| 释义 |
bailiff|ˈbeɪlɪf|
Forms: 3–5 baillif, 3–7 bailif, 4 balyf, 5 baillyve, 6 bailliff, bailiffe, baliffe, balyfe, -yve, -ive, baylyff, bailiefe, 6–7 baylife, bayliffe, 7 baliffe, bailive, bayllive, 7–8 bayliff, 6– bailiff.
[ME. baillif, a. OF. baillif, obj. case of baillis (12th c.):—late L. bājulīvus, prop. an adj. f. bājulus, originally ‘carrier,’ afterwards ‘carrier on, manager, administrator.’ (See bail n.1 and cf. bājulāre under bail v.1 Bājulīvus thus meant ‘(one) having the nature or character of a bājulus.’ In med.L. ballivus, baillivus, balivus, from the F. and Eng. words.)]
1. One charged with public administrative authority in a certain district.
a. In England, formerly applied to the king's officers generally, including sheriffs, mayors, etc. nominated by him, but especially to the chief officer of a hundred; still the title of the chief magistrate of various towns, as the High-bailiff of Westminster, and of the keeper of some of the royal castles, as the Bailiff of Dover Castle.
1297R. Glouc. 473 That ple solde be ibroȝt Biuore the king and is bailifs. a1300Cursor M. 6445 Ietro him gaf counsaile vnder baillifes [v.r. baillis, bayles, bailies] ham to sette. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxxi. 213 The quene sent in hast to the Baillifs of wynchestre. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. II./290 His father..was then Bailive of Hemlingford hundred. 1757Burke Abridgm. Eng. Hist. Wks. X. 343 The bailiffs of hundreds, and tithings, and boroughs, with their people. 1835Penny Cycl. III. 290/1 The sheriff is called the King's bailiff, and his county is his bailiwick. 1873Stubbs Const. Hist. I. v. 102 The gerefa, who becomes after the Conquest the bailiff of the hundred. Ibid. III. xxi. 561 In those towns in which there was no mayor, the presidency of the local courts remained with the bailiffs.
fig.1655Fuller Hist. Camb. (1840) 105 Down comes the bailiff of Bedford (so the country-people commonly call the overflowing of the river Ouse), attended..with many servants..and breaks down all their paper-banks.
b. Used as the English form of the title of various foreign magistrates; e.g. the French bailli, and German Landvogt; also of the bailly or first civil officer in the Channel Islands, and formerly also of the Sc. bailie.
1681Act (Scotl.), Lond. Gaz. No. 1649/2 Sheriffs, Stewards, Bailiffs of Royalty and Regality. 1693Apol. Clergy Scot. 23 One of the Magistrates of Glasgow..made a Bailiff by the Archbishop. 1694Falle Jersey v. 129 Bailiff and Jurats of the said Isle for the time being. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) II. i. iv. 22 The great bailiff of the district, of which there are..about twenty five in the hanoverian dominions. 1855Milman Lat. Chr. (1864) V. ix. vii. 366 Henry while yet Bailiff of the Empire, during the captivity of Baldwin. 1860Motley Netherl. (1868) I. iii. 77 De Griyse formerly bailiff of Bruges. 1862Ansted Channel Isl. iv. xxiii. 524 The Bailiff or Judge, is the first civil officer in each island. 1864Kirk Chas. Bold I. ii. ii. 492 A royal envoy, the bailiff of Lyons.
2. An officer of justice under a sheriff, who executes writs and processes, distrains, and arrests; a warrant officer, pursuivant, or catchpoll.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. ii. 59 Shireues and here clerkes, Bedelles and Bailliues. 1538Bale Thre Lawes 1613 Ther someners and ther scribes..With balyues and catchpolles. 1588Fraunce Lawiers Log. i. xix. 67 Returned by the Shiriffe and warned by his bayliffe. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iii. 102 He hath bene since an Ape-bearer, then a Processe-seruer (a Bayliffe). 1712Steele Spect. No. 330 ⁋3, I was arrested and conveyed..to a Bayliff's house. 1863Burton Bk. Hunter 326 A bailiff making an inventory of goods on which he has taken execution.
fig.a1656Bp. Hall Rem. Wks. (1660) 22 The conscience is but God's Bayliff.
3. The agent of the lord of a manor, who collects his rents, etc.; the steward of a landholder, who manages his estate; one who superintends the husbandry of a farm for its owner or tenant.
1531Elyot Gov. iii. xx. 1574tr. Littleton's Tenures 17 a, Which they shall delyver unto the stewarde or baylife. 1617Janua Ling. 526 The baliffe gathereth-in harvest into the barne. 1678R. Lestrange Seneca's Mor. (1702) 420 My Bayliff told me 'twas none of his Fault. 1848Kingsley Saint's Trag. iii. ii. 156 Here's Father January taken a lease of March month, and put in Jack Frost for bailiff. 1866Geo. Eliot F. Holt (1868) 36 I'm going over one of the farms..with the bailiff.
4. Comb., as bailiff-haunted; † bailiff-errant (see quot.); bailiff-peers, assessors of the bailiff of a town. See also bum-bailiff.
1612Davies Why Ireland, etc. (1787) 201 The under⁓sheriffs and bayliffs errant are better guides and spies. 1641Termes de la Ley 35 Baylifes Errant are those that the Sherife maketh and appointeth to go about the County to execute Writs, to summon the county, Sessions, assises and such like. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4338/1 The humble Address of the Bailiff, Recorder..Bailiff-Peers, Town Clerk, and Burgesses of Wenlock. 1812J. & H. Smith Rej. Addr., Cui bono ix, The bailiff-haunted throng. |