, counterfeit, spurious, sham, falsely so called or represented; falsely, spuriously, apparently but not really’. Here pseudo- is properly hyphened.
a. Prefixed to ns. pseudo-antithesis, pseudo-argument, pseudo-art, pseudo-artist, pseudo-ascetic, pseudo-bible, pseudo-book, pseudo-chemist, pseudo-Clementine, pseudo-clerk, pseudo-communism, pseudo-communist, pseudo-conversation, pseudo-criticism, pseudo-definition, pseudo-democracy, pseudo-difficulty, pseudo-education, pseudo-emotion, pseudo-enthusiast, pseudo-fact, pseudo-folk (in quots. attrib.), pseudo-Freud, pseudo-friar, pseudo-gentility, pseudo-gentleman, pseudo-grammar, pseudo-historicity, pseudo-history, pseudo-intellectual, pseudo-isle, pseudo-knowledge, pseudo-language, pseudo-legislator, pseudo-life, pseudo-linguistics, pseudo-literature, pseudo-logic, pseudo-medic, pseudo-minister, pseudo-moralist, pseudo-morality, pseudo-Moses, pseudo-mystic, pseudo-mysticism, pseudo-need, pseudo-Nicodimite, pseudo-objectivity, pseudo-parson, pseudo-passive, pseudo-passivization, pseudo-patriot, pseudo-patron, pseudo-perspective, pseudo-philanthropist, pseudo-philosopher, pseudo-philosophy, pseudo-politician, pseudo-presager, pseudo-priest, pseudo-principle, pseudo-procedure, pseudo-proverb, pseudo-question, pseudo-religion, pseudo-simplicity, pseudo-theologician (obs.), pseudo-theology, pseudo-thesis, pseudo-word, pseudo-zealot, etc.
1949Koestler Insight & Outlook xi. 169 The biological approach..makes these appear..as a typical pseudoantithesis.
1943Mind LII. 139 The methodological unification here attempted..helps to eliminate pseudo-arguments. 1977Theology May 173 That ‘many people would prefer’ to do something is an alarmingly Benthamite pseudo⁓argument.
1960Encounter Mar. 83/1 The dull air of acedia that hangs over the mass pseudo-arts.
1934Dylan Thomas Let. Dec. (1966) 147 This is the quarter of the pseudo-artists.
1711Shaftesbury Charac. (1737) I. 165 These may be term'd a sort of pseudo-asceticks.
1809Byron Bards & Rev. viii, O'er taste awhile these pseudo-bards prevail.
1835Southey Doctor Interch. ix. III. 27 As justly entitled to the name of the Koran as the so called pseudo-bible itself.
1928D. H. Lawrence Let. 1 Apr. (1932) 718 That was very nice of you, to send me that little pseudo-book full of red gold.
1674G. Thomson (title) Ὀρθοµέθοδος Ἰατρο-χυµικὴ..The Character of an Ortho-Chymist and Pseudo-Chymist.
1879Farrar St. Paul II. 54 Those who..vented their hatred of Paul in the Pseudo-Clementines. [Cf. Ibid. I. 677 The forgeries known as the Clementine Homilies, the Clementine Recognitions.]
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 200 And so pseudo-clerkes..spuylen symple men as wolves doone sheepe.
1945Koestler Yogi & Commissar iii. iii. 225 The spreading of Russian pseudo⁓communism over Europe can be stopped only by a true socialist movement. 1948Civil & Mil. Gaz. (Lahore) 11 Apr. 1/1 Nineteen workers of the Lahore Mint, suspected to be Communists or pseudo-Communists, were arrested.
1926D. H. Lawrence Glad Ghosts 30 The pseudo-conversation was interrupted.
1951N. Frye in D. Lodge 20th Cent. Lit. Crit. (1972) 423 The literary chit-chat which makes the reputations of poets boom and crash in an imaginary stock exchange is pseudo-criticism.
1956J. H. Woodger tr. Tarski's Logic, Semantics, Metamath. 285 The sentences under (2), clearly related to the axiom of reducibility of Principia Mathematica, can be called pseudodefinitions in accordance with the proposal of S. Leśniewski. 1965Language XLI. 37 Looked on as a theory, traditional grammar consists of primitive notions only. Its definitions are pseudodefinitions, mere embellishments.
1960Koestler Lotus & Robot i. v. 161 The result is a pseudo-democracy in a political vacuum. 1977M. Edelman Polit. Lang. vii. 130 One of the few psychiatrists to examine such meetings as political phenomena concludes that the self-government is in fact ‘pseudodemocracy’.
1905W. James Ess. Radical Empiricism (1912) xi. 254 Closely connected with this pseudo-difficulty is another one of wider scope and greater complication. 1963J. Lyons Structural Semantics ii. 18 A pseudo-difficulty created by posing a pseudo-question.
1901Daily Chron. 9 Sept. 3/7 Pseudo-education is spoiling born workers and stifling thinkers in the birth.
1949Koestler Insight & Outlook xv. 206 The scientist..dismissed them with a shrug as pseudoemotions and purely conventional attitudes.
1751Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) II. lxiii. 192 This pseudo-enthusiast proposed to visit the great church.
1787Jefferson Writ. (1859) II. 240 These Pseudo⁓evangelists pretended to inspiration.
1938R. G. Collingwood Princ. Art iv. 61 He would not have based his theory on a pseudo-fact. 1972S. Fisher Female Orgasm (1973) xv. 390 A tremendous volume of pseudofact is being transmitted to people of all age levels about the nature of sexual response.
1962Times 25 July 13/1 The reach-me-down pseudo-folk poetry. 1976A. Murray Stomping Blues xi. 212 No less pretentious..are those pseudo-folk blues musicians.
1951M. Lowry Let. 25 Aug. (1967) 252 You might call it pseudo-Freud and the philosophy of ‘nothing but’. 1963Times Lit. Suppl. 31 May 391/2 The mystique is Victorian home⁓life made..intellectually respectable by pseudo-Freud.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 176 Siche novelries of pseudo-freris shulden prelatis and alle men aȝen stonden.
1853Hawthorne Eng. Note-Bks. (1883) I. 418 They..have no pseudo-gentility to support.
1821New Monthly Mag. 304, I..propose..that we use the term Pseudo-Gentleman, to signify gentleman in its..abused sense.
1927L. Bloomfield in C. F. Hockett Leonard Bloomfield Anthol. (1970) 190 Prescientific notions about language, with the dismal study of pseudo-grammar, still prevail in our schools.
1935Mind XLIV. 407 For the general public of Goethe's day (including Goethe himself and other imaginative writers) the concept ‘Hellenic’ was as little historical as is that of ‘Aryan’ for the modern Nazis;..like it, it entailed a terrific parade of pseudo-historicity. 1958T. F. T. Plucknett Early Eng. Legal Lit. i. 11 Then there is the pseudo-historicity of our law.
1880A. H. Sayce Introd. Sci. of Lang. II. ix. 239 An attempt was made to extract a pseudo-history from the Greek myths. 1946R. G. Collingwood Idea of Hist. 180 Meyer's great merit lies in his effective criticism of the openly positivistic sociological pseudo-history fashionable in his time. 1973B. J. Williams Evolution & Human Origins iv. 48/2 These taxonomies were used, in turn, to construct pseudo⁓histories.
1938Sun (Baltimore) 16 Apr. 8 Attacks on the profit motive by many of the pseudo-intellectuals who have supported and colored so much of the Administration's policy in the past. 1977P. Johnson Enemies of Society xvi. 218 The fatuous Mary Wimbush, the pseudo⁓intellectual.
1844in Archæol. Jrnl. (1845) I. 347 The pseudo⁓isle of Purbeck.
1842W. Newnham Reciprocal Influence of Body & Mind ii. 24 That pseudo-knowledge..would leave its possessor without a single ray of duty. 1957C. Day Lewis Poet's Way of Knowledge 16 If you like to think of science as ‘knowledge’, and poetry as at best some kind of ‘pseudo-knowledge’, no one can stop you, but you will be thinking in terms unacceptable to many scientists today. 1979Dædalus Spring 15 The critics accuse the positivists of surreptitiously..transforming a pseudo⁓knowledge into a power which..can only be exerted ‘in the interests of the dominant class’.
1960Pseudolanguage [see interlanguage n.]. 1978Amer. Speech LIII. 61 Samarin suggests that glossolalia is on the same continuum as actual language and is closely related to other kinds of ‘pseudolanguage’ which can be produced by any sufficiently uninhibited person who is merely playing with language-like sounds.
1802–12Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. (1827) V. 617 Whether in the character of legislator or pseudo-legislator.
1942F. Brown in Unknown Worlds Mar. 6/2 A formula for giving pseudolife to inanimate objects. 1978G. A. Sheehan Running & Being ii. 32 His solution..is not to impersonate the achiever... This would be a pseudolife.
1962H. A. Gleason in Householder & Saporta Probl. in Lexicogr. 86 The reaction to popular pseudo-linguistics. 1964M. A. K. Halliday et al. Linguistic Sci. i. 6 Workers in other fields have gone on working with their own do-it-yourself pseudo-linguistics, being content..with inexact observations and ad hoc categories. 1972Language XLVIII. 438 It is indicative of Arens' conservatism and his appreciation of neo-Humboldtian pseudo-linguistics in Germany that he should expand this last chapter.
1944Mind LIII. 185 He therefore can only distinguish ‘true literature’ (the expression and communication of an experience) from ‘pseudo⁓literature’ (e.g. advertisement, propaganda, pot-boiling, Collingwood's ‘magic’ and ‘entertainment’). 1964Listener 9 Jan. 61/1 How can John Raymond in The Sunday Times deal with seven volumes of verse in just over 1,000 words?.. He can afford to generalize and chat, and in this way he provides a kind of pseudo-literature.
1960K. Amis New Maps of Hell i. 21 Time travel..is inconceivable, but..an apparatus of pseudo-logic..is set up to support it.
1657Tomlinson Renou's Disp. 130 He derides the Vanity..of the Pseudomedick.
1680G. Hickes Spirit of Popery 2 This Rebellious Pseudo-Minister.
1964A. Wykes Gambling ii. 50 The Victorian pseudo-moralists who screamed..of the dangers of drink and gambling were for the most part unthinking pleasure⁓stiflers.
1943Mind LII. 19 This is the morality of obedience at its best and surest. Doubtless it is easily confused with the pseudo-morality of sanctions.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 158 Nicephorus mentioneth a Pseudo-Moses of the Iewes..destroied..with his Complices in a like rebellion.
1961Encounter Feb. 78 Hugh Kingsmill described Lawrence as ‘a pseudo-mystic’.
1964P. F. Anson Bishops at Large ix. 344 The pseudo-mysticism propagated by Mrs Besant and leading members of the Theosophical Society.
1960Commentary June 472/2 The continual creation of pseudo⁓needs as a basis for production. 1979Time 8 Jan. 72/3 Lasch detects narcissism nearly everywhere, in the buzz words of the ‘human potential’ movements, in the ‘pseudo needs’ created by advertisers for restless consumers.
a1658J. Durham Exp. Rev. xiv. i. 500 This doctrine was urged against the Pseudo-nicodimites.
1946Koestler in New Writing & Daylight vii. 82 Novels date more than drama and poetry. The reason for this is the novel's pseudo-objectivity. 1973Matias & Willemen tr. M. Cegarra in Screen Spring/Summer 185 The pseudo-objectivity of the film.
1753Smollett Ct. Fathom (1784) 208/2 The pseudo-parson was very much affected by this generous proffer.
1964Language XL. 77 Smx2 marks indefinite voice, or pseudopassive. 1965N. Chomsky Aspects of Theory of Syntax ii. 104 It is now possible to account for ‘pseudo-passives’, such as ‘the proposal was vehemently argued against’,..by a slight generalization of the ordinary passive transformation. Ibid. 106 Where ‘on the boat’ is a V[erb]-Complement in ‘John decided on the boat’ (meaning ‘John chose the boat’), it is subject to pseudopassivization by the passive transformation.
1755Monitor No. 1. I. 8 Pseudo-patriots, who under the mask of liberty and public virtue, concealed their self-interested..designs.
1768Blackstone Comm. III. xvi. 248 The writ of quare impedit commands the disturbers, the bishop, the pseudo-patron, and his clerk, to permit the plaintiff to present a proper person..to such a vacant church.
1851Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. xx. 213 Inlaid with mock arcades in pseudo-perspective.
1887Daily News 19 Oct. 2/7 The artisans' dwellings..the sites of which were sold to pseudo-philanthropists so cheaply.
1828Disraeli Voy. Capt. Popanilla iv. 35 A state of existence which has puzzled many pseudo philosophers. 1842W. Newnham Reciprocal Influence of Body & Mind 159 It is also employed by many pseudo⁓philosophers as a convenient term. 1966Eng. Stud. XLVII. 154 In the mid-twentieth century the typical Bohemian has become the beatnik poet or pseudo⁓philosopher.
1817Jane Austen Sanditon (1925) vii. 92 It were Hyper-criticism, it were Pseudo-philosophy to expect from the soul of high toned Genius, the grovellings of a common mind.
1838–9Hallam Hist. Lit. III. iii. iii. §18. 13 A dogmatic pseudo-philosophy, like that of Paracelsus.
1897Pseudo-philosophy [see irrationalist].
1743Pope Dunc. Mock-Advt., A certain Pretender, Pseudo-Poet, or Phantom, of the name of Tibbald.
1628Burton Anat. Mel. i. iii. ii. iv. (ed. 3) 195 So must I needs..bitterly taxe those tyrannising Pseudopolititians. 1649Heylin Relat. & Observ. ii. To Rdr., A Combination or Faction of Pseudo-Polititians, and Pseudo-Theologitians, Heretics and Schismaticks.
1652Gaule Magastrom. 365 Praestigious sacrificers, and pseudo⁓presagers.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. II. 173 Ȝif pseudo-preestis prechen amys.
1879W. James in Mind IV. 337 Illusory simplification..is made by invoking some sham term, some pseudo-principle, and conglomerating it and the data into one.
1964M. A. K. Halliday et al. Linguistic Sci. vii. 218 Where he has learned..such a sheer quantity of linguistic material..testing all of it becomes a ‘pseudo⁓procedure’; it just cannot be done. 1965Language XLI. 206 Scholastic pseudo-procedures of discovery.
1949Koestler Insight & Outlook vii. 101 A similar pseudo⁓proverb is, ‘He never works between meals’.
1934R. Carnap Unity of Sci. 40 The danger may arise of being diverted by the material mode of speech into considering pseudo-questions. 1947D. Rynin Johnson's Treat Lang. 353 On this assumption, ‘Is everything known to God?’ is for us not a genuine question, but a pseudo-question. 1963Pseudo-question [see pseudo-difficulty above].
1927A. Huxley Proper Stud. 220 There is a powerful religion, or rather pseudo-religion, of sexual purity. 1956R. C. Zaehner in A. Pryce-Jones New Outl. Mod. Knowl. 66 The modern pseudo-religions the most obvious of which was Hitlerism. 1969Daily Tel. 24 Apr. 20/3 The pseudo⁓religion of Social Justice.
1931E. Sapir in Amer. Mercury XXII. 205/2 The simplicity of English in its formal aspect is..really a pseudo-simplicity or a masked complexity. 1951M. McLuhan Mech. Bride (1967) 141/2 It is the weak and confused who worship the pseudosimplicities of brutal directness.
1649Pseudo-theologitian [see pseudo-politician above].
1940C. S. Lewis Let. 17 Jan. (1966) 176 You will presently see both a Leftist and a Rightist pseudo⁓theology developing. 1961‘F. O'Brien’ Hard Life x. 75 His talk is always full of ‘ifs’ and ‘buts’, rawmaish and pseudo⁓theology. 1977Rolling Stone 30 June 62/2 There has also been the startling growth of psychological technology: all the encounter groups and how-to manuals, all the new therapies and analyses, all the pseudotheologies and gurus and disciplines.
1935R. Carnap Philos. & Log. Syntax 21 All these philosophical theses are deprived of empirical content, of theoretical sense; they are pseudo-theses. 1963― in P. A. Schilpp Philos. of R. Carnap 51, I argued in detail that the thesis of materialism was just as much a pseudo⁓thesis as that of idealism.
1951S. Ullmann Princ. Semantics ii. 59 In view of the hybrid nature of particles, it might be convenient to label them pseudo-words. 1954Archivum Linguisticum VI. 18 Ullmann..speaks of ‘pseudo-words’ which would have no full semantic status.
1680G. Hickes Spirit of Popery 70 Twenty six..of these Heroical Pseudo-Zealots.
b. Prefixed to adjs. pseudo-American, pseudo-antique, pseudo-Aristotelian, pseudo-divine, pseudo-dramatic, pseudo-Elizabethan, pseudo-existing, pseudo-Georgian, pseudo-historic(al), pseudo-infantile, pseudo-intellectual, pseudo-literary, pseudo-localizing, pseudo-logical, pseudo-Marxist, pseudo-medical, pseudo-medieval, pseudo-military, pseudo-mystical, pseudo-patriotic, pseudo-perpetual, pseudo-philosophic(al), pseudo-poetic, pseudo-psychological, pseudo-reformed, pseudo-religious, pseudo-revolutionary, pseudo-romantic, pseudo-sophisticated, pseudo-Spanish, pseudo-technical adjs.
1938Pseudo-American [see kiddo]. 1964C. Barber Present-Day Eng. ii. 20 English pop-singers have developed a special pseudo-American accent of their own.
1936Burlington Mag. May 219/2 The Byzantine pseudo⁓antique character. 1959Pseudo-antique [see katharevousa].
1850Grote Greece ii. lxvii. VIII. 503 In one of the Aristotelian or Pseudo-Aristotelian treatises.
1950D. Gascoyne Vagrant 33 To be with God, and not pseudo-divine Scorn-inspired self-deceivers.
1872Lowell Milton Prose Wks. 1890 IV. 65 Impertinent details of what we must call the pseudo-dramatic kind.
1946Blunden Shelley 205 One of the endless pseudo-Elizabethan or at least post-Elizabethan compositions. 1956Pseudo-Elizabethan [see mimsey a.].
1904B. Russell in Mind XIII. 353 False propositions, according to Meinong, are the non-subsisting, merely pseudo-existing objectives of erroneous judgments.
1905E. Wharton House of Mirth i. i. 7 Its marble porch and pseudo-Georgian façade. 1936J. Buchan Island of Sheep vii. 125 The house was..a pseudo-Georgian edifice of red brick with stone facings.
1919M. Beer Hist. Brit. Socialism I. i. v. 51 The soul of moral philosophy was ius naturale, which is..pure ethics in a pseudo-historic guise.
1905O. Jespersen Growth & Struct. Eng. Lang. x. 246 That pseudo-historical and anti-educational abomination, the English spelling.
1927W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 7 Pseudo-infantile forms like pinny (pinafore). 1977D. Morris Manwatching 185 The pseudo-infantile woman displays pouted lips, wide-open eyes, and child-like body postures.
1944Koestler in Horizon Mar. 173 The pseudo-intellectual hangers-on whose primary motive is..neurosis pure and simple. 1956A. S. C. Ross in M. Black Importance of Lang. (1962) 99 To say Miss Austen instead of Jane Austen is either precious or pseudo-intellectual.
1824Dibdin Libr. Comp. 585 The literary, or rather the pseudo-literary history of the first half of the sixteenth century.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 658 The pseudo-localising symptoms..are apt to lead to an erroneous opinion as to the exact position of the new growth.
1886Macm. Mag. Mar. 427 Scholastic fancies..clothed with pseudo-logical forms.
1938Ann. Reg. 1937 197 M. N. Pokrovsky... His ‘school’ is now persecuted as holding pseudo-Marxist, anti-Leninist and therefore unscientific conceptions. 1945H. Read Coat of Many Colours xliv. 219 If Balzac had followed the advice of our pseudo-Marxist critics, he would have made his works subservient to his political theories.
1908Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 28 Nov. 1860/2 Among the pseudo-medical institutions that have been investigated and closed through fraud orders by the Post-office Department was a Cincinnati concern known as the Epileptic Institute. 1977Gay News 24 Mar. 18/3 Old pseudo-medical myths die hard. 1978J. Updike Coup (1979) iii. 108 Some..calibrated diet whose pseudo⁓medical niceties were catered to even in the depths of our famine.
1883Pseudo-medieval [see high a. 6 a]. 1967E. Short Embroidery & Fabric Collage iv. 117 Too often a designer who happily experiments with plant forms and animals will, when confronted with the human figure, resort to the hackneyed, pseudo-medieval figure in the nebulous draped garment which is so often seen in church work.
1841Thackeray Men & Coats Wks. 1900 XIII. 604 In a sort of pseudo-military trim.
1933Mind XLII. 184 It is indeed to the Greeks, or at any rate to Plato, that this argument, not inconsistently with its quasi-Kantian, Christian or Hebraic (and some will say, pseudo-mystical) flavour, harks back. 1960Koestler Lotus & Robot ii. xi. 245 The rest is pseudo-mystical verbiage. 1961Encounter Feb. 78 This credo is expressed in pseudo-mystical terms.
1880Swinburne Stud. Shaks. 113 Too deeply ingrained..to be perverted by any provincial or pseudo-patriotic prepossessions.
1677Plot Oxfordsh. 235 A Pseudo-perpetual motion made by the descent of several guilt bullets upon an indented declivity.
1914J. London Let. 26 Mar. (1966) 418, I have played with philosophy, expositing the power of mind over matter... While this is..pseudo⁓philosophic, nevertheless it will make it most palatable to..the folk who will read it. 1922C. Bell Since Cézanne 82 We shall then be armed..against the portentous ‘Ist’, whose parthenogenetic masterpiece we are not in a state to relish till we have sucked down the pseudo-philosophic bolus that embodies his eponymous ‘Ism’. 1933M. Oakeshott Experience iv. 243 A psychology which is not scientific certainly exists, and certainly would not be superseded by a science of psychology... Nevertheless, such a psychology..would be a pseudo-philosophical form of experience. 1940Mind XLIX. 99 The encumbrance of these largely parasitic philosophical and pseudo-philosophical ideas.
1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. 19 Pope's..translation of Homer, which, I do not stand alone in regarding as the main source of our pseudo-poetic diction.
1684Evelyn Diary 23 Feb., A pseudo-politic adherence to the French interest.
1946Mind LV. 360 When we ask what in fact constitutes the order or form of the vegetative realm or any below the highest one, the answer is given in terms derived from human experience and purpose. Or else it is a worse answer in pseudo-mechanical, pseudo-psychological terms, like ‘vital force’. 1964Eng. Stud. XLV. 419 Professor Bodelsen's work..eschews..the flights of pseudo-psychological fancy of the gaudier school of criticism.
1865Pusey Eiren. 365 The pseudo⁓reformed and unbelieving philosophers of those times.
1673H. More Brief Reply App. 3, I add superstitious..; and by superstitious, I understand pseudoreligious, if I may so speak, that is, false or depraved religious worship.
1938Burlington Mag. Jan. 44/1 Even in old Siena..there were, not only pagan painters, but also pseudo-religious artists..who substituted prettiness for piety. 1943K. Mannheim Diagnosis of our Time vii. 102 It is not a matter of chance that both Communism and Fascism try to..superimpose a pseudo-religious integration. 1957J. S. Huxley Relig. without Revelation iii. 59 Only in high civilisations does art become emancipated from religious or pseudo-religious domination.
1978China Reconstructs Nov. 5/1 Their pseudo-revolutionary line and its counter-revolutionary aims are being thoroughly criticized. 1979Dædalus Winter 132 This leads them sometimes..to become unexpected allies..of pseudorevolutionary, violent minorities.
1854De Quincey Autobiog. Sk. Wks. II. 271 As yet..false taste, the pseudo-romantic rage, had not violated the most awful solitudes.
1927R. H. Wilenski Mod. Movement in Art 29 The degenerate romantic and pseudo-romantic art of the nineteenth century. 1961D. G. James Matthew Arnold i. 26 We may call it ‘Romantic’ if we like; it is better to call it pseudo-romantic or even sentimental. 1977Time 19 Sept. 11/1 Against such alienation, the pseudo-romantic exploits of Andreas Baader and Ulrike Meinhof hardly needed ideological underpinnings to strike a responsive chord.
1935W. G. Hardy Father Abraham 134 Abraham saw a quiet, controlled, secretive man with that indefinable air of assurance which travel imparts—considerably different, indeed, from the pseudo-sophisticated Lugal of argumentative days but yet recognizable. 1960A. L. Hench in Amer. Speech XXXV. 73 One of my brighter students recently asked me..why I had used the word sophisticated to praise a literary critic... The student said he understood the word meant ‘artificial’, ‘adulterated’, ‘tarnished’, even ‘slightly corrupt’... I told him that of course the word sometimes was used to mean ‘artificial’ or ‘false’ but that I thought persons who used it this way actually meant pseudosophisticated.
1928H. Crane Let. 31 Jan. (1965) 315 The perfect labyrinth of ‘villas’—some pseudo-Spanish, some a la Maya. 1964H. Kökeritz in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 143 In America, Don Quixote and Don Juan have assumed a pseudo-Spanish pronunciation.
1945Mind LIV. 185 The philosopher..must be particularly conscious of the pitfalls of language, and especially of all pseudo-technical and emotive language. 1964P. Strevens in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 120 They all commonly bear the same pseudo-technical label.
2. Special combinations: nearly all terms of modern science, (a) indicating close or deceptive resemblance to the thing denoted by the second element, without real identity or affinity with it; or sometimes simply denoting an abnormal or erratic form or kind of the thing; (b) denoting something which does not correspond with the reality, or to which no reality corresponds, as false perceptions, errors of judgement or statement.
The second element is properly Greek, but very frequently Latin, and occasionally English; in the last case almost always hyphened, but not so usually in the other two except when the full form pseudo- is used before a vowel.
These words, like those in 1, are practically unlimited in number; the more important are entered in their alphabetical places as main words; others of less importance follow here.
pseud-aˈconitine (formerly -ˈnitia) Chem., a highly poisonous alkaloid occurring in Aconitum ferox (also pseudo-aconitine) (improper use of prefix); ‖ pseudæsˈthesia Path. [mod.L.: cf. anæsthesia], false or depraved sensation, as that occurring apparently in an amputated limb; pseudambuˈlacrum Zool. (pl. -a), name for each of five spaces or areas resembling ambulacra in certain Crinoids; so pseudambuˈlacral a., simulating an ambulacrum, or of the nature of a pseudambulacrum (Cent. Dict.); pseudaˈmœboid a. Zool., deceptively resembling an amœba; pseuˈdandry [Gr. ἀνήρ, ἀνδρ- man], the use by a woman of a male pseudonym; ‖ pseudaphia |-ˈdæfɪə| Path. [mod.L., f. Gr. ἁϕή touch], false or perverted sense of touch (Mayne 1858, Billings Nat. Med. Dict. 1890); pseuˌdaposeˈmatic a. Zool. [Gr. ἀπό away, σῆµα sign, mark], applied to deceptive markings or colouring of an animal, having a tendency to repel the attacks of another species, e.g. by suggesting something dangerous or unpleasant; † pseudarachnidan |-əˈræknɪdən| a., of or pertaining to a division of the Tracheate Arachnida, also termed Adelarthrosomata, containing the Pseudo-scorpions, Solpugidæ, and Harvestmen; as n., an arachnidan of this order; ‖ pseudarˈthrosis Surg. (pl. -oses) [Gr. ἄρθρωσις articulation], the formation of a false joint, as when the two parts of a fractured bone fail to unite; pseudaˈtaxic a. Path., resembling but not really of the nature of ataxy; pseuˈdaxine a. Zool., applied to a group of Cervidæ or deer closely resembling the Axis (axis2); pseuˈdaxis Bot. (also pseudo-ˈaxis: pl. -es), an apparent axis or main shoot formed by the series of stronger branches of the successive bifurcations in dichotomous branching; pseuˈdelephant Zool., an animal resembling an elephant, as a mastodon; ˈpseudelminth, pseudhelminth, Path. [Gr. ἕλµινς, ἑλµινθ- worm], something deceptively resembling an entoparasitic worm; ‖ pseuˈdelytron (pl. -a) Entom., a spurious or degenerate elytron or wing-sheath in certain insects; pseuˈdembryo Zool., a spurious embryo; a term applied to various larval forms in sea-urchins, starfishes, and sponges; hence pseudembryˈonic a.; ‖ pseudenˈcephalus Path. [Gr. ἐγκέϕαλος brain], a monster having a vascular tumour in place of the brain (Dunglison 1844); ‖ pseudepiploon |-ɪˈpɪpləʊɒn| Ornith., a membrane in the abdomen of certain birds, resembling the epiploon in mammals, but not investing the intestines; hence pseudepiˈploic a.; pseuˌdepiseˈmatic a. Zool. [Gr. ἐπί upon, σῆµα sign, mark], applied to markings or colouring deceptively resembling those called episematic, which serve to allure or attract other individuals of the species; pseuˈdergate Zool. [a. F. pseudergate (Grassé & Noirot 1947, in Compt. Rend. CCXXIV. 219): see ergate], in certain genera of termites, a blind, wingless member of the colony, carrying out some of the functions of the workers; pseudˈhæmal, pseudo-hæmal a. Zool. [Gr. αἷµα blood], of or pertaining to the circulating fluid in some invertebrates, analogous to but not really blood, and to the vessels which contain it; ‖ pseudhalteres |-hælˈtɪəriːz| n. pl. Entom. [see halteres], a name for the pseudelytra (see above); pseud-idea: see pseudo-idea below; ‖ pseudiˈmago Entom., an imperfect imago or winged stage in certain insects, as the Ephemeridæ, succeeding the pupal stage: also called subimago; hence pseudiˈmaginal a.; pseudo-aˈcacia, the tree Robinia Pseudacacia (= acacia1 2, locust-tree 2); ˈpseudo-ˌacid Chem. [tr. G. pseudosäure (A. Hantzsch 1899, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. XXXII. 577)], a compound which is not itself an acid but which exists in equilibrium with, or is easily converted into, an acidic form and thus undergoes some typical reactions of acids; hence pseudo-aˈcidic a.; pseudo-aˈcidity; pseudo-aˈconitine = pseudaconitine; pseudo-ˈalkaloid Chem., a substance allied to the alkaloids, but not strictly one of them; ˈpseudo-ˌangle Geom., an angle in non-Euclidean geometry; pseudo-apoˈplectic a. Path., simulating apoplexy; pseudo-articuˈlation Zool., a structure having the appearance of an articulation but not really forming one; ˌpseudo-aˈsymmetry Chem., the property of an atom of being bonded to two enantiomorphic groups; hence ˌpseudo-asyˈmmetric a.; pseudo-ˈaxis = pseudaxis (see above); ‖ pseudo-baˈcillus (pl. -i), false bacillus, one of the minute fat crystals sometimes found in sputum; ‖ pseudo-bacˈterium (pl. -ia), a formation simulating a bacterium; ˈpseudo-base Chem. [a. G. pseudobase (A. Hantzsch 1899, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. XXXII. 595)], a compound which is not itself a base but which exists in equilibrium with, or is easily converted into, a basic form and thus undergoes some typical reactions of bases; hence pseudo-ˈbasic a.; ˌpseudo-baˈsicity; ‖ pseudobaˈsidium Bot. (pl. -ia), name for formations resembling and accompanying the basidia in certain fungi; pseudoˈbedding Geol., a structure in which an appearance of stratification has been produced by a cause other than deposition in the apparent planes of stratification; ‖ pseudoˈblepsia (erron. -blepsis) Path. [mod.L., f. Gr. βλέψις looking, sight], false or perverted vision (= pseudopsia); pseudoboléite, -boleite |-ˈbəʊlɪaɪt| Min. [a. F. pseudoboléite (A. Lacroix 1895, in Bull. du Muséum d'Hist. naturelle I. 40), f. boléite, similar mineral named after Boleo, near Santa Rosalia, Lower California, Mexico, where both were first found], a hydroxide-chloride of lead and copper occurring as translucent blue crystals; ‖ pseudobrachium |-ˈbreɪkɪəm| Ichth. (pl. -ia) [mod.L., f. L. brachium arm], the elongated base of the pectoral fins, resembling an arm, in pediculate fishes; hence pseudoˈbrachial a. (Gill cited in Cent. Dict.); ˈpseudobranch |-bræŋk|, ‖ pseudoˈbranchia (pl. -iæ), ‖ pseudoˈbranchium (pl. -ia), Ichth. [Gr. βράγχια gills], names for an organ or structure in certain fishes, resembling, but not having the function of a gill; hence pseudoˈbranchial a., pertaining to or of the nature of a pseudobranch, etc.; pseudoˈbranchiate a., furnished with or having a pseudobranch, etc.; pseudoˈbrookite Min., oxide of titanium and iron, occurring in small tabular crystals resembling brookite; pseudo-ˈbulb Bot., the enlarged base of the stem (resembling a bulb but solid) in many epiphytic orchids; pseudo-ˈbulbar a. Path., applied to a form of paralysis, in symptoms but not in origin, resembling bulbar paralysis (Billings 1890); pseudo-ˈbulbil Bot., an outgrowth producing antheridia and archegonia, which sometimes takes the place of the sporangia in ferns; pseudo-ˈbulbous a. Bot., apparently but not really bulbous; of the nature of or having a pseudo-bulb; pseudo-ˈcarcinoid a. and n. Zool. [Gr. καρκίνος crab], applied to certain macrurous crustaceans which simulate brachyurous ones or crabs (Huxley); ˌpseudo-ceratophorus |-sɛrəˈtɒfərəs| a. Zool. [Gr. κέρας, κερατ- horn, -ϕορος bearing], apparently horn-bearing; resembling the buds of horns; ‖ pseudocerˈcaria Zool., a stage in certain Gregarinida resembling a Cercaria; ˌpseudocholiˈnesterase Biochem., an enzyme present in the blood and in the liver, brain, and certain other organs which acts on the same esters as cholinesterase and some others besides; ‖ pseudochromia |-ˈkrəʊmɪə| Path. [Gr. χρῶµα colour], false or perverted perception of colour (Dunglison 1857, Billings 1890); pseudochronism |-ˈdɒkrənɪz(ə)m| [after anachronism], a false dating, an error in date; ˌpseudochroˈnologist, a false chronologist, one who attributes a false date to some occurrence; pseudo-ˈchrysalis Entom. = pseudo-pupa (see below); pseudoˈchrysolite Min. [cf. Gr. ψευδοχρυσόλιθος (Diodorus Siculus)], a mineral resembling chrysolite; † pseudocirrhosis Path. [after G. pseudolebercirrhose (F. Pick 1896, in Zeitschr. f. klin. Med. XXIX. 395)] = Pick's disease 1; ˈpseudocode Computers, a programming language that is not a machine language and has to be translated by a computer before it can be executed; ˈpseudocœle |-siːl| Anat. [Gr. κοῖλος hollow], (a) applied to the body-cavity of certain invertebrates, derived from spaces developed secondarily in the mesoblast, not directly from the blastocœle or original cavity of the embryo; (b) applied to the fifth ventricle of the brain; hence pseudoˈcœlian a. in sense (b), pseudoˈcœlic a. in sense (a); pseudoˈcœlome [cf. cœlome] = pseudocœle (a); ‖ ˌpseudocoluˈmella Zool., a structure in corals simulating a columella (see quot.); hence pseudocoluˈmellar a.; pseudo-ˈcommissure Zool. [mod.L. pseudocommissūra], a kind of commissure, consisting of connective tissue, not of nerve-substance [see commissure 4], joining the olfactory lobes in certain batrachians; hence pseudo-coˈmmissural a.; ˌpseudo-compatiˈbility Bot., the fertilization of flowers by pollen which would normally be incompatible (incompatible a. 6 b); ‖ pseudoconcha |-ˈkɒŋkə| Ornith. [see concha 4 c], a turbinated structure in the nose of birds, in front of and below the turbinal proper; ˈpseudocone Entom., a fluid or gelatinous cone in the eyes of certain Diptera, as distinct from the solid crystalline cone in the eyes of other insects; also attrib. or adj.; pseudoconˈglomerate Geol. (see quot. 1972); pseudo-ˈcorneous a. Zool., composed of a substance simulating true horn, as the base of the horn in the pronghorn antelope, which consists of agglutinated hairs; ‖ pseudoˈcortex Bot., a false cortex, as that formed by the secondary branches closely adpressed to the main branch in certain seaweeds (Cent. Dict. 1890, Syd. Soc. Lex. 1895); ‖ pseudoˈcosta Zool. (pl. -æ) [L. costa rib], each of the slightly projecting parts between the septa of certain corals; pseudoˈcostate a., (a) Bot. applied to a leaf in which the veins are confluent so as to form an apparent marginal or intramarginal vein (Treas. Bot. 1866); (b) Zool. having pseudocostæ; pseudocoˈtunnite Min. [ad. G. pseudocotunnit (G. vom Rath 1877), alteration of It. pseudocotunnia (A. Scacchi 1873, in Atti della R. Accad. delle Sci., Fis. e Matem. di Napoli VI. ix. 38), f. cottunia, similar mineral named after D. Cotungo (1736–1822), It. anatomist] , a potassium lead chloride, K2PbCl4, found as dull yellowish or whitish crystals on Vesuvius; † ˌpseudocotyˈledon Bot. Obs., a name for the germinating threads of the spores of cryptogams, formerly considered analogous to the cotyledons of phanerogams (Cent. Dict. 1890); so ‖ pseudocotyˈledonæ (mod.L.) pl., cryptogamous plants; pseudo-ˈcrisis Path. (see quot.); ˈpseudo-ˌcroup Path., a disorder simulating croup, as laryngismus stridulus (Dunglison 1853); pseudo-ˈcubic, -ˈcubical adjs. Cryst., said of a composite crystal of lower symmetry simulating a simple one of the cubic system; pseudoˈcumene Chem., a hydrocarbon isomeric with cumene, being a modification of trimethylbenzene, C6H3(CH3)3, occurring in coal-tar oil; ‖ pseudocyˈclosis Biol. [mod.L.: see cyclosis], ‘the apparent circulation of food-particles within the body of an amœba’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ‖ pseudocyesis |-saɪˈiːsɪs| Phys. [mod.L., f. Gr. κύησις conception], spurious conception or pregnancy (Dunglison 1842); cf. pseudopregnancy 1; pseudocyˈphella Bot. [cyphella], a small pore in the lower surface of certain lichens; ˈpseudocyst |-sɪst| [see cyst], (a) Zool. a protoplasmic body occurring in certain Gregarinida; (b) Bot. each of several protoplasmic bodies formed by the breaking up of the filaments of certain Protophyta; (c) Path. a false cyst, as a part of the peritoneal cavity closed by adhesion of the viscera in peritonitis; ‖ pseudo-delˈtidium Zool., a simple shelly plate which takes the place of the deltidium in certain brachiopod shells; ˈpseudo-ˌdike Geol., a fissure filled up with sedimentary or other matter, having the appearance of a dike (dike n.1 9, 9 b); ‖ pseudo-diphˈtheria Path., a disease simulating diphtheria; also attrib. as pseudodiphtheria bacillus; so ˌpseudo-diphtheˈritic a. [cf. diphtheritic]; pseudo-ˈdistance Geom., distance in non-Euclidean geometry (Cent. Dict.); pseudoˈdominance Genetics, the expression of a recessive allele as a result of the deletion of the part of the chromosome bearing the corresponding dominant allele; so pseudoˈdominant a.; ˈpseudodont a. Zool. [Gr. ὀδούς tooth], having horny epidermic teeth, as the Ornithorhynchus; ˈpseudo-entity, pseuˈdentity Philos., something falsely called or regarded as an entity; pseudo-eryˈsipelas Path., any inflammatory disease resembling erysipelas; so ˌpseudo-erysiˈpelatous a.; † pseudo-erythrin Chem., ‘an old name of ethylic orsellinate’ (Watts Dict. Chem.); ˈpseudo-existence Philos. (see quots.); pseudoˈfæces Zool., a mixture of mucus and particulate matter from the water that collects in the mantle cavity of a mollusc and is expelled without passing through the digestive system; hence pseudoˈfæcal a.; ‖ pseudo-fiˈlaria Zool., a stage in the development of certain Gregarinida, resembling a thread-worm of the genus Filaria; hence pseudo-fiˈlarian a.; ˌpseudo-foliˈaceous a. Bot., simulating a leaf, leaf-like; pseudoˈfovea Ophthalm., a point of maximum sensitivity on the retina other than the fovea, such as may develop in a squinting eye; hence pseudoˈfoveal a.; ˈpseudofracture Med., a defect in bone that appears on a radiograph as one of a series of narrow, well-defined lines of translucence; ˈpseudo-ˌfruit Bot., a fruit formed by growth and modification of other parts besides the ovary (e.g. a fig, a strawberry, etc.): = pseudocarp; pseudogaˈlena Min., native zinc sulphide, resembling lead sulphide or galena: = Black Jack 2, blende; ‖ pseudoˈgaster Zool., a spurious gastric cavity produced by fusion in sponges; ‖ pseudoˈgastrula Embryol., an invaginated blastosphere simulating a gastrula; ˈpseudogene Genetics, a section of a chromosome that is an imperfect copy of a functional gene; pseudo-ˈgeneral a., in Path. applied to a kind of paralysis simulating general paralysis; pseudo-geˈneric a. Nat. Hist., apparently but not really generic; having the character of a pseudo-genus; pseudo-ˈgenus Nat. Hist., a spurious genus of animals or plants, e.g. one based upon forms which are really stages in the development of some species; ‖ pseudogeusia |-ˈgjuːsɪə|, -ˈgeustia Path. [mod.L., f. Gr. γεῦσις taste, γευστός to be tasted], false or perverted sense of taste; ˈpseudogley Soil Science [a. G. pseudogley (W. L. Kubiëna Bestimmungsbuch und Systematik der Böden Europas (1953) 295)], a gley resulting from temporary or seasonal waterlogging due to poor drainage of surface water, rather than from the permanent existence of a high groundwater table; pseudogliˈoma Ophthalm., any condition that gives rise to signs similar to those of retino-blastoma; pseudoˈglobulin Biochem. [a. G. pseudoglobulin (F. Hofmeister 1899: see Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem. (1900) XXXI. 140, Beiträge z. chem. Physiol. (1901) 361)], the fraction of serum globulin that is soluble in pure water and saline solutions but precipitated by half-saturation with ammonium sulphate; ˈpseudogout Path., a joint disorder resembling gout but produced by deposits of crystals of calcium pyrophosphate rather than sodium urate and occurring most often in the knee; ˈpseudogyne |-dʒɪn| Entom. [Gr. γυνή female], one of the agamic females of aphides and other insects, which reproduce parthenogenetically; so pseudogynous |-ˈdɒdʒɪnəs| a.; pseuˈdogyny Ent., pseudogynous condition; pseudogyrate |-ˈdʒaɪərət| a. Bot. [Gr. γῦρος ring], said of a fern having the annulus confined to the vertex of each sporangium (Treas. Bot. 1866); pseudoˈhæmal a.:see pseudhæmal above; ˌpseudo-halluciˈnation, an isolated, brief, and vivid sensory experience, commonly auditory or visual, occurring in clear consciousness and in the absence of any external stimulus; so ˌpseudo-halluciˈnatory a.; ˈpseudo-ˌheart Zool., each of several tubular organs, formerly described as hearts, forming a communication between the body-cavity and the pallial chamber in brachiopods; pseudo-herˈmaphrodite a. Biol., apparently hermaphrodite but actually unisexual; hence pseudo-herˈmaphroditism, apparent hermaphroditism, as that due to an abnormal structure of the external sexual organs (Cent. Dict. 1890; Syd. Soc. Lex. 1895); pseudo-hexˈagonal a. Cryst., said of a composite crystal of lower symmetry simulating a simple one of the hexagonal system; ˌpseudohomoˈsexual a., pertaining to or designating homosexual behaviour which acts as an outlet for the expression of fear, aggression, dependency, dominance, etc., rather than being genuinely sexual; hence ˌpseudohomosexuˈality; pseudo-hyˈpertrophy Path. [see hypertrophy], enlargement of an organ by growth of fat or connective tissue, with atrophy of its proper substance; so pseudo-hyperˈtrophic a., applied to a form of paralysis caused by pseudo-hypertrophy of the muscles; ˌpseudoˌhypoparaˈthyroidism Med., a familial disorder in which the features of hypoparathyroidism are accompanied by skeletal and developmental abnormalities and which is caused by a failure of tissues to respond to parathyroid hormone; so ˌpseudo-ˌhypoparaˈthyroid a.; ˈpseudo-idea, ˈpseud-idea, a meaningless or false idea; ˈpseudo-instruction (also pseudo instruction) Computers, an instruction similar to a computer instruction in form that is not executed as an instruction by hardware but used to control a compiler or assembler; ˌpseudo-isochroˈmatic a. Ophthalm., composed of different colours that appear the same to a colour-blind person; pseudoˈixiolite Min., an oxide of iron, manganese, tantalum, and niobium that has a highly disordered orthorhombic structure and is similar to ixiolite, differing in changing to tantalite or columbite on heating and in lacking tin; ˈpseudokarst Geomorphol. [cf. It. pseudocarsico adj., -carsismo n. (G. B. Floridia 1941, in Boll. della Soc. di Sci. nat. ed econ. di Palermo XXIII. 12), and see quot. 19601], karst-like topography in ground other than limestone produced by subterranean erosion rather than solution; hence pseudoˈkarstic a.; ‖ pseudoˈlabium Zool., a part in chilopodous Myriapoda (see quot.); hence pseudoˈlabial a.; pseudo-ˈlateral a. Bot., ‘having a tendency to become lateral when it is normally terminal, as the fruit of certain Hepaticæ’ (Cent. Dict.); ‖ pseudoleuchæmia |-ljuːˈkiːmɪə| (erron. -leucæmia, -leukæmia), ‖ ˌpseudoleucocyˈthæmia Path. [see leukæmia, leucocythæmia], names for Hodgkin's disease, as resembling leukæmia, but not involving increase in the number of leucocytes; pseudo-leucocyte |-ˈljuːkəsaɪt| Path., a morbid formation resembling a leucocyte; pseudo-lichen |-ˈlaɪkɪn| Bot., a parasitic fungus resembling a lichen, but without the presence of an alga in the thallus; pseudo-ˈlobar a. Path. (see quot. 1895); pseudomalachite |-ˈmæləkaɪt| Min., hydrous phosphate of copper, occurring in dark-green masses resembling malachite; pseudo-lymˈphoma Path., any of various conditions involving enlargement of lymph nodes which bear some resemblance to lymphoma but are not malignant; hence pseudolymˈphomatous a.; pseudo-ˈmembrane Path., a false membrane (see membrane 1 d); pseudo-memˈbranous a. Path., applied to conditions in which mucous membranes are covered with a sheet formed of exudate; ˈpseudo-memory: see quot.; pseudo-meˈtallic a., resembling, but not of the nature of, a metal; of lustre: see quot.; pseudo-ˈmica, a mineral simulating mica; ˌpseudo-ˌmonocotyˈledonous a. Bot., falsely or apparently monocotyledonous, either by union of the cotyledons into one mass, or by abortion of one of them; so ˌpseudo-ˌmonocotyˈledon, a pseudo-monocotyledonous plant; pseudoˈmorphia, -ˈmorphine Chem. [see morphia, morphine], one of the alkaloids contained in opium; also called oxymorphine; ‖ pseudomorula |-ˈmɒrələ| Embryol., an aggregate of unicellular organisms or spores resembling a morula; hence pseudoˈmorular a.; pseudoˈmucin Med. [a. G. pseudomucin (O. Hammarsten 1882, in Zeitschr. f. physiol. Chem. VI. 209)], the thick, tenacious, semi-opaque liquid present in pseudomucinous cysts; hence pseudoˈmucinous a., epithet of the commonest kind of ovarian cyst, containing mucin; ˌpseudo-multiˈlocular a. Bot., apparently but not really multilocular; so ˌpseudo-multiˈseptate a.; ˌpseudomycoˈrrhiza Biol. [a. Sw. pseudomykorrhiza (E. Melin Studier över de Norrländska Myrmarkernas Vegetation (1917) ii. v. 358)], an association of tree roots and fungi, often mildly pathogenic ones, in the absence of true mycorrhiza; so ˌpseudo-mycoˈrrhizal a.; ‖ ˌpseudo-naviˈcella, -naˈvicula (pl. -æ) Zool. [see quot. 1867], an elliptical spore with pointed ends, forming a stage in the development of certain Gregarinida; hence ˌpseudo-naviˈcellar, -naˈvicular adjs.; ‖ ˌPseudoneuˈroptera n. pl. Entom., an order of insects in some classifications, resembling the Neuroptera but with incomplete metamorphosis; hence ˌpseudoneuˈropter n., ˌpseudoneuˈropterous a.; pseudoneuˈrotic a. Psychol., of or pertaining to types of mental illness in which superficial symptoms of neurosis are found in conjunction with underlying symptoms of psychosis, esp. of schizophrenia; ˈpseudo-object Gram., a noun or pronoun that appears to be, but actually is not, an object; ˈpseudo-operation (also pseudo operation) Computers = pseudo-instruction above; ˈpseudo-order Computers = pseudo-instruction above (see also quot. 1955); pseudopaˈralysis Path., a disease simulating paralysis; so ‖ pseudo-paraˈplegia; pseudo-ˈparasite Biol., an organism apparently but not really or strictly parasitic; e.g. an external parasite, a commensal, or a saprophyte; so ˌpseudo-paraˈsitic a.; ‖ pseudoparenchyma |-pəˈrɛŋkɪmə| Bot., a tissue in fungi resembling parenchyma, but composed of interlaced and united hyphæ; hence ˌpseudoparenˈchymatous a.; ‖ pseudoˈparesis Path., a disease simulating paresis; an apparent or spurious paresis (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1895); ˌpseudo-ˌparthenoˈgenesis, a form of reproduction: see quot. 1870; pseudo-pediform |-ˈpɛdɪfɔːm| a. Zool. [L. pes, ped- foot: see -form], having the form of a pseudopodium, pseudopodial; pseudo-peˈlade Path. [a. F. pseudo-pelade (L. Brocq. et al. 1905, in Annales Dermatol. et Syph. VI. 1): cf. pelada], the appearance of multiple bald patches on the scalp; ‖ pseudoˈperculum Zool., a secondary lid or operculum closing the aperture of the shell in certain gastropods; hence pseudoˈpercular a., belonging to or of the nature of a pseudoperculum; pseudoˈperculate a., furnished with a pseudoperculum; ‖ pseudopeˈridium Bot., that form of peridium or investment occurring in an æcidium (1832 Lindley, Introd. Bot. 207); pseudo-periˈodic a., ‘quasi-periodic’ (Cent. Dict.); ‘approximately periodic’ (Funk's Stand. Dict.); ˌpseudoperiˈthecium Biol., in fungi belonging to the order Laboulbeniales, a structure resembling a perithecium in which the vestigial walls have degenerated; ˈpseudophone |-fəʊn| Acoustics [Gr. ϕωνή sound], an apparatus invented by Dr. S. P. Thompson for investigating the phenomena of hearing, and producing acoustical illusions, esp. as to the direction of sound; ˌpseudo-pigmenˈtation (see quot.); pseudo-ˈplankton Biol., organisms attached to drifting debris or vegetation; so pseudoplankˈtonic a.; ˈpseudoplasm Path. [Gr. πλάσµα: see plasma], a tumour or morbid formation of heterologous tissue; pseudo-plasˈmodium Biol., a structureless aggregate of distinct unicellular organisms; pseudoˈplastic a. and n., (a liquid) that is non-Newtonian, esp. in having a viscosity that decreases with increasing shearing stress; hence ˌpseudoplaˈsticity; ˈpseudopore Zool., a ‘false pore’ in sponges, connected with a pseudogaster (see above); pseudo-poˈssession Psychics, a mental state simulating ‘possession’ (see possession 5); pseudo-ˈpregnancy Path., a condition or affection simulating pregnancy (1860 Tanner Pregn. i. 7); pseudo-preˈsentiment Psychics (see quot.); pseudo-ˈprimitive a., apparently but not really primitive; pseudoproˈboscis Entom., a structure simulating a proboscis; ˈpseudoproct Zool. [Gr. πρωκτός anus], (a) the anal opening in the pseudembryo of an echinoderm; (b) a term suggested instead of pseudostome in relation to sponges; hence pseudoˈproctous a.; ˌpseudoˌpseudohypoparaˈthyroidism Med., a familial disorder in which the skeletal and developmental abnormalities of pseudohypoparathyroidism are present without the biochemical abnormalities common to hypoparathyroidism and pseudohypoparathyroidism; ‖ pseuˈdopsia Path. [mod.L., f. Gr. ὄψις seeing, vision], false or perverted vision; a hallucination or illusion of sight (Billings 1890); ‖ pseudo-ˈpupa Entom. (pl. -æ), a name for the ‘coarctate pupa’ constituting one stage of certain insects, as those which undergo hypermetamorphosis; hence pseudoˈpupal a.; ˈpseudopupil Ent. [ad. G. pseudopupille (S. Exner Physiol. d. Facettirten Augen v. Krebsen u. Insecten (1891) ii. 18)] (see quot. 1977); pseudoquadraphony |-ˈrɒfənɪ|, sound reproduction in which signals from two sources are fed to four speakers in such a way as to give a partial effect of quadraphony; pseudoˈrabies, (a) (see quots. 1897, 1912) (? obs.); (b) Vet. Sci., an infectious viral disease of the central nervous system that causes intense pruritus and usu. death in cattle and affects other domestic animals in varying ways; pseudoraˈcemic a. Chem., applied to a racemic substance consisting of mixed or intergrown crystals of the optically active isomers; so pseudoˈracemate; pseudo-raˈmose a. Bot. [L. rāmus branch], forming false branches, as the filaments of certain algæ, in which the terminal part detaches itself, and then attaches itself laterally to a special cell (heterocyst) of the filament; ˈpseudo-ray Geom., a ray or straight line in non-Euclidean geometry (Cent. Dict.); ˈpseudoreaction Physiol., a spurious positive response to a test; † pseudoreˈduction Cytology, the apparent halving of the number of chromosomes through synapsis; pseudorˈganic a., † (a) applied to the elements sulphur and phosphorus, as occurring generally but not universally in organized bodies (obs.); (b) applied to inorganic formations closely resembling organic structures; pseudorheuˈmatic a. Path., simulating rheumatism; ˌpseudo-rhomboˈhedral a. Cryst., applied to a composite crystal of lower symmetry simulating a simple one of the rhombohedral system; pseudoroˈtation Chem., a change in molecular configuration involving concerted displacements of the constituent atoms, which is equivalent to a rotation of the molecule coupled with a permutation of some of the constituents, but does not involve any actual rotation of the molecule; hence pseudoroˈtational a.; also pseudoroˈtate v. intr., to undergo such a change; pseudoroˈtated ppl. a.; pseudoˈrutile Min., an oxide of iron and titanium, Fe2Ti3O9, that is formed as an intermediate stage in the change of ilmenite to rutile; ˈpseudo-salt Chem., a compound which is normally covalent but which under certain conditions exists as or in equilibrium with an ionized, salt-like form; pseudoscinine |-ˈdɒsɪnaɪn| a. Ornith., belonging to the Pseudoscines, an anomalous group of oscines, containing the lyre-bird and some other Australian birds; ‖ pseudoscleˈrosis Path., an affection simulating sclerosis (see quot.); pseudo-ˈscorpion Zool., an arachnid or pseudarachnidan of the group Cheliferidæ or Pseudoscorpionidæ, resembling little scorpions, without tail or poison-glands; ‖ pseuˈdosculum Zool. [see osculum 3 a], a ‘false osculum’ in sponges, connected with a pseudogaster (see above); = pseudostome 2; pseudoseˈmatic a. Zool. [Gr. σῆµα sign, mark] , belonging to or characterized by deceptive markings or colouring imitating some other species or object; pertaining to or exhibiting mimicry; psuedoˈseptate a. Nat. Hist., (a) apparently but not really septate; (b) having pseudosepta (Cent. Dict.); ‖ pseudoˈseptum Zool. (pl. -a), a septum in corals not corresponding with or representing a mesentery; pseudoˈsiphon Zool., name for the vertical trace (continuous with the siphon) in the plug of the shell in certain fossil cephalopods; hence pseudoˈsiphonal a.; also pseudosiˈphuncle = pseudosiphon; † ˈpseudoskink, † -scink Obs., a kind of lizard resembling a skink; ‖ pseuˈdosmia Path. [mod.L., f. Gr. ὀσµή smell], false or perverted sense of smell (Dunglison 1853); ˈpseudosocial a., exhibiting or designating seemingly social behaviour that arises from individual reactions to a need or external stimulus rather than from genuinely social reasons; ˈpseudospecies, a term used for the different national or racial groups to denote the illusory nature of the belief that they have evolved genetically into different and separate species (inferior to one's own); so ˌpseudospeciˈation, a false division into species following these lines; ‖ pseudoˈspermium Bot. [mod.L., f. Gr. σπέρµα seed: cf. achænium], a small indehiscent fruit in which the pericarp invests the seed so closely that the whole fruit resembles a simple seed; so pseudoˈspermic, pseudoˈspermous a., of the nature of such a fruit; pseudoˈspherical a. Geom., being or pertaining to a surface or space whose curvature is everywhere equal and negative; hence ˈpseudoˈsphere, the pseudospherical surface that is generated by rotating a tractrix about its asymptote; pseudo-ˈspiracle Zool., a structure or marking in certain insects and arachnidans, resembling a spiracle but not perforated; ‖ pseudospoˈrangium (also anglicized -spoˈrange) Bot., an organ resembling a sporangium, but producing gemmæ instead of spores; ˈpseudospore Bot., (a) a peculiar spore in certain parasitic fungi, also called a teleutospore; (b) a reproductive bud: = gemma 2 b; pseudoˈsquamate a. Zool., apparently but not really squamate or scaly; ˈpseudo-squeeze Bridge, play whereby an opponent is, or may be, misled into discarding or unguarding a potentially winning card, although he has alternative discards; cf. squeeze n.; ˌpseudo-stalacˈtitical a., simulating a stalactite; ˈpseudo-statement, an expression that formally resembles a statement but does not refer or correspond to an objective fact, being rather used for its subjective effect on the hearer or reader; ˈpseudostem, the apparent trunk of a banana plant or a closely related species, which is made up of closely packed leaf sheaths enclosing a stem; pseudoˈstereoscope, a binocular microscope in which inversion of the image is not corrected; hence ˌpseudostereoˈscopic a., ˌpseudostereˈoscopism; ‖ pseudoˈstigma Zool. (pl. -ata), each of two respiratory organs resembling stigmata in certain acarids; hence pseudostigˈmatic a.; ˌpseudostratifiˈcation Geol. = pseudobedding above; ‖ pseudoˈstratum Geol. (pl. -a), a mass of rock resembling a stratum but not produced by deposition; pseudoˈsymmetry Cryst., simulation of higher symmetry, as in certain composite crystals; pseudo-syphilis |-ˈsɪfɪlɪs| Path., a disease simulating syphilis; hence ˌpseudo-syphiˈlitic a.; pseudoˈtachylyte, -ite Petrogr., a dark glassy rock resembling tachylyte that results from vitrification by frictional heat generated during dynamic metamorphism; pseudo-teˈtragonal a. Cryst., said of a composite crystal of lower symmetry simulating a simple one of the tetragonal system; ˌpseudoteˈtramerous a. Entom. [see tetramerous], belonging to the division Pseudotetramera of beetles, having tarsi apparently four-jointed, a fifth joint being very small and hidden; ˈpseudotill Geol., a deposit similar to a till but non-glacial in origin; pseudoˈtillite Geol. [ad. G. pseudotillit (M. Schwarzbach Das Klima der Vorzeit (ed. 2, 1961) v. 34], a deposit similar to tillite but non-glacial in origin; pseudo-ˈtrachea Ent., a fine food-channel in the mouthparts of many flies; also, an organ found in certain woodlice which resembles an insect trachea; pseudotraˈcheal a. Entom., simulating a trachea; having a series of rings like those of the trachea; pseudoˈtrimerous a. Entom. [see trimerous], belonging to the division Pseudotrimera of beetles, having the tarsi apparently three-jointed, one of the four joints being very small and hidden; ˌpseudotubercuˈlosis Vet. Sci. [mod.L., coined in Ger. as the specific epithet of the Pasteurella species causing the disease (A. Pfeiffer Ueber die bacilläre Pseudotuberculose bei Nagethieren (1889) 5)], any of several diseases clinically and anatomically similar to tuberculosis that occur chiefly in rodents, birds, and warm-blooded animals, esp. sheep, and are caused by species of Pasteurella or Corynebacterium; pseudotuˈberculous a., resembling (that of) tuberculosis; ˈpseudotumour Path., a swelling or other condition that gives rise to the clinical signs of a neoplasm but is not neoplastic, i.e. is not characterized by the persistent proliferation of cells having no physiological function; pseudo-uniˈseptate a. Nat. Hist., apparently but not really uniseptate; pseudoˈuracil Biochem., the uracil residue in pseudouridine; pseudo-ˈuric a. Chem., an organic acid, C5H6N4O4, in composition allied to uric acid; hence pseudo-ˈurate, a salt of pseudo-uric acid; pseudoˈuridine Biochem., a nucleoside, 5-ribosyluracil, found in transfer RNA and differing from uridine in that the sugar residue is attached to the base at a carbon rather than a nitrogen atom; pseudo-ˈvelum Zool., a kind of velum in some Scyphomedusæ, distinct from the true velum of the Hydromedusæ; hence pseudo-ˈvelar a.; pseudoˈviperine a. Zool., resembling a viper but not venomous; belonging to the group Pseudoviperæ or Acrochordidæ of serpents, called in English ‘wart-snakes’; pseudo-visˈcosity, a property of some solids resembling viscosity; plasticity; ˈpseudovitamin Biochem., a compound that is not a vitamin but closely resembles some particular vitamin in molecular structure; pseudoviˈtellus Ent. = mycetome; pseudo-volˈcanic a., apparently but not properly volcanic; belonging to or produced by a pseudo-volcano; pseudo-volˈcano, a burning mountain that emits smoke, flame, or gases, but no lava; pseudoˈwavellite Min. [ad. G. pseudo-wavellit (F. Henrich, after Laubmann, 1922, in Ber. d. Deut. Chem. Ges. LVb. 3016)], a hydrated basic phosphate of calcium and aluminium, CaAl3(PO4)2(OH)5.H2O, found as white, grey, or yellow crystals (see quot. 1951); ˈpseudo-ˌwhorl Bot., an apparent whorl produced by displacement of leaves or other members, originally arranged spirally, to the same level around the axis; pseudoˈwollastonite Min. [a. F. pseudowollastonite (A. Lacroix Minéral. de la France (1893–5) I. 624)], the high-temperature form of the calcium silicate CaSiO3, which normally changes to wollastonite at ordinary temperatures; pseudoxanthine |-ˈzænθiːn| Chem., a leucomaine resembling xanthine, occurring in muscular tissue; pseudoxanˈthoma (eˈlasticum) Path. [mod.L., coined in Ger. (J. F. Darier 1896, in Monatschr. für prakt. Dermatol. XXIII. 616): cf. xanthoma], a congenital disease in which there is widespread disturbance of connective tissue formation, leading to soft, yellowish papules and plaques in the skin, cardiovascular disorder, and ultimately death.
[1875H. C. Wood Therap. (1879) 171 Böhm and Ewens have physiologically studied the alkaloid of Aconitum ferox under the name of pseudaconitia.] 1876Harley Mat. Med. (ed. 6) 777 The variety of aconitia obtained from this plant has been very improperly termed *pseud-aconitine or pseud-aconitia.
1842Dunglison Med. Lex., *Pseudæsthesia. 1855J. R. Reynolds Dis. Brain viii, Pseudaesthesiae are common.
1872Nicholson Palæont. 133 Each *pseud-ambulacrum is furrowed by a longitudinal groove.
1880W. S. Kent Infusoria I. iii. 57 [These] can revert at will to a *pseud-amœboid and repent state.
1928H. M. Paull Literary Ethics xvii. 189 All sorts of devices are adopted by the author, who does not wish his name to be known. He may..disguise it in various ways, using initials, asterisks, a reversed name, or one of the opposite sex,..respectively initialism, asterism, boustrophedon and *pseudandry. 1961T. Landau Encycl. Librarianship (ed. 2) 294/1 Pseudandry, a woman author writing under a masculine pseudonym.
1890Poulton Colours Anim. xvii. 337 *Pseudaposematic colours..are special..instances of Procryptic colours..and deceptively resemble Aposematic colours.
1835Kirby Hab. & Inst. Anim. II. xix. 302 *Pseudarachnidan Condylopes. This Class, which is formed from the Tracheary Arachnidans of Latreille, differs from the preceding principally in the organs of Respiration and Circulation. Ibid. 303 The most remarkable genus of the second Order of Pseudarachnidans is one described in the Linnean Transactions in which the posterior legs exhibit a raptorious character.
1842Dunglison Med. Lex., *Pseudarthrosis. 1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. (ed. 6) 290 Extremities of bones in stumps after amputation diminish in pseudarthrosis.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 388 There were motor disorders..at first *pseudataxic.
1877A. H. Garrod in Proc. Zool. Soc. 18 Dama vulgaris [etc.]..are intimately allied to the *Pseud⁓axine group.
1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 157 The apparent primary shoot, which in fact consists of the bases of consecutive bifurcations, may..be termed a *Pseud-axis or Sympodium. Ibid. 158 Two principal forms of Cyme may be distinguished, according as a Pseud-axis..is formed or not.
1767Hunter in Phil. Trans. LVIII. 38 A *pseud⁓elephant, or animal incognitum. 1890Cent. Dict. cites Coues.
1866Cobbold Tapeworms Introd. 9 Sometimes these *pseudelminths are really so worm-like that a mere naked eye examination is insufficient to determine their nature.
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. IV. xlvii. 370 *Pseud⁓elytra twisted, attached to the anterior leg. 1840Westwood Classif. Insects II. 294 note, The pseudelytra [Mr. Newman] considers as analogous to the tippets of the Lepidoptera.
1877*Pseud-embryo [see pseudoproct below]. 1880W. S. Kent Infusoria I. 191 The coalescing amœbiform zooids..form by repeated segmentation a pseud-embryo, or so-called ciliated larva.
1883W. F. R. Weldon in Proc. Zool. Soc. 640 In all the Anatidæ..the representative of the horizontal septum is attached to the ventral abdominal wall,..so that it does not cover any of the intestine coils. Note. This septum has been mentioned by various authors... From its resemblance to a modified Mammalian mesentery, I would propose to call it ‘*pseudepiploön’.
1890Poulton Colours Anim. xvii. 337 *Pseudepisematic colours..are special instances of Anticryptic colours.., and may depend for success upon the deceptive resemblance to Episematic colours.
1957Richards & Davies Imms's Gen. Textbk. Entomol. (ed. 9) iii. 380 *Pseudergates occur in Zootermopsis and..the so-called workers of Mastotermes are probably also of this form. 1969R. F. Chapman Insects xxxiv. 706 The pseudergate is a central form from which various others can be derived. 1979R. M. Alexander Invertebrates xix. 436 Pseudergates also remove the eggs as the queen lays them.
1867J. Hogg Microsc. ii. iii. 562 In the Hirudinidae..a system of vessels homologous with the *pseud⁓haemal system exists. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. i. 57 In the Arthropoda no segmental organs or pseud-haemal vessels are known.
1840Westwood Classif. Insects II. 292 These organs have been termed prébalanciers, præhalteres, *pseudhalteres, pseudelytra, or anterior wings.
1836–9Todd's Cycl. Anat. II. 880/2 The condition of the insect previously to this change [i.e. after throwing off the pupa-covering, but before ridding themselves of the delicate enveloping membrane] has been called by Mr. Curtis the *pseudimago state. 1867F. Francis Angling vi. (1880) 195 It is only a half complete insect, and is termed the pseud⁓imago, or false image.
1775A. Burnaby Trav. N. Amer. 69 It produces..the *pseudo-acacia, or locust-tree. 1903Daily Chron. 19 May 7/1 The acacia to be tried is..the pseudo-acacia introduced from North America, where it is called the locust tree.
1899Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXVI. i. 399 The author [sc. Hantzsch] describes as *pseudo-acids those substances which do not contain a hydrogen atom directly displaceable by metals, but which are capable of changing into a salt-forming isomeride. 1910[see pseudo-acidity below]. 1929P. Walden Salts, Acids, & Bases v. 127 In the homogeneous condition pseudo-acids are associated, usually in the dimolecular form. The carboxylic acids are typical pseudo-acids. 1952Turner & Harris Org. Chem. ix. 135 Primary and secondary nitroparaffins are pseudo⁓acids, dissolving in aqueous alkali..to give the ions of the aci-nitroparaffin or true (nitronic) acid.
1953C. K. Ingold Struct. & Mechanism in Org. Chem. x. 576 The pseudo-basic carbinol corresponds to the *pseudo-acidic phenylnitromethane.
1910N. V. Sidgwick Org. Chem. Nitrogen vii. 144 The nitroparaffins are typical instances of pseudo-acids. In fact it was in this connexion that Hantzsch developed the theory of *pseudo-acidity. 1927Pseudo-acidity [see pseudo-basicity below].
1887A. M. Brown Anim. Alkaloids 5 They might be some *pseudo-alkaloid.., such as kreatine or kreatinine, amides rather than alkalies.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 666 In *pseudo-apoplectic attacks the application of cold to the head, blistering [etc.]..are the best remedial measures.
1852Dana Crust. ii. 1204 Possibly the last transverse *pseudo-articulation is incorrectly so considered.
1907J. B. Cohen Org. Chem. ii. 93 *Pseudo-asymmetry of the character of the trihydroxyglutaric acids..is afforded by cyclo⁓propane derivatives. Ibid. 94 The cyclic carbon atoms 2 and 4 are asymmetrical per se; 3 is symmetrical though structurally identical with 2 and 4. It follows..that 1 and 3 are *pseudo-asymmetric. 1962E. L. Eliel Stereochem. Carbon Compounds iii. 28 Such a pseudoasymmetric atom does not give rise to dissymmetry in the molecule as a whole. 1975Nature 13 Nov. 96/3 Some of these ideas have now appeared in a very general paper..which was followed by two detailed papers on compounds showing axes and planes of pseudo-asymmetry.
1899J. Cagney Jaksch's Clin. Diagn. ii. (ed. 4) 105 In diphtheria the *pseudo-bacillus appears less frequently.
1884Science 13 June 739 *Pseudobacteria were produced by the heating of blood.
1899Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXVI. i. 400 *Pseudo-bases are substances which, by isomeric change, are capable of giving a true base of the ammonium hydroxide type from which the salts are derived. 1951C. R. Noller Chem. Org. Compounds xxx. 591 The N-alkyl-α-pyridones are obtained by the oxidation of the quaternary hydroxides. These strong bases appear to be in equilibrium with the α-hydroxydihydropyridines, which are called pseudo bases. 1960K. W. Bentley Natural Pigments i. 14 The α- and γ-pyranols are, in fact, pseudo bases, forming a salt and water on treatment with acid.
1921Jrnl. Chem. Soc. CXIX. 1470 One of the more characteristic reactions of *pseudo-basic carbinols is the formation of ethers by simple treatment with alcohols.
1927Ann. Rep. Progr. Chem. XXIV. 115 In the same way that in mobile cation tautomerism the hydrogen ion forms a more or less stable covalent link with (negative) carbon, whereas the sodium ion tends to remain in the electro⁓valent state (thus giving rise to the phenomena of pseudo⁓acidity), so..the hydroxide ion tends to co-ordinate with positive carbon, whereas very stable anions like chloride..tend to retain their ionic condition..: thus arises the phenomenon of *pseudo-basicity.
1850D. T. Ansted Elem. Course Geol., Mineral., & Physical Geogr. 579/1 (Index), *Pseudo-bedding. 1893Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. XLIX. 395 Cracks, small at first, have little by little grown into deep joints, and so the pseudo-bedding has been gradually produced. 1939Jrnl. Geol. XLVII. 72 The result of this nonuniformity in distribution of sand is that a type of pseudobedding is developed by concentration or combining of laminae representing the approach slopes of the ripple deposits. 1970R. J. Small Study of Landforms xi. 365 Many of the polished surfaces observable in glaciated valleys represent pseudo-bedding planes which have been revealed by removal of overlying sheets of rock by a quite different mechanism.
1799Hooper Med. Dict., *Pseudoblepsis. 1842Dunglison Med. Lex., Pseudoblepsia, a generic name, used by Cullen, for perversion of vision. 1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., Pseudoblepsia, false vision; hallucination of sight.
1897Mineral. Mag. XI. 333 *Pseudo⁓boleite... Between boleite and cumengeite. Boleo, Lower California. 1951C. Palache et al. Dana's Syst. Mineral. (ed. 7) II. x. 81 Pseudoboleite and boleite have been considered to be identical but the evidence favors the individual character and tetragonal symmetry of the former species. 1964Mineral. Abstr. XVI. 457/2 The mineralogy of the metalliferous areas of Iran is systematically described. Rarer species include..pseudoboléite.
1884Stand. Nat. Hist. (1888) III. 43 This gill is not functional—it receives only already aërated blood, and is therefore known as a false gill or *pseudobranch. 1871Huxley Anat. Vertebr. Anim. iii. 161 A rete mirabile, which lies in the inner side of the hyomandibular bone, and sometimes has the form of a gill. This is the *pseudobranchia.
1875C. C. Blake Zool. 205 An accessory organ in the form of an opercular gill,..different from a *pseudobranchium.
1878Amer. Jrnl. Sc. Ser. iii. XVI. 398 *Pseudobrookite. Occurs in minute tabular crystals.
1832Lindley Introd. Bot. 58 The *Pseudobulb is an enlarged aerial stem, resembling a tuber, from which it scarcely differs. 1840Penny Cycl. XVI. 477/2 By degrees large masses of pseudo-bulbs are formed by a single individual. 1890W. Watson Orchids ii. 18 Usually only one pseudo-bulb is developed at the apex or growing point of each rhizome yearly. 1934R. Stout Fer-de-Lance xvii. 292 Check..the shipment of pseudo-bulbs. 1959T. B. Morris Death among Orchids x. 77 Fat pseudo-bulbs and leaves had been torn and bruised by the fall. 1979B. & W. Rittershausen Orchids in Colour 14 The plants [sc. cymbidiums] produce a number of well rounded pseudo bulbs.
1840Penny Cycl. XVI. 477/2 Some of the species of Dendrobium are remarkable for having the *pseudo-bulbous form at one end of their stem, and the common state at the other. 1845Florist's Jrnl. 19 Oncidium pubes. A pretty little pseudo-bulbous plant; bulbs 2 inches long. 1901L. H. Bailey Cycl. Amer. Hort. III. 1166/2 The pseudo⁓bulbous species..should be hosed over thoroughly. 1976Hortus Third (L. H. Bailey Hortorium) 798/2 The rhizomes of such pseudobulbous genera, when well grown, regularly develop one or more new pseudobulbs each season.
1860Cobbold in Proc. Zool. Soc. 105 The existence [in the giraffe] of *pseudoceratophorous epiphyses permanently invested by a hairy integument.
1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 861 (Gregarinida) A ‘pseudo⁓filaria’ stage, followed by a ‘*pseudocercaria’ stage, i.e. one with a slender tail and large body like a Cercaria.
1943Mendel & Rudney in Biochem. Jrnl. XXXVII. 59/1 It is the purpose of this paper to show that there exist in the animal body two esterases capable of hydrolysing acetylcholine: a true cholinesterase acting exclusively on choline esters, and a non-specific enzyme, which hydrolyses not only esters of choline but a variety of non-choline esters as well. Moreover, experiments with both enzymes at high and low concentrations of acetyl⁓choline, have revealed a decisive difference between the two esterases, calling for a sharp distinction of the true cholinesterase from the non-specific enzyme, for which we venture to suggest the name *pseudo-cholinesterase. 1974M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. iii. 52 Alcohol..and the skeletal muscle relaxant succinylcholine are broken down by the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and pseudo⁓cholinesterase, respectively.
1683T. Smith Acc. Prusa in Misc. Cur. (1708) III. 61 Mahomet..in his Alcoran..is guilty of vile and absurd *Pseudo-chronismes.
1728Morgan Algiers I. iii. 63 Some will needs be such *Pseudo-Chronologists, that they make those three Pastors to have flourished..more than 400 years later.
1879Rutley Study Rocks xi. 187 *Pseudo-chrysolite..occurs as rounded pebbles in sand.
1900,1940*Pseudocirrhosis [see Pick's disease 1].
1953Proc. IRE XLI. 1252/1 Problems are submitted to the computer expressed in *pseudo code. An ‘interpretive’ routine then decodes the input information and calls the subroutines into play as required. 1954,1958[see interpreter 5 b]. 1959M. H. Wrubel Primer of Programming for Digital Computers ii. 24 Pseudo-codes are often easier to learn than the machine language; only a single pseudo-code instruction is needed to generate frequently used functions such as square root..and log x. 1969J. E. Sammet Programming Languages iv. 129 The early compiling work done in the United States by Dr. Grace Hopper initially involved very artificial pseudo-codes rather than mathematical notation. 1979Personal Computer World Nov. 61/2 Some [programmers] use pseudocode, a written problem definition language that looks like PL/1 or Pascal.
1887A. Sedgwick in Jrnl. Microsc. Sc. Mar. 491 The adult body cavity [in the Cape species of Peripatus] comes entirely from *pseudocœle; the enterocœle has no part in its formation. This statement applies also to the heart and pericardium. These are both *pseudocœlic, and have nothing to do with enterocœle.
1889Buck's Handbk. Med. Sc. VIII. 136/1 Three kinds of surfaces..viz.: entocœlian, lined by endyma; ectocœlian, covered by pia; and *pseudocœlian, with no distinct membrane.
1890Cent. Dict., Pseudocœlom. 1895Syd. Soc. Lex., Pseudocœlom,..false cœlom. One of the interstitial spaces found in certain of the Invertebrata, not lined with epithelium.
1888Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. XLIV. 210 The more prominent septa extend to the centre of the corallite, and then either unite..or curve round each other..forming a structure to which the name of *pseudocolumella has been given.
1890Cent. Dict., *Pseudocolumellar. 1895in Syd. Soc. Lex.
[1882Wilder & Gage Anat. Techn. 420 In the frog..[the lobes] are united by connective tissue constituting a *pseudo-commissura. ]
1943Nature 16 Jan. 70/1 N[icotiana] Forgetiana and N. alama show pseudo-compatibility only in exceptional circumstances, that is, the actions of the various allelomorphs of the switch gene are always distinctive... *Pseudo-compatibility marks the breakdown of the distinction between the types produced by the S [sc. sterility] allelomorphs. 1977Jrnl. Hort. Sci. LII. 475 Pseudocompatibility was maximized by pollinating old flowers with large quantities of pollen.
1878Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 547 This *pseudo⁓concha separates the vestibule of the nose from the internal nasal cavity.
1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 502 The *pseudocone eyes of Diptera Brachyura.
1896C. R. Van Hise in 16th Ann. Rep. U.S. Geol. Survey i. 679 The autoclastic rocks which readily show their origin may be called dynamic breccias, and those which resemble ordinary conglomerates may be called *pseudo-conglomerates. 1957F. J. Pettijohn Sedimentary Rocks (ed. 2) viii. 367 (caption) Brecciated siltstone... Brecciation was contemporaneous with sedimentation; a pseudoconglomerate. 1972Gloss. Geol. (Amer. Geol. Inst.) 574/1 Pseudoconglomerate, a rock that resembles, or may easily be mistaken for, a true or normal (sedimentary) conglomerate; e.g...a sandstone packed with many rounded concretionary bodies, or an aggregate of rounded boulders produced in place by spheroidal weathering and surrounded by clayey material.
1888Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. XLIV. 213 note, The flattened or rounded interspaces between the septa of these corals, which stand out slightly in relief, are generally termed *pseudo-costæ.
1889J. L. Lobley Mount Vesuvius x. 313 *Pseudocotunnite... Chloride of Lead with Chloride of Potassium... This mineral, which has the composition of a combination of Cotunnite and Sylvine, was obtained from the sublimations of the crater of Vesuvius following the great eruption of 1872. 1933Mineral. Abstr. V. 269 New records of minerals from Vesuvius are thenardite, pseudocotunnite,..and hieratite.
1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 308 What green have we in Mosses or Ferns, or other *Pseudocotyledonæ, more intense than in Ulva?
1890Cent. Dict., *Pseudocrisis. 1895Syd. Soc. Lex., Pseudo-crisis, an apparent crisis occurring in the course of acute lobar pneumonia, consisting in a temporary fall of 2° F to 7° F., with a subsequent rebound.
1895Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. vi. §166 Complicated structures in which twelve orthorhombic crystals are united into a single *pseudo-cubic combination.
1881Nature 24 Feb. 398/2 The isometry of radiate *pseudocubical groups.
1881Watts Dict. Chem. VIII. 1282 *Pseudocumene. 1885I. Remsen Org. Chem. (1888) 249 Pseudocumene has been made synthetically from brom-para-xylene and methyl iodide.
1817J. M. Good Physiol. System Nosology v. iii. 415 *Pseudocyesis. Symptoms of pregnancy without impregnation... Spurious Pregnancy. 1859Med. Times & Gaz. 3 Sept. 225/1 There are two varieties of pseudo-cyesis or spurious pregnancy, a local and a constitutional. 1950H. B. Friedgood in R. H. Williams Textbk. Endocrinol. x. 657 The sensation of fetal movements is reported usually during the fourth or fifth months of pseudocyesis and seems to be caused by intermittent contractions of the abdominal musculature. 1975S. L. Romney et al. Gynecol. & Obstetr. x. 152/2 Special forms of psychogenic amenorrhea include pseudocyesis or false pregnancy..and anorexia nervosa. 1980Daily Tel. 15 Mar. 3/3 Pseudocyesis, or spurious or phantom pregnancy as it is variously known is a psychological disorder in which a woman has the false but fixed belief that she is pregnant. It is a not uncommon condition, often around the menopause.
1882Encycl. Brit. XIV. 554/1 They [sc. cyphellæ] are generally naked, but are often also pulverulent or sorediiferous, in which latter case they are called *pseudo-cyphellæ. 1964Oxf. Bk. Flowerless Plants 64/1 The inner layers of the plant [sc. Pseudocyphellaria crocata]..show as conspicuous spots through small holes (pseudocyphellae) scattered over the lower surface. 1976M. E. Hale in D. H. Brown et al. Lichenology i. 6 They [sc. foliose and fruticose lichens] have pores, pseudocyphellae or cyphellae, for gas exchange.
1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 860 (Gregarinida) The protoplasm not used up [for sporoblasts]..in Stylorhynchus..collects into a central spherical mass, the *pseudocyst. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 648 The density of the walls of these pseudo-cysts and their very restricted vascularity doubtless explains this retention.
1862Dana Man. Geol. 180 A triangular prominence called a *pseudo-deltidium. 1895Cambr. Nat. Hist. III. 498 This pseudo-deltidium is a primitive character, and arises in an early stage of the development.
1849Dana Geol. xvii. (1850) 655 Another small *pseudo-dike, six inches wide.
1895Syd. Soc. Lex., *Pseudo-diphtheria, term for membranous pharyngitis or tonsillitis closely resembling diphtheria in its symptoms. 1899J. Cagney Jaksch's Clin. Diagn. ii. (ed. 4) 105 A micro-organism..named the pseudo-diphtheria-bacillus.
1895S. T. Armstrong in Pop. Sci. Monthly Feb. 515 The difficulty of distinguishing..the diphtheritic from the *pseudo-diphtheritic inflammation.
1930Amer. Naturalist LXIV. 561 An actual loss or inactivation of chromatin material, leading to exaggeration and *pseudo⁓dominance. 1938Yearbk. Carnegie Inst. XXXVII. 306 The ‘Minute’ effect is lethal when homozygous..and gives pseudo-dominance to straw in hybrids. 1969W. D. Stansfield Schaum's Outl. Theory & Probl. Genetics viii. 157 When an organism heterozygous for a pair of alleles, A and a, loses a small portion of the chromosome bearing the dominant allele, the recessive allele on the other chromosome will become expressed phenotypically. This is called pseudodominance, but it is a misnomer because the condition is hemizygous rather than dizygous at this locus.
1965Science 26 Nov. 1123/3 This *pseudodominant expression of fa can be understood by considering N as a deficiency for salivary band 3C7, wherein lies the wild-type allele of fa; the facet phenotype is expressed because the wild-type allele is missing. 1975J. B. Jenkins Genetics iv. 165 The white-eye mutant allele was pseudodominant in deletions numbered 258-11..and 264-31.
1896W. Caldwell Schopenhauer's System iii. 149 A *pseudo-entity..like ‘mere matter’ or a mere Epicurean god in the interstellar spaces. 1912Mind XXI. 214 ‘Matter’ is..a pseudentity. 1937B. Russell Princ. Math. (ed. 2) p. xi, I do not mean that statements apparently about points or instants or numbers, or any of the other entities which Occam's razor abolishes, are false, but only that they need interpretation which shows that their linguistic form is misleading, and that, when they are rightly analysed, the pseudo-entities in question are found to be not mentioned in them. 1944M. Black in P. A. Schilpp Philos. B. Russell 231 Vocabulary, by promoting the hypostatization of pseudo-entities, encourages false beliefs concerning the contents of the world. 1956J. Holloway in A. Pryce-Jones New Outl. Mod. Knowl. 31 Metaphysical jargon could be abandoned once for all, and so could all pretended references to pseudo-entities which could never conceivably be observed.
1895Syd. Soc. Lex., *Pseudo-erysipelas... An inexact term for conditions resembling erysipelas.
1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. (ed. 6) 340 In so-called phlegmonous, or *pseudo-erysipelatous inflammations.
1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 403 This substance is the result of the action of boiling alcohol on erythrin... Heeren has distinguished it by the name of *pseudo-erythrin.
1904B. Russell in Mind XIII. 207 What is called the existence of an object in presentation is not really existence at all: it may be called *pseudo⁓existence. 1934Mind XLIII. 375 Confronted with Meinong's obscure and tentative utterances about immanence and pseudo-existence, Mr. Russell reasonably protested.
1953Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. CCXXXVII. 360 The *pseudofaecal strings are conveyed to the end of the waste canals and so into the angle between the inner lobe of the mantle edge and the ctenidial membrane.., above which they are caught in the exhalant current and carried away. 1967J. H. Day in G. H. Lauff Estuaries 401/2 It feeds at low tide levels, spooning up the surface silt with its chelae, sucking out the detritus, and discarding the silt as pseudo⁓fecal pellets. 1975Jrnl. Marine Biol. & Ecol. XVII. 4 Since filtration rate and pseudofaecal production determine the amounts of material ingested they are important in studying the efficiency with which bivalves control their rates of ingestion.
1936Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. LXXIX. 207 It was mostly through this aperture ventral to the siphons that collections from the mantle (*pseudo⁓faeces) were expelled on sudden closure of the valves. 1976B. L. Bayne et al. in Marine Mussels v. 145 All material to be removed is transferred to the rejection tracts of the mantle edge. These tracts convey the material to the posterior margin of the inhalant siphon, adjacent to the exhalant opening, where it is deposited as pseudofaeces and is carried away by the exhalant current.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. ii. 94 The *pseudo-filaria passes into the condition of the adult Gregarina.
18..Underwood in Bulletin Illinois State Lab. II. 6 *Pseudo-foliaceous forms, in which the thallus is lobed, the lobes assuming leaf-like forms.
1937Mind XLVI. 252 A patient suffering from hemianopia developed a ‘*pseudo-fovea’ in the sound halves of his eyes. 1967Lyle & Wybar Lyle & Jackson's Pract. Orthoptics in Treatm. of Squint (ed. 5) ix. 208 The definition of the image (visual acuity) at the ‘pseudo-fovea’ will be less clear than at the ‘suppressed’ fovea.
1946N. A. Stutterheim Squint & Convergence xii. 37 The technique is..to have the non-squinting eye occluded in order to encourage the true fovea and to discourage *pseudo-foveal inclinations.
1930Amer. Jrnl. Roentgenol. XXIV. 31/1 Fromme considers the point of involvement of those spontaneous *pseudofractures to be about 1 inch below the epiphyseal line. 1950Shank & Kerley Textbk. X-Ray Diagnosis (ed. 2) xi. 136 Pseudo-fractures or umbauzonen are always associated with systemic disease or malacic processes, such as Paget's diseases, adolescent rickets.., fibrous dysplasia and osteomalacia. 1976Gordan & Vaughan Clin. Managem. Osteoporoses vii. 80 The pathognomonic x-ray finding of osteomalacia is the presence of bilateral symmetrical pseudofractures, described by Looser in 1920 and therefore often called Looser zones.
1887H. M. Ward tr. Sachs' Physiol. Plants xxviii. 464 The Fig..is a so-called *pseudo-fruit.
1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 242 As it has much the aspect of Galena, and yet contains little or no lead, it has been called *Pseudo Galena.
1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 791 (Porifera) Such fusion frequently leads to the enclosure of spaces really external to the sponge-body, which form a false gastric cavity (*pseudogaster) opening by a false osculum (pseudosculum s. pseudostome) and false pores (pseudopores).
1888Sclater in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sc. Feb. 349 The outer layer of the *pseudogastrula forms in later stages the wall of the embryonic vesicle.
1977C. Jacq et al. in Cell XII. 109/1 The 5S DNA of Xenopus laevis, coding for oocyte-type 5S RNA, consists of many copies of a tandemly repeated unit of about 700 base pairs. Each unit contains a ‘*pseudogene’ in addition to the gene. The pseudogene has been partly sequenced and appears to be an almost perfect repeat of 101 residues of the gene. Ibid. 109/2 This homologous structure was nearly as long as, and almost an exact repeat of, the gene itself; hence the name—pseudogene. 1978Nature 19 Jan. 205/2 The GC-rich region of 5S DNA also contains a pseudogene which is identical to the first 101 base pairs of the gene at all but 10 sites.
1882J. M. Crombie in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 557/2 They occur only in a gonidial or rudimentary state, constituting the *pseudo-genus Lepraria of the older botanists.
1855Dunglison Med. Lex., *Pseudogeusia, false taste.
1857Ibid., *Pseudogeustia, pseudogeusia.
1953W. L. Kubiëna Soils of Europe 242 The modification of ‘gley-like soil’ to *pseudogley has been made here to make it conform to the rules of nomenclature, whereby the type designation should be expressed by a noun. Ibid. 244 In typical pseudogley the concretions are extremely numerous and are readily visible to the naked eye. 1965B. T. Bunting Geogr. of Soil xiv. 163 Soils on elevated sites on clayey parent materials develop the mottling typical of gleization at some depth beneath a dark brown, granular or blocky structured surface horizon. Such soils have been termed pseudogleys. 1973J. Mulqueen in Schlichting & Schwertmann Pseudogley & Gley 713 The pseudogley soils at Ballinamore are stratified into essentially two layers.
1884H. R. Swanzy Handbk. Dis. Eye xvii. 307 Purulent inflammation of the vitreous humour (to which unfortunately the name *pseudo-glioma is sometimes applied). 1946Berens & Zuckerman Diagnostic Exam. Eye ix. 258 In children retinoblastoma (glioma) should be differentiated from an abscess of the vitreous (pseudoglioma). 1962New Scientist 5 Apr. 801/1 Ophthalmologists had been used to examining babies with an abnormal mass of organized tissue behind the lens of the eye, and the non-committal and portmanteau term of ‘pseudoglioma’ had served as a diagnosis in many of their cases.
1905Jrnl. Physiol. XXXII. 329 A portion of the globulin solution was dialysed... The euglobulin which fell out was removed... The fluid remaining after dialysis contained the *pseudo⁓globulin. 1964W. G. Smith Allergy & Tissue Metabolism vi. 69 Bradykinin is present in normal blood as an inactive precursor, bradykininogen, which is a component of the pseudoglobulin fraction of plasma.
1962D. J. McCarty et al. in Ann. Internal Med. LVI. 711 (heading) The significance of calcium phosphate crystals in the synovial fluid of arthritic patients: the ‘*pseudogout syndrome’. Ibid. 712/1 It is suggested that these patients represent a discrete type of arthritis, labeled ‘pseudo⁓gout’ because in some respects it resembles classical gouty arthritis. 1972Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 2 Mar. 2/2 Pseudo-gout is an attack that resembles an attack of gout, in that it strikes at a joint (usually the knee) with dramatic suddenness and with just as severe pain. 1975Amer. Jrnl. Roentgenol. CXXIII. 532/1 Acute attacks of pseudogout have occurred following surgery, trauma, and injection of mercurial diuretics.
1884Nature 15 May 69/1 The solitary egg of the female [aphis]..develops into a gall-making aphis, the foundress *pseudogyne. This produces..winged young (emigrant pseudogynes).
1851Zoologist IX. p. cxlii, This class of phenomena might be called *Pseudogynous, that is, falsely or imperfectly female.
1903Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 172 E. Wasmann returns with fresh light to a discussion of ‘*pseudogyny’ in Formica sanguinea.
1890W. James Princ. Psychol. II. xix. 116 From ordinary images of memory and fancy, *pseudo-hallucinations differ in being much more vivid, minute, detailed..abrupt and spontaneous, in the sense that all feeling of our own activity in producing them is lacking. 1902A. R. Defendorf Kraepelin's Clin. Psychiatry 7 This group of hallucinations, which has been variously designated as psychic hallucinations.., pseudohallucinations (Hagen), and apprehension hallucinations,..involves several or all of the sensory fields, and..stands in close relation to the other contents of consciousness. 1903Myers Human Personality I. p. xvii, A pseudo-hallucination is a quasi⁓percept not sufficiently externalised to rank as a ‘full blown’ hallucination. 1968P. McKellar Experience & Behav. iv. 120 What is sometimes called ‘pseudo-hallucination’..involves a projected perceptual⁓like image, but one in which the person concerned recognizes the subjective nature of the occurrence.
1902W. James Var. Relig. Exper. x. 251, I refer to hallucinatory or *pseudo-hallucinatory luminous phenomena, photisms, to use the term of the psychologists.
1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. viii. 465 It is probable that these ‘*pseudo-hearts’ subserve the function both of renal organs and of genital ducts.
1890Cent. Dict., *Pseudohexagonal. 1895Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. vii. §308 Fig. 261 represents a crystal of witherite, and illustrates the pseudo-hexagonal aspect of many crystals in this [the orthorhombic] system.
1955L. Ovesey in Psychiatry XVIII. 17 The dependency and power components..seek completely different, non-sexual goals, but make use of the genital organs to achieve them... For this reason, I have designated these two components as *pseudo⁓homosexual. Ibid., This paper consists of a case study that provides clinical documentation for the concept of *pseudohomosexuality. 1962I. Bieber et al. Homosexuality i. 10 A neurosis divisible into true and pseudohomosexual types. 1966I. B. Weiner Psychodiagnosis in Schizophrenia xiv. 309 Pseudohomosexual concerns often emerge in the course of these reflections because the thought, ‘I am a failure’, readily translates into ideas of being something less than an adequate man and hence a homosexual.
1878D. F. Lincoln tr. Eulenburg in Ziemssen's Cycl. Pract. Med. XIV. 155 More and more stress is laid on the connection between *pseudo-hypertrophy and progressive muscular atrophy. 1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., *Pseudo-hypertrophic paralysis, a rare disease of infancy and childhood... Pseudohypertrophy. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 184 Duchenue's paralysis, in which pseudo-hypertrophy occurs.
1954Arch. Dis. in Childhood XXIX. 404/1 Any effect of chronic hypocalcaemia on physique is likely to be more evident if the disease is present early, and the preponderance of dwarfism among *pseudo-hypoparathyroid cases may be in part a reflection of the fact that in them the disorder is probably present from birth.
1942F. Albright et al. in Endocrinology XXX. 922 (heading) Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism—an example of ‘Seabright-Bartan Syndrome’. 1966Wright & Symmers Systemic Path. II. xxxii. 1126/2 In pseudohypoparathyroidism, because hypocalcaemia is present from birth, the epiphyses and sutures close early, with the result that the patient is short and thickset in stature and has a characteristic round face. 1976Lancet 20 Nov. 1106/2 Among suggested causes [of neonatal hypocalcæmia] are..decreased responsiveness of end⁓organs to parathyroid hormone (a form of pseudohypoparathyroidism), and vitamin-D deficiency.
1863H. Spencer First Princ. ii. 36 We can entertain them [sc. hypotheses] only as we entertain such *pseud-ideas as a square fluid and a moral substance. 1879W. James Coll. Ess. & Rev. (1920) 130 Professor Bain would no doubt say that nonentity was a pseud-idea not derived from experience and therefore meaningless. 1911― Some Probl. of Philos. xii. 197 The pseudo-idea of a connection which we have, Hume then goes on to show, is nothing but the misinterpretation of a mental custom.
1957D. D. McCracken Digital Computer Programming xv. 182 The very first order of business on jumping into the interpretive routine is to increase index 1 by 1 so that it contains the location of the first *pseudo instruction. 1967P. A. Stark Digital Computer Programming xii. 198 In addition to all the arithmetic and input-output instructions..the symbolic language has a number of pseudo-instructions to the symbolic assembler. 1975R. M. Graham Princ. Systems Programming 388 Pseudo instructions are used to define symbols, define constants, reserve space in the object segment, and provide the assembler with other information.
1879T. J. Dills tr. J. Stilling in Arch. Ophthalm. VIII. 182 If we intermix the different shades of both inter⁓changeable colors in smaller or larger squares, in such manner that the squares of the one color form letters and figures, and those of the other the groundwork, so that the different intensities alternate in ground and letter..the question as to judgment of colors is rendered unnecessary, the inquiry being merely about letters, numbers, figures. This is the principle of the *pseudo-isochromatic plates. 1949H. C. Weston Sight, Light & Efficiency vii. 241 For distinguishing between the varieties of colour-sense deficiency,..what are called pseudo-isochromatic plates are available. 1970R. A. Moses Adler's Physiol. of Eye (ed. 5) xxi. 638/1 Pseudoisochromatic color plates are patterns of colored and gray dots that reveal one pattern to the normal, another to the color deficient.
1963E. H. Nickel et al. in Amer. Mineralogist XLVIII. 976 The ixiolite-like minerals that convert to columbite-tantalite on heating cannot be considered as true ixiolites. For want of a better name, it is suggested that they be referred to as disordered columbite-tantalite, or as ‘*pseudo-ixiolite’. 1971Canad. Mineralogist X. 758 In all other pegmatites, pseudo-ixiolite forms either tabular grains in a medium-grained albite + quartz + muscovite + garnet assemblage in the internal parts of the pegmatite bodies.
1954W. R. Halliday Pseudokarst (Technical Note No. 25, Nat. Speleological Soc., U.S.) 1 Because the non-solugenic processes are analogous rather than homologous, it seems preferable that they should be considered as independent phenomena, i.e. *pseudokarst. Ibid., Pseudokarst may be recognized in three major non-calcareous realms: basalt flows, glaciers, and certain soils. 1960Bull. Nat. Speleol. Soc. XXII. ii. 109/1 About 25 years ago, European geologists began to discuss features of non-solutional origin which are analogous to those of areas of karstic geomorphology. These they termed pseudokarst... Hans Peter Kosack, noted German geomorphologist, believes that the term pseudokarst was first employed in print in an Italian publication in 1941... However, as Dr. Kosack has pointed out (pers. comm.),..H. Cramer employed the term in an unpublished study of the karst of the British Isles which was prepared in 1936, and believes that the term was in use in Europe as early as 1930. Ibid., Areas showing pseudokarstic features are distributed quite widely throughout the Western United States. 1968R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 849/2 Pseudokarsts produced by piping display disappearing streams, sinkholes,..residual hills and caves. 1971J. N. Jennings Karst i. 5 More obviously pseudokarstic are larger caves..and collapse depressions.
1883Packard in Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. XXI. 201 (Chilognaths) The sternite of the sub-basilar plate is usually a very large plate..with teeth on each side, and forms the ‘labium’ of Newport. It may..be termed the ‘*pseudolabium’.
1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., *Pseudoleukæmia, enlargement of the spleen and lymphatic glands with anæmia, or Hodgkin's disease. 1890Cent. Dict., Pseudoleucæmia.
1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 654 The *pseudo-leucocytes that are present in the blood in trypanosomiasis.
1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., *Pseudoleucocythæmia.
1895Syd. Soc. Lex., *Pseudo-lobar pneumonia, a syn. for Lobular pneumonia. 1897Trans. Amer. Pediatric Soc. IX. 146 The case may have been one of pseudo-lobar or mixed pneumonia.
1963Cancer XVI. 928/2 A primary lymphocytic tumour of the lung will be defined as either a malignant lymphoma of the lymphocytic type or an inflammatory *pseudolymphoma that originally involves only the lung, or the lung and its regional lymph nodes, and in which there is no evidence of dissemination of the tumor for at least 3 months after the diagnosis is established. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 25 Sept. 14/3 ‘What did you find?’ I asked. ‘A lesion, very rare,’ he exulted. ‘It is called pseudolymphoma.’..‘Is it cancer?’ ‘No.’
1972Clin. & Exper. Immunol. X. 202 The diagnosis was localized *pseudolymphomatous changes in the parotid glands and regional lymph nodes. 1976Chest LXX. 358/1 Apparently these ‘pseudolymphomatous’ lesions have the potential to regress with appropriate therapy..or may progress to frank neoplasia.
1835Shepard Min. ii. II. 122 *Pseudo-Malachite. Hemi-prismatic, copper-barite.
1835–6Todd's Cycl. Anat. I. 399/2 A consistence little..superior to that of mucous *pseudo-membranes.
1878Habershon Dis. Abdomen (ed. 3) 21 The disease termed *pseudomembranous stomatitis. 1924Arch. Pediatrics XLI. 565 (heading) Report of a case of pseudomembranous ileocolitis. 1952Gastroenterol. XXI. 212 Acute pseudo⁓membranous inflammation involving portions of the intestinal tract after abdominal operations has been a subject of major importance within the past decade. 1977Lancet 16 Apr. 839/1 Pseudomembranous enterocolitis may arise..as a complication of colonic obstruction.
1882tr. Ribot's Dis. Mem. 186 *Pseudo-memory..consists in a belief that a new state has been previously experienced, so that when produced for the first time it seems to be a repetition.
1728Nicholls in Phil. Trans. XXXV. 407 A *pseudo-metallick Substance, by the Miners term'd Glist. 1828–32Webster s.v., Pseudo-metallic luster is that which is perceptible only when held towards the light; as, in minerals. Phillips.
1849Dana Geol. ix. (1850) 515 The *pseudo-mica was nothing but altered chrysolite. [1819Lindley tr. Richard's Obs. Fruits & Seeds 74 *Pseudomonocotyledones.] 1832Lindley Introd. Bot. 188 A cohesion of the cotyledons takes place in those embryos, which Gærtner called *pseudomonocotyledonous, and Richard macrocephalous. 1866Treas. Bot. 1880Gray Struct. Bot. ii. (ed. 6) 26 A Pseudo-monocotyledonous embryo occasionally occurs,..of which one cotyledon is wanting through abortion.
1890Cent. Dict., *Pseudomorphia.
1836Amer. Jrnl. Sc. XXX. 179 M. Pelletier announces the discovery of two new substances in opium, which he terms Paramorphine and *Pseudomorphine. 1874Garrod & Baxter Mat. Med. (1880) 194 Pseudomorphine (C17H19NO4).
1883Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XLIV. 875 Paralbumin is only a mixture of a mucoid substance, *pseudomucin, with varying proportions of albumin. 1901J. L. Rothrock in C. A. L. Reed Text-bk. Gynecol. xl. 603 Pseudomucinous (Proliferating) Cysts.—To this group belong the greater proportion of ovarian cysts. 1968J. W. Huffman Gynecol. Childhood & Adolescence xiv. 279/2 Pseudomucinous Cystadenomas. These tumors owe their name to their contents, a gel-like fluid, pseudomucin, secreted by the cells of the epithelium lining the locules within the cysts.
1819Lindley tr. Richard's Obs. Fruits & Seeds 5 To recognize the true loculation of fruit..above all of those that are *Pseudomultilocular or cellular.
1887W. Phillips Brit. Discomycetes 393 Sporidia 8, fusoideo-filiform, straight or curved, *pseudo-multiseptate.
1927M. C. Rayner Mycorrhiza viii. 142 These *pseudomycorrhizas are usually simple and unbranched. 1934Forestry VIII. 102 These pseudomycorrhizas show aberrant structure in many respects. 1952S. A. Waksman Soil Microbiol. iii. 88 Pseudo⁓mycorrhiza..are endotrophic in nature. 1959J. L. Harley Biol. Mycorrhiza iv. 69 The name pseudomycorrhiza must be used with some care... Those who held a pseudoreligious belief that mycorrhizas ‘benefited’ their hosts..would refute, by the suggestion that the state being observed was pseudomycorrhizal rather than mycorrhizal, any observation which looked contrary to their own belief.
1867J. Hogg Microsc. ii. ii. 367 The Gregarinidae..multiply by..dividing into a multitude of minute objects called *pseudo-navicellae from their resemblance in shape to the ship-like diatoms (naviculae). 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. ii. 94.
1890Cent. Dict., *Pseudo⁓navicula.
1878Bell Gegenbaur's Comp. Anat. 245 This condition is permanent in the *Pseudoneuroptera, Neuroptera, and Orthoptera.
1949Psychiatric Q. XXIII. 249 In establishing the diagnosis of the *pseudoneurotic form of schizophrenia, it will be necessary to demonstrate the presence of the basic mechanisms of schizophrenia. 1966I. B. Weiner Psychodiagnosis in Schizophrenia xvi. 398 Borderline and pseudoneurotic are two of many nosological terms that have been proposed to identify fairly stable personality states in which schizophrenic features are implied but not overtly manifest. 1971Brit. Med. Bull. XXVII. 77/1 There are schools which diagnose simple or pseudo-neurotic forms of schizophrenia.
1965Language XLI. 399 Both reject the same *pseudo-objects: From..The candidate spoke two hours:..(They reported) the speaking of two hours by the candidate... Two hours were spoken by the candidate. 1966Eng. Stud. XLVII. 54 It (as a kind of pseudo-object) appears with transitive and intransitive verbs, and finally with original nouns and adjectives (to lord it, to queen it, to rough it) indicating the verbal function of these nominal parts of speech.
1956Jrnl. Assoc. Computing Machinery III. 299 One of the principal objectives of the PACT I compiler has been to eliminate as much as was immediately feasible of the book⁓keeping and rudimentary thinking which is involved in the preparation of a computational problem for a large-scale, high-speed digital computer. To this end, a set of PACT *pseudo-operations was developed. These operations are more closely related to the computational problem than the machine operands. 1976W. G. Rudd Assembly Lang. Programming v. 62 The start pseudo-operation orders the assembler to begin the assembly process.
1951M. V. Wilkes et al. Preparation of Programs for Electronic Digital Computer 17 A converse of the fact that orders are represented in the machine by numbers is that numbers may be represented outside the machine by ‘*pseudo⁓orders’, that is, tape entries which are punched in the same form as orders but which are merely intended to be used as constants and are never to be obeyed as orders. 1955Jrnl. Assoc. Computing Machinery II. 1 It is well known that programming may be simplified by the use of pseudoorders. We define these as additional orders (like square root..) which the machine cannot perform. [Note] In Wilkes, Wheeler and Gill [1951: see prec. quot.]..what we call pseudoorder is denoted there by ‘order’, whilst the word pseudoorder is used in a different context. 1964F. L. Westwater Electronic Computers ix. 143 Each sub⁓routine was allocated a code number, and ‘pseudo-orders’ were written using these numbers as functions.
1890Cent. Dict., *Pseudoparalysis. 1895Syd. Soc. Lex., Pseudoparalysis, spurious paralysis. A syn. for Dystaxia.
1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 37 *Pseudo-paraplegia.
1857Dunglison Med. Lex., *Pseudo-parasites, ectozoa.
1849Balfour Man. Bot. §1139 *Pseudo-parasitic plants, or Epiphytes. 1866Treas. Bot., Pseudo-parasites, including those plants which only attack dead tissues... Such plants are pseudo-parasitic. 1882Vines Sachs' Bot. 245 Those Protophytes which contain chlorophyll live chiefly in water, or at least in damp localities, sometimes as pseudo-parasites.
1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 258 The space between the enveloping layer and the coils of the ascogonium is filled by a *pseudo-parenchyma.
1890Cent. Dict., *Pseudoparenchymatous. 1895in Syd. Soc. Lex.
1864H. Spencer Princ. Biol. §75 I. 214 *Pseudo-parthenogenesis. It is the process familiarly exemplified in the Aphides. Here, from the fertilized eggs laid by perfect females, there grow up imperfect females, in the pseud-ovaria of which there are developed pseud-ova. 1870Rolleston Anim. Life Introd. 112 In a second class of cases, females with a more or less imperfect reproductive apparatus produce either ova, as..the ‘workers’ amongst the social Hymenoptera..; or embryos, as in the case with Aphis... This form of asexual genesis is called ‘pseudoparthenogenesis’.
1847–9Todd's Cycl. Anat. IV. i. 5/2 Body provided with variable *pseudopediform prolongations.
1909Brit. Jrnl. Dermatol. XXI. 27 Dr. J. M. H. Macleod showed a case of *pseudo-pelade (Brocq) or cicatricial alopecia in a man, aged 34 years, affecting chiefly the vertex of the scalp. 1975S. L. Moschella et al. Dermatol. II. xxv. 1206 The etiology of pseudopelade is a mystery.
1887H. E. F. Garnsey tr. A. de Bary's Compar. Morphol. & Biol. Fungi v. 275 The hymenium [of Uredineae] and the rows of spores which proceed from it are enclosed in a membranous envelope composed of a single layer of cells (the peridium, *pseudo-peridium or paraphyses-envelope). 1965Bell & Coombe tr. Strasburger's Textbk. Bot. 512 In some genera..all the spores of the peripheral chains and the terminal spores of the other chains lose their spore-like character before breaking through the epidermis and cohere as a firm investment (pseudoperidium).
1832J. Lindley Introd. Bot. i. iii. 207 *Pseudoperithecium; Pseudohymenium; Pseudoperidium; terms used by Fries to express such coverings of Sporidia as resemble in figure the parts named perithecium, hymenium, and peridium in other plants. 1895[see imperfect a. 8 b]. 1903Bot. Gaz. XXXV. 154 The head, which strongly suggests the pseudoperithecium, if it may so be termed, of the more highly differentiated species of Gymnoascus, is thus a remarkable combination of two elements of independent origin. 1928C. W. Dodge tr. Gäumann's Compar. Morphol. Fungi xxiv. 365 At maturity, the vestigial walls of the perithecium [of Coreomyces] degenerate, leaving the developing ascogonium surrounded only by the walls of the original cells of the distal region, a pseudoperithecium.
1879Engineering 5 Sept. 194/1 A new instrument..to which he [Dr. S. P. Thompson] has given the name ‘*pseudophone’.
1876tr. Wagner's Gen. Pathol. (ed. 6) 316 *Pseudo-pigmentation or pseudo-melanosis is a gray or blackish coloration, caused by the presence of sulphide of iron.
1916B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms (ed. 3) 312/1 *Pseudoplankton..organisms accidentally found floating. 1935P. S. Welch Limnology ix. 208 Pseudoplankton— debris mingled in plankton. 1947R. Ruedemann Graptolites N. Amer. i. 19 The majority of the typical graptolites lived as pseudoplankton.
1898Amer. Naturalist XXXII. 14 It is highly probable that many graptolites were indeed *pseudo-planktonic. 1969Bennison & Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles v. 105 The graptolites were planktonic or pseudoplanktonic.
1847tr. Feuchtersleben's Med. Psychol. (Syd. Soc.) 265 Traumatic influences,..(among which we must reckon the *pseudo-plasms). 1885–8Fagge & Pye-Smith Princ. Med. (ed. 2) I. 97 [Certain tumours] were accordingly termed pseudo-plasms or neo-plasms or new growths.
1892R. Thaxter in Bot. Gaz. XVII. 392 The essential characters of a *pseudo-plasmodium are common to both groups. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. XI. 44/1 Labyrinthulidae..are uninucleate marine organisms... An aggregate of many individuals may form a motile pseudoplasmodium.
1929R. V. Williamson in Industr. & Engin. Chem. Nov. 1108/1 Certain types of dispersions do not flow in accordance with the laws of either ideal fluids or ideal plastics. The flowing properties of such dispersions are similar in many respects to the flowing properties of ideal plastics; therefore we shall refer to them as pseudoplastics. The primary difference between pseudoplastic flow and ideal plastic flow is the absence of a real yield value in *pseudoplastic flow. 1958Ibid. Jan. 10/2 Aqueous solutions of the poly(ethylene oxide) with intrinsic viscosity of 9 exhibit a mucous⁓like stringiness, and when observed in a variable shear-rate viscometer can be classed rheologically as pseudoplastic. 1962Lancet 15 Dec. 1263/1 They suggest that the plastic or pseudoplastic flow of abnormally viscous bile caused by metallic ions is converted into a newtonian flow by the action of chelating agents. 1979A. L. Lydersen Fluid Flow & Heat Transfer i. 2 (caption) Velocity gradient du/dy as a function of the shear stress τ = F/A. a, dilatant fluid; b, Newtonian fluid; c, pseudo-plastic fluid; d, Bingham plastic fluid.
1938Weiss & Louis in A. E. Dunstan et al. Sci. of Petroleum II. xx. 1128/2 The phenomenon of *pseudo-plasticity is of importance in the physico⁓chemical examination of the large molecules present in petroleum. 1958Industr. & Engin. Chem. Jan. 11/2 The initially high viscosity and the low shear rate pseudo⁓plasticity are reduced. 1967New Scientist 9 Feb. 334/3 Pseudoplasticity describes the fall of viscosity with increasing shear rate.
1903Myers Human Personality I. 65 A duplication of personality..a *pseudo⁓possession, if you will—determined in a hysterical child by the suggestion of friends.
Ibid. 644 What I shall..call *pseudo-presentiments, i.e...hallucinations of memory which make it seem to one that something which now..astonishes him has been prefigured in a recent dream.
1896Ibis Jan. 11 The Ratite shoulder-girdle seems more primitive, and it is difficult to suppose that its condition is secondary and due to retrogression, or, in other words, that it is ‘*pseudo-primitive’.
1834McMurtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 430 The *pseudo-proboscis is much shorter than the body.
1877F. H. Butler in Encycl. Brit. VII. 631/2 The pseud⁓embryo or echinopædium..becomes..wedge-shaped; at its broad end appears the mouth or pseudostome, and at the other the anus or *pseudoproct. 1887Sollas ibid. XXII. 416/1 (Sponges) In one sense the oscule is always a pseudostome; it would be better if the term pseudoproct could be substituted.
1952F. Albright et al. in Trans. Assoc. Amer. Physicians LXV. 339 We wish to present today a case with all of the characteristics of pseudohypoparathyroidism except that she has no manifestations suggesting hypoparathyroidism—no hyperphosphatemia, no hypocalcemia. Thus she might be said to have..a ‘*pseudo-pseudo-hypoparathyroidism’. 1962Lancet 19 May 1075/1 (heading) Chromosomal analysis in gonadal dysgenesis with pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism. 1975Arch. Dermatol. CXI. 90/1 A 31-year-old woman with the characteristic features of pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism, such as shortened metacarpals and metatarsals, round facies, and normal serum calcium values, was studied.
1899D. Sharp in Cambr. Nat. Hist. VI. 273 The vesicular larva [of the Bee]..changes to a *pseudo-pupa... The majority..wintering as pseudo-pupae.
1887Entomologist's Mag. Dec. 149 The female larva [of the Phengodini] goes through a *pseudo-pupal state prior to the final moult.
1971Kybernetik IX. 159/1 The deep *pseudopupil of Dipterans is not to be confused with the corneal pseudo⁓pupil..and especially not with the reduced corneal pseudopupil.., in spite of the remarkable similarity of these phenomena. 1977Sci. Amer. July 108/2 Looking at the eye of an insect, we frequently see a black spot in the center of the eye. As the insect rotates its head the black spot always points in the direction of the observer. The spot is known as the pseudopupil: the facets in it look black because they reflect less light in the direction of the observer than the facets in the rest of the eye.
1975G. J. King Audio Handbk. 2 *Pseudo-quadraphony..is designated 2–2–4, which implies that the four loudspeakers obtain their signals from the two-channel source. 1976Which? May 99/3 Apart from these, there is a sort of ‘fake’ quad called, variously, Hafler (after its inventor), ambiophony, or pseudoquadrophony. With this system, you can derive some quadrophonic effect from ordinary stereo recordings and broadcasts.
1897Lippincott's Med. Dict. 840/2 *Pseudorabies, hysteria resembling rabies, or a condition in animals resembling rabies. 1906Jrnl. Nerv. & Mental Dis. XXXIII. 741 Pseudo-Rabies.—Five cases are cited of pathological alcoholic intoxication in which the patients were wild, making murderous attacks, attempting to bite persons or even trees, bed clothes, etc. 1912J. J. Walsh Psychotherapy xx. ii. 753 There seems no doubt that..pseudo-rabies occurs; that is, persons are bitten by a dog, become seriously disturbed over the possibility of rabies developing, and..there is either a neurosis simulating many symptoms of true rabies, or..even death may take place. 1931Jrnl. Exper. Med. LIV. 246 Among the laboratory animals, rabbits are stated to be more susceptible to pseudorabies than guinea pigs. 1957Smith & Jones Veterinary Path. ix. 258 Pseudorabies may be suspected in disease outbreaks in which animals die shortly after showing very severe pruritus limited to a segment of the skin.
1926Jrnl. Chem. Soc. ii. 2779 Whether he is dealing with a racemate or a *pseudo-racemate. 1973S. F. Mason in Ciardelli & Salvadori Fund. Aspects & Rec. Devel. Optical Rotatory Dispersion & Circular Dichroism iii. 212 A pseudoracemate of lel and ob diastereoisomers is not optically inactive.
1897Kipping & Pope in Jrnl. Chem. Soc. LXXI. 991 Whilst retaining the name racemic compound for a substance belonging to class (a), we propose..to call those belonging to class (b) *pseudoracemic, in order to distinguish them from mere mixtures of the two antipodes on the one hand, and from racemic compounds on the other. 1951S. Coffey tr. Wibaut's Org. Chem. viii. 218 Cases are also known in which mixed crystals of the optical antipodes separate (pseudo-racemic mixed crystals). 1972R. A. Jackson Mechanism v. 84 If the two compounds have opposite configurations no such solid solution will in general be possible, and either a simple eutectic mixture or a ‘pseudo-racemic’ compound will be formed.
1900Dorland Med. Dict. 544/2 *Pseudoreaction, a clumping or other bacterial reaction not due to the presence of the typhoid bacillus. 1928L. E. H. Whitby Med. Bacteriol. xxiii. 238 A reaction occurs in both arms, that on the control being a pseudo⁓reaction whereas that on the test arm is a combination of a pseudo and a positive reaction. 1977Compar. Biochem. & Physiol. B. LVI. 272/2 The nature and origin of the pseudo-reaction of the marine molluscan tissues remains obscure.
1899Jrnl. Morphol. XV. Suppl. 71 It may be stated..in regard to the number of chromosomes, that it is plainly greater than in the first spermatocyte division, which is known to be post-synaptic, i.e., after the *pseudo⁓reduction. 1931W. Shumway Textbk. Gen. Biol. vi. 149 The split..develops so that when the metaphase occurs only half the diploid number of chromosomes may be counted but each of these has four parts. There has been no reduction in the sense that any chromosomes have been lost; they have merely united in pairs so that the change in the number of visible chromosomes is called pseudo-reduction.
1858Carpenter Veg. Phys. §25 In plants and animals, four of the [elements] are universally present, and are called organic; two are found very generally present, and are called *pseud-organic. 1898Nature 2 June 118/1 Some of the ‘pseudorganic’ structures described in rocks might really be the casts or replacements of dried streaks.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 70 To explain the relationship of the *pseudo-rheumatic troubles to the urethral discharge.
1895Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. Index, *Pseudo-rhombohedral crystals.
1972Cotton & Wilkinson Adv. Inorg. Chem. (ed. 3) xiii. 400 A cyclic 5-coordinate intermediate is formed which then *pseudorotates.
1960Rev. Mod. Physics XXXII. 451/1 (caption) The *pseudorotated figure (b) corresponds to sending (a) through a clockwise rotation of 2/3π and permuting nuclei 1 → 3, 3 → 2, and 2 → 1.
1947Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. LXIX. 2484/2 (heading) *Pseudo-rotation of ring puckering. 1960Jrnl. Chem. Physics XXXII. 937/1 One..attractive mechanism for the exchange process in PF5 and PCl5 is a purely internal pseudorotation. 1974Nature 31 May 474/2 By dynamic reversal of the H2O binding step before pseudorotation, the two oxygens in the pair of oxoniums could equilibrate with the H2O oxygens of the medium.
1976Emsley & Hall Chem. of Phosphorus ii. 60 A shorthand notation is required for the tbp structures and their *pseudorotational transformations.
1966Teufer & Temple in Nature 9 July 180/1 As a result of an investigation of several altered ilmenite concentrates by X-ray techniques hitherto not applied to this problem, a new crystalline phase has been identified as a major constituent of altered ilmenite. The new phase crystallizes in a disordered structure of hexagonal symmetry and has the theoretical composition Fe2O3·3TiO2. We propose the name ‘*pseudorutile’ for this new mineral. 1975Amer. Mineralogist LX. 905/2 The electrochemical corrosion model is consistent with the pseudorutile composition being a stable alteration product of ilmenite in which all the iron is in the ferric state.
1910N. V. Sidgwick Org. Chem. Nitrogen vii. 152 The mercury must migrate from one position to the other, according to the solvent, just as the hydrogen atom does with a pseudo-acid, and hence mercuric nitroform should be called a *pseudo-salt. 1930Chem. Abstr. XXIV. 4021 In alc. soln. there can exist an equil. between the pseudo⁓salts and the true salts. 1953C. K. Ingold Struct. & Mechanism in Org. Chem. x. 577 Pseudo-salt formation can be seen in the reactions of methylquinolinium salts with various sources of carbanions, for instance Grignard reagents, or pseudo-acidic carbonyl or nitro-compounds.
[1880P. L. Sclater in Ibis Ser. iv. IV. 345 To place the Acromyodi abnormales of Garrod..at the end of the Passerine series under the name *Pseudoscines.
1890Billings Nat. Med. Dict., *Pseudosclerosis, name given by Westphal to cases presenting many of the symptoms of disseminated sclerosis, but in which no anatomical lesions were discovered.
1835Kirby Hab. & Inst. Anim. II. xix. 303 Two Orders..which may be denominated, *Pseudo-scorpions and Phalangidans. 1877Huxley Anat. Inv. Anim. vii. 378 The Pseudo⁓scorpions resemble the Scorpions.
1890Poulton Colours Anim. xvii. 336 Mimetic Resemblance and Alluring Colouration are called *Pseudosematic Colours, because they usually resemble Sematic or Warning and Signalling Colours. 1895Syd. Soc. Lex., Pseudosematic, belonging to protective disguises, as, e.g., the leaf-like appearance of the leaf-insect.
1889Nicholson & Lydekker Palæont. I. xx. 331 Tabulate tubes of two sizes, the larger of these being furnished with radiating *pseudosepta.
1883Hyatt in Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. XXII. 258 The central trace compares with the *pseudosiphon of the plug.
1890Cent. Dict., *Pseudosiphonal, *Pseudosiphuncle. 1895in Syd. Soc. Lex.
1608Topsell Serpents (1658) 693 There are..certain *Pseudoscinks..sold by Apothecaries, that are nothing else but a kinde of water Lizard.
1964M. Argyle Psychol. & Social Probl. v. 60 One very common type of juvenile delinquent is the ‘*pseudo-social’ delinquent, so called because he is perfectly well behaved towards other members of his gang, but not to people outside of it. 1968Hebb & Thompson in Lindzey & Aronson Handbk. Social Psychol. II. 734 It is important also to exclude pseudosocial behavior, in which grouping occurs only because of some stimulus external to the group: examples are animals running from a forest fire.
1974Black Panther 16 Mar. 11/3 Without new insights, we must really fear new outbreaks of that reactionary *pseudospeciation which found (we hope) its climax in Hitler. 1975N.Y. Times 26 Jan. x. 1/1 Erikson calls this ‘pseudospeciation’..meaning that man has falsely created divisions where there are none.
1965E. Erikson in Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry CXXII. 246/1 Sociogenetic evolution has split mankind into *pseudo-species, into tribes, nations and religions..which bind their members into a pattern of individual and collective identity, but alas, reinforce that pattern by a mortal fear of and a murderous hatred for other pseudo-species. 1968― Identity i. 41 Man as a species has survived by being divided into what I have called pseudospecies. 1974Black Panther 23 Feb. 10/2 That means we have a common faith..that each pseudospecies and each empire in some dialectical way added new elements to a more universal sense of humanity.
1835Henslow Princ. Bot. ii. vi. 277 In *pseudospermic Fruits..we may include all fruits whose pericarp is so closely attached to the seed, that it cannot readily be distinguished from one of its integuments.
1890Cent. Dict., *Pseudospermium. 1895in Syd. Soc. Lex.
1849Balfour Man. Bot. §531 Such fruits are called *pseudo-spermous.., and are well seen in the grain of wheat.
1889Cent. Dict., *Pseudosphere. 1909L. P. Eisenhart Treat. Differential Geom. Curves & Surfaces viii. 274 The surface of revolution of a tractrix about its asymptote is called the pseudosphere, or the pseudospherical surface of the parabolic type. 1926J. E. Campbell Differential Geom. ii. 28 The formulae of spherical trigonometry or of pseudospherical trigonometry will apply to any surfaces which have the same ground form as the sphere or the pseudosphere. 1947L. P. Eisenhart Introd. Differential Geom. iv. 284 The length of the segment of a tangent to a meridian from the point of contact to the axis of rotation is a, and consequently the meridian curve is a tractrix... These pseudospherical surfaces are said to be of the parabolic type. They are called pseudospheres. 1965J. D. North Measure of Universe iv. 60 In 1868 E. Beltrami..showed that Lobachevsky's plane geometry holds in Euclidean space on certain surfaces of constant negative curvature (the pseudospheres) and that these could be conformally represented on a plane.
1883Ball in Encycl. Brit. XV. 664/2 Were space really *pseudospherical, then stars would exhibit a real parallax even if they were infinitely distant. 1884tr. Lotze's Metaph. ii. ii. 233 It is clear to us what we are to think of as a spherical or pseudo-spherical surface, but not clear what can be meant by a spherical or pseudo⁓spherical space, designations which we meet with..without any help being given to us in comprehending their meaning. 1909,1926Pseudospherical [see pseudosphere above]. 1956J. R. Newman World of Math. I. iv. 645 All we know about space, he [sc. von Helmholtz] said, is what we have learned from experience. If we lived in a spherical or pseudo-spherical space our sensible impressions of the world would dictate the adoption of the non-Euclidian geometries of Riemann or Lobachevsky; nothing in our intuition would require us to adopt a ‘flat-space’ Euclidean system.
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. 714 In spiders..the open ventral spiracles of the scorpion are replaced by *pseudo⁓spiracles; these..in Epeira cancriformis,..are dark red spots with an elevated rim and centre exactly resembling spiracles, except that they are not perforated.
1900B. D. Jackson Gloss. Bot. Terms, *Pseudo-sporange, pseudosporangium, a simulated sporangium.
1874Cooke Fungi 71 These *pseudospores are at first produced in chains, but ultimately separate. 1900Gloss. Bot. Terms, Pseudospore,..a gemma or asexual vegetative bud.
1852Dana Crust. i. 425 Either part is rugate or *pseudo-squamate.
1939N. de V. Hart Bridge Players' Bedside Bk. xi. 54 The term *pseudo⁓squeeze should be reserved for those occasions when a player by ruse or subterfuge deliberately creates in the mind of an opponent the illusion that it is safe to discard from a certain suit and fatal to discard from another, when in fact the reverse is the case. 1975Times 22 July 5/1 Careful defence was needed by the British pair..to avoid being caught in a pseudo-squeeze.
1845Darwin Voy. Nat. xix. (1873) 450 A hard *pseudo-stalactitical stone.
1926I. A. Richards Sci. & Poetry vi. 56 We must confine ourselves to the other function of words, or rather..to one form of that function, let me call it *pseudo-statement. Ibid. 59 A pseudo-statement is a form of words which is justified entirely by its effect in releasing or organizing our impulses and attitudes..; a statement, on the other hand, is justified by..its correspondence..with the fact to which it points. 1933–5Wittgenstein Blue & Brown Bks. (1958) 71 One of the reasons why we are tempted to make our pseudo-statement is its similarity with the statement ‘I only see this.’ 1940Kenyon Rev. 271 Poetry consists essentially of pseudo-statements. 1947D. Rynin Johnson's Treat. Lang. 333 Only if the expression has statement meaning shall we consider it a genuine statement; otherwise we shall call it a pseudo-statement, provided it satisfies the purely grammatical requirements.
1894Kew Bull. 231 The stem (*pseudo-stem) in Musas usually arises from a perennial rootstock. 1927Bot. Gaz. LXXXIV. 337 If..the trunk is cut across..it is found to be a pseudostem composed of the overlapping close-fitting leaf sheaths alone. 1957New Biol. XI. 71 The sappy, leafy banana trunks..are really pseudostems consisting of the overlapping leaf-bases. 1972J. W. Purseglove Trop. Crops: Monocotyledons II. 357 The last leaves are produced at nodes on the flowering stem in the centre of the pseudostem.
1892Jrnl. Quekett Microsc. Club July 45 Orthostereoscopism and *pseudostereoscopism.
Ibid. 51 note, The first arrangement..when applied to the compound microscope gave *pseudostereoscopic pictures... There was transposition without a cross-over; it was, therefore, a *pseudostereoscope.
1884Michael Brit. Oribatidæ I. ix. 130 The *Pseudo-stigmata... The conspicuous organs ordinarily called stigmata, one on each side.
Ibid. 131 Each pseudo-stigma has an organ proceeding from it..which I call a *pseudo-stigmatic organ.
1874Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. XXX. 253 The great masses of gabbro in Rum often exhibit that *pseudo-stratification so often observed in igneous rocks. 1941Amer. Jrnl. Sci. CCXXXIX. 1 (heading) The development of pseudo-stratification by metamorphic differentiation in the schists of Otago, New Zealand. 1959Econ. Geol. LIV. 1161 Even, regular layering is the commonest type of pseudostratification in the section.
1833–4J. Phillips Geol. in Encycl. Metrop. (1845) VI. 766/1 The great mass of basalt..lies in a *pseudostratum of most irregular thickness.
1890Cent. Dict., *Pseudosymmetry. 1895Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. Index, Pseudo-symmetry.
1819Byron Juan i. cxxxi, Their real lues, or our *pseudo-syphilis.
1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxvii. 343 Mercury, with its *pseudo-syphilitic cutaneous affections.
1917S. J. Shand in Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. LXXII. 199 The name *pseudotachylyte has been adopted in recognition of the fact that these rocks have a great similarity to tachylyte. 1954H. Williams et al. Petrography xi. 202 X-ray investigation and measurement of the refractive index have shown some pseudotachylytes to be cryptocrystalline products of extreme crushing of rocks such as granite, without actual melting. 1971Nature 17 Sept. 189/1 More than half of the rocks consist of a very irregular pattern of small black veins embracing gneiss fragments—‘pseudotachylytes’. 1977A. Hallam Planet Earth 177 Very rarely temperature may rise enough for melting, and such frictionally-produced melts are called pseudotachylites.
1895Story-Maskelyne Crystallogr. Index, *Pseudo-tetragonal crystals.
1836–9Todd's Cycl. Anat. II. 862/2 The third tribe, Phytophaga..is..composed of *pseudo-tetramerous insects.
1957J. K. Charlesworth Quaternary Era I. xxvii. 569 Solifluxion..produces stony clays or *pseudo-tills. 1966Earth-Sci. Rev. II. 249 None of these thickness criteria, alone, can distinguish tills..from pseudo-tills.
1963R. O. Muir tr. Schwarbach's Climates of Past v. 39, I would recommend that the term tillite be applied not only to undoubted moraines but to all moraine-like sediments of probable or possible glacial or glacio-marine origin. Those later shown to be..of non⁓glacial origin, may then, more properly, be called *pseudo⁓tillites. 1963D. W. & E. E. Humphries tr. Termier's Erosion & Sedimentation x. 205 These graywackes, which must be deposited in deep water.., consist of grains of angular sand set in an argillaceous groundmass, sometimes with boulders or fragments (pseudo-tillites) not unlike the material of glacial moraines. 1968R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 473/2 Any sort of ‘accidental’ mixture such as is caused by a gravitational flow..can easily be taken for a glacial till, i.e., it is a pseudotillite.
1890B. T. Lowne Anat., Physiol., Morphol., & Devel. of Blow-Fly I. iv. 146 The *Pseudotracheæ are cylindrical channels on the oral surface of the disc. 1925A. D. Imms Gen. Textbk. Entomol. iii. 595 Fine trachea-like food channels or pseudotracheæ become evident [in Diptera]. 1954New Biol. XVII. 44 Those species [of woodlice] which can withstand drier conditions are also those which possess these ‘pseudotracheae’. 1975Nature 27 Mar. 325/1 On each half labellum of Drosophila there are..some 25 taste pegs between the pseudotracheae.
1900Miall & Hammond Harlequin Fly ii. 70 The salivary ducts..have a ring (‘*pseudotracheal’) structure.
1896G. M. Sternberg Text-bk. Bacteriol. ii. xvi. 608 Preisz (1894) has compared the bacillus of *pseudo⁓tuberculosis described by Nocard with that of Pfeiffer, of Parietti, and of Zagari, and finds them identical. 1899E. O. Jordan tr. Hueppe's Princ. Bacteriol. iv. 201 If tubercles occur in which, instead of the tubercle bacillus, other bacteria are found the affection is called pseudo-tuberculosis. 1959R. Lovell in Stableforth & Galloway Infectious Dis. Animals I. vi. 250 Caseous lymphadenitis of sheep. This is a chronic disease frequently referred to as pseudo-tuberculosis and widely distributed in South America, Australia and New Zealand. 1977Andrewes & Walton Viral & Bacterial Zoonoses xxviii. 145 The numerous cases of pseudotuberculosis in zoos and research establishments are most probably due to the contamination of feeding-stuffs and water by wild birds and rodents.
1907Jrnl. Compar. Path. & Therapeutics XX. 53 Mainly on account of the acid-fast character of the bacilli, the disease has been referred to as a pseudo-tuberculosis, and Bang has suggested that it should be called ‘chronic bovine *pseudo-tuberculous enteritis’. 1957S. L. Robbins Textbk. Path. xxix. 1101/1 Pseudotuberculous (giant cell) thyroiditis. This form of inflammation of unknown etiology is so named because of its histologic appearance. 1962Lancet 19 May 1042/1 We describe here a further case of pseudotuberculous mesenteric adenitis,..together with evidence that 3 other children in the same family and a pet dog had also been infected with Past. pseudotuberculosis.
1901A. P. Ohlmacher in Hektoen & Riesman Text-bk. Path. I. 288 Of the various pathogenic blastomycetic species obtained from morbid processes in man or under saprophytic conditions, all failed to produce anything else than ‘*pseudo⁓tumors’. 1938Smith & Gault Essent. of Path. xxiii. 232 This resemblance [to true tumors] ceases on microscopic study when the histologic evidence of neoplastic change of the cells is found to be lacking. The cells in such pseudo⁓tumors will show evidence of inflammatory hyperplasia. 1944J. F. Brailsford Radiol. Bones & Joints (ed. 3) xvii. 241 A pseudo-tumour of the spinal cord was recorded by W. E. Dandy—this was found to be a shell of bone surrounding the posterior half of the spinal cord. 1974Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xxxiv. 12/1 A pseudotumour is one of the names given to a syndrome of raised intracranial pressure unassociated with a space-occupying lesion.
1887W. Phillips Brit. Discomycetes 407 Sporidia..becoming *pseudo-uniseptate.
1964G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. ix. 218 In 5-ribosyl-uracil (‘*pseudo⁓uracil’) the uracil ring is attached to the backbone ribose through the carbon at position 5 in the uracil ring, rather than through the nitrogen at position 3. 1970Ambrose & Easty Cell Biol. iv. 133 It contained, like most tRNA molecules, a number of unusual bases, such as inosine..and pseudouracil.., and certain methylated forms of normal bases. 1978Sci. Amer. Jan. 62/3 In some systems the control function is associated with a particular modified nucleotide in the tRNA molecule, for example a uracil that has been converted into a pseudouracil.
1866–8Watts Dict. Chem. IV. 745 The *pseudo-urates are easily obtained by the action of the acid on the corresponding hydrates, carbonates, or acetates.
1866Odling Anim. Chem. 140 *Pseudo-uric acid is a recent discovery.
1959Biochimica et Biophysica Acta XXXII. 571 It is proposed (by Dr. A. Michelson) that this substance be called *pseudouridine, with the symbol ψ for the prefix ‘pseudo’ in abbreviations. 1964A. White et al. Princ. Biochem. (ed. 3) xxx. 607 Formation of pseudouridine may also occur at the polynucleotide level, but the mode of synthesis is unknown. 1978Sci. Amer. Jan. 55/1 (caption) Other structural modifications also occur. For example, the nucleoside pseudo⁓uridine (ψ) has its base attached to the ribose through a carbon atom instead of a nitrogen atom.
1881Lankester in Encycl. Brit. XII. 555/2 The edge of its [the medusa's] disc..is not provided with a velum (hence ‘Acraspeda’ of Gegenbaur), excepting the rudimentary velum of Aurelia and the well-developed vascular velum (*pseudo-velum) of Charybdæa.
1894Daily News 22 Aug. 5/3 It is this *pseudo-viscosity of ice that enables a glacier to accommodate itself to the bed over which it flows.
1951Abstr. of Papers 120th Meeting Amer. Chem. Soc. 22c (heading) Crystalline *pseudovitamin B12. 1956Nature 28 Jan. 188/1 Several substances, such as factor A and pseudo-vitamin B12, are closely related to cobalamin. 1967Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. V. 383 As in many other crustaceans, vitamin B12 is found in Nephrops... It occurs as the analogs Factor B and pseudovitamin B12.
1858T. H. Huxley in Trans. Linn. Soc. XXII. 208 The central mass..completely simulates the vitellus of an impregnated ovum; and I will therefore term it a ‘*pseudovitellus’. 1899D. Sharp in Harmer & Shipley Cambr. Nat. Hist. VI. viii. 588 There exists [in aphids]..a peculiar structure, the pseudo⁓vitellus, a sort of cellular, double string. 1924Philippine Jrnl. Sci. XXIV. 150 Henneguy..also described the origin of the ‘pseudovitellus’ from the follicular epithelium. 1946Pseudovitellus [see mycetome].
1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 394 The fires from which many minerals derive their form and aggregation are either volcanic or *pseudo-volcanic. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. II. 499 Volcanic Rocks..are divided into true volcanic and pseudo-volcanic;..the second comprehending clays and ironstones, indurated and partially melted by the heat from beds of burning coal.
1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 419 *Pseudo-volcanos are so called, because, like volcanos, they emit smoke, and sometimes flame, but never lava... Most of these are coal mines which have accidentally taken fire.
1925Mineral. Mag. XX. 463 *Pseudowavellite... Hydrated phosphate of aluminium with lime, ferric iron, and rare-earths; occurring as white encrustations (trigonal needles) on limonite and wavellite at Amberg, Bavaria. So named because of its resemblance to wavellite, of which it is perhaps an alteration product. 1942[see lewistonite]. 1951C. Palache et al. Dana's Syst. Min. (ed. 7) II. 837 Available evidence indicates that crandallite and pseudowavellite are best considered as a single species with some variation of composition, the name crandallite having priority.
1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 368 Each cycle of segments or turn of the spiral produces a whorl, which therefore, strictly speaking, is a *pseudo⁓whorl, because resulting from subsequent displacement.
1906Amer. Jrnl. Sci. CLXXI. 105 *Pseudo-wollastonite appears either in the form of small irregular grains often tabular in shape or in short prisms or fibers arranged in parallel or divergent groups. 1942Ibid. CCXL. 729 It is a most remarkable fact that, if powdered glass of the composition CaSiO3 is crystallized at any temperature, the product always consists almost exclusively of pseudo⁓wollastonite, but lumps of the same glass will crystallize readily to wollastonite with only a trace of pseudo⁓wollastonite present at temperatures between 800° and 1100°. 1970R. W. Andrews Wollastonite 2 There are two polymorphs of calcium monosilicate: wollastonite the low temperature form, and pseudowollastonite..the high temperature form. Ibid. 5 Natural pseudowollastonite has been reported from only one locality, in Iran, near the head of the Persian Gulf.
1887A. M. Brown Anim. Alkaloids 87 *Pseudoxanthine,..whose resemblance to xanthine has led to some confusion. 1890Billings Nat. Dict., Pseudoxanthin... Leucomaine found by Gautier in muscular tissue..resembling xanthin.
1900Dorland Med. Dict. 545/1 *Pseudoxanthoma, a disease resembling xanthoma. 1901Brit. Jrnl. Dermatol. XIII. 232 The author ranges himself with Darier, and considers the condition to be due to a degeneration of elastic tissue... The qualification ‘pseudo’-xanthoma should be insisted upon. 1933Arch. Dermatol. & Syphilol. XXVIII. 553 The histologic evidences of pseudoxanthoma elasticum are fragmentation and degeneration of the elastic tissue. 1961Lancet 12 Aug. 356/2 Although the lesions attributable to pseudo⁓xanthoma elasticum may be widely distributed through the tissues and organs of the body, it is more commonly recognised by dermatologists and ophthalmologists than by general physicians. 1977Proc. R. Soc. Med. LXX. 569/1 Instead of the well ordered wavy collagen bundles of normal skin, the middle and lower dermis in pseudo⁓xanthoma elasticum shows an irregular network of tangled, curled and branching fibres.
b. Cytology. pseudoˈdiploid (-ˈtetraploid, etc.) adjs., having a chromosome complement which differs from the normal diploid (tetraploid, etc.) complement in constitution but not in number. So pseudoˈdiploidy, etc.
1923Bot. Gaz. LXXVI. 330 Of two plants from our cultures, each of which had a total of 48 chromosomes in their somatic cells.., one appears to have been a chromosomal mutant of the type (4n + 1 - 1) and the other a mutant of the type (4n + 1 + 1 - 1 - 1). Such forms obviously cannot properly be called 4n or tetraploid. They..may be classified as modified tetraploids, or at most as ‘pseudotetraploids’. 1977Lancet 30 Apr. 961/1 Pseudo⁓diploidy, 46,XX,D9+,17q-, was observed in 14 marrow and in 10 blood-cells by the Giemsa staining method. 1978Nature 16 Mar. 262/1 Stable diploid, or occasionally pseudodiploid transformed cell lines have been obtained after transformation by various tumour viruses.
Add:[2.] [a.] ˈpseudo-ˌcleft a. Linguistics, applied to a two-clause sentence derived by transformation from a single clause, resembling a cleft sentence (see cleft ppl. a. d) but conveying emphasis typically through the use of a relative wh-nominal clause (as ‘what we want is x’ from ‘we want x’); similarly pseudo-cleft transformation, etc.; also absol. as n.
1967P. S. Rosenbaum in Jrnl. Linguistics III. 114 The grammaticality of the corresponding passive sentence (66a) and the pseudo-cleft (66b) is evidence that the string that she drinks beer is a noun phrase complement sentence. 1967― Gram. Eng. Predicate Complement Constructions iv. 75 The pronominal head of this construction no longer exists in a form to which the pseudocleft sentence transformations can apply. 1976Archivum Linguisticum VII. 122 Pseudo-cleft sentences, as well as cleft sentences, may be regarded as the result of the topicalization of..simple declarative sentences. 1977Language LIII. 338 While a pseudo-cleft transformation can apply to sentences whose matrix verb is hate.., it cannot apply to sentences with endeavor. 1979Trans. Philol. Soc. 34 Pseudo-cleft variants such as:.. What I am waiting for is for Mary to leave where both occurrences of for (italicized) appear overtly. 1985Word XXXVI. i. 3 These two examples illustrate what is probably the most general and widespread function of pseudo-clefts in discourse: the highlighting of theme.
also ˈpseudo-clefting, the process of transforming a sentence into a pseudo-cleft sentence.
1975Language LI. 40 In Spanish..*pseudo-clefting applies to all kinds of NP's alike. 1978Amer. Speech LIII. 24 In the following transforms, for example, clefting and pseudoclefting move you into a position of prominence and cause it to lose a possible impersonal interpretation.
ˈpseudoprime Math., any integer p which is such that ap - a is a multiple of p for a given positive integer (or base) a, or (in full absolute pseudoprime) for all positive integers a; also occas. as adj.
1971G. E. Andrews Number Theory 258/1 (Index), *Pseudo-primes. 1978Amer. Math. Monthly LXXXV. 293, 561 (= 3 x 11 x 17) is an ‘absolute pseudoprime’, i.e. it divides a561 - a for every a. 1980Math. of Computation XXXV. 1003 We investigate the properties of three special types of pseudoprimes: Euler pseudoprimes, strong pseudoprimes, and Carmichael numbers. 1988H. E. Rose Course in Number Theory i. 12 Extremely efficient methods exist for checking whether or not an integer is pseudoprime with respect to some fixed integer n. |