| 释义 |
Balkan, a.|ˈbɔːlkən|
Of or pertaining to the peninsula bounded by the Adriatic, ægean, and Black Seas, or to the countries or peoples of this region; spec. with allusion to the relations (often characterized by threatened hostilities) of the Balkan states to each other or to the rest of Europe; so in the derivatives, Balkanic |bɔːlˈkænɪk|, ˈBalkanoid adjs., ˈBalkanism.
1835Penny Cycl. III. 327/1 Balkan Mountains, or Great Balkan. 1854Jrnl. R. Geogr. Soc. XXIV. 53 The plateau of the principal Balkan chain. 1876W. Forsyth Slavonic Prov. v. 131 Bulgaria..is separated from Roumelia on the south by the lofty range of the Balkan Mountains. 1886J. G. C. Minchin Growth of Freedom in Balkan Peninsula v. 92 The Russians dismembered the Ottoman Empire, while she succeeded in keeping the Balkan States weak and divided. 1891Fortn. Rev. Sept. 365 A Balkan Federation..a scheme for the confederation of the young States of the Balkan Peninsula. 1915A. D. Innes Hohenz. vi. 88 The next episode presents itself with the great Balkan War. Ibid., In dealing with the Balkan problem, the Powers ought not to regard themselves as two hostile groups. 1915Sphere 28 Aug. 214/1 The unhappy war between the Balkanic allies after the defeat of Turkey. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXX. 370/2 Balkanic Italy (country of Gorizia E. of the Isonzo, W. Carniola, Istria, Trieste and Zara). 1924Scribner's Mag. Jan. 19/2 Patches of glaring ‘Westernism’..merely emphasize Belgrade's fundamental ‘Balkanism’. 1925Public Opinion 23 Jan. 86/2 His swarthy face with its cunning Balkanic eyes. 1925Contemp. Rev. Apr. 476 Matters that, like everything Balkanic, lie very much on the knees of the gods. 1932E. Weekley Words & Names x. 152 Romances dealing with imaginary Balkanoid principalities of homicidal atmosphere. 1962Listener 25 Jan. 157/1 There are all the makings of a ‘Balkan situation’ in West Africa.
b. Balkan frame: a frame, with weights and pulleys attached, used to provide support and traction for fractured limbs.
1929F. A. Pottle Stretchers (1930) 104 Many of the beds are fitted with elaborate frameworks of wood (‘Balkan frames’) for the proper treatment of fractures. 1936J. dos Passos Big Money 309 Charley was in the hospital three months with his leg in a Balkan frame.
Hence ˈBalkanize v., to divide (a region) into a number of smaller and often mutually hostile units, as was done in the Balkan Peninsula in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. So ˌBalkaniˈzation, ˈBalkanized ppl. a., ˈBalkanizing vbl. n. and ppl. a.
192019th Cent. Mar. 536 Great Britain has been accused by French observers of pursuing a policy aimed at the Balkanisation of the Baltic provinces. Ibid. Nov. 801 They can see nothing in..his Balkanising policy but a continual threat to European peace. 1920Public Opinion 2 July 4/3 In this unhappy Balkanised world..every state is at issue with its neighbours. 1921S. Graham Europe—Whither Bound? vii. 95 Hungary avers that a large stretch of Hungarian territory..is being Balkanized. 1922A. J. Toynbee Western Question in Greece & Turkey i. 25 The word ‘Balkanisation’..was coined by German socialists to describe what was done to the western fringe of the Russian Empire by the Peace of Brest-Litovsk. 1931A. L. Rowse Polit. & Younger Gen. x. 267 A war which began with the attempt to impose order in the Balkans has had the effect of balkanizing Europe. 1960Economist 15 Oct. 216/1 The African leaders..owe it to themselves..to grasp what there is in the majority report for them before they opt for balkanisation. 1967Listener 11 May 607/2 A great majority of senior states and leaders would consider such a new Balkanizing of the world disastrous. |