| 释义 |
baggage, n. and a.|ˈbægɪdʒ|
Forms: 5–6 bagage, 6 bagguage, baggadge, (badgage), bagige, 5– baggage.
[a. OF. bagage (15th c. in Littré) ‘property packed up for carriage’ (= Pr. bagatge, Sp. bagage), f. baguer ‘to tie up, bind, truss up,’ or f. the cogn. n. bagues, i.e. ‘bundles, packs’ (used, much earlier, in the same sense as the collective bagage), pl. of bague = Pr. bagua, It. and late L. baga; cf. bag. Sense 4, not in Fr., is found in Sp. bagage; 6 and 7 have been referred by various etymologists to F. bagasse (= Pr. baguassa, Sp. bagasa, It. bagascia), with which they coincide in sense; but no formal connexion has been traced; they also arise naturally enough out of those that precede, and seem really to be senses of this word, at most influenced in use by the F. bagasse. The latter is itself of uncertain origin. See Littré.]
A. n. Commonly collective in senses 1–4 (formerly occas. with pl.); in senses 5–7 an ordinary n. with pl.
1. a. The collection of property in packages that one takes along with him on a journey; portable property; luggage. (Now rarely used in Great Britain for ordinary ‘luggage’ carried in the hand or taken with one by public conveyance; but the regular term in U.S.)
c1430Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 18 To gete hem Bagage, put hem sylffe in prees. c1450‘Chaucer's’ Dreme Wks. (Bell) 101 Was left not one, Horse, male, trusse, ne baggage. 1530Palsgr. 196/2 Baggage, baguaige. 1578T. N. tr. Conq. W. India 23 Indians..to serve and to cary baggage. 1703Maundrell Journ. Jerus. (1732) 11 Arrived with all our Baggage on the other side of the River. 1739W. Stephens in Colonial Rec. Georgia (1906) IV. 410 The Captain..was carrying divers parcels of baggage to the water-side. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xx, Mrs. Arnold politely offered to send..for my son's baggage. 1842J. S. Buckingham Slave States II. 173 The cart he was driving contained their baggage. 1852C. A. Bristed Upper Ten Thousand 81 An American never uses the conversational term luggage, but always speaks of his impediments as baggage. 1883P. Pember in Harper's Mag. Dec. 110/1 Keep a sharp look out on your baggage.
b. ellipt. A baggage-car on a train. U.S.
1926J. Black You can't Win vii. 82 It was a warm night, and riding the front end of the baggage was pleasant enough.
2. a. spec. The portable equipment of an army; = L. impedimenta.
1489Caxton Faytes of A. i. xiii. 34 Baggage and fardellages must be taken. 1523Ld. Berner's Froiss. I. xviii. 26 They of Heynaulte [sent back] their harneys and baggages by water. 1591Garrard Art Warre 13 Borne of the Boyes amongest other Baggage. 1650Fuller Pisgah ii. xi. 232 Two hundred..foot being faint stayed with the baggage. 1701Lond. Gaz. No. 3711/1 Their Artillery and heavy Baggage have passed likewise. 1810Wellington in Gurwood Disp. V. 515 The baggage of the British army is always an embarrassment.
b. The baggage-train of an army, and the men guarding it.
1603Knolles Hist. Turkes, Turning the head of their baggages toward the fort. 1611Bible Judith vii. 2 Twelue thousand horsemen, beside the baggage, and other men that were afoot.
c. bag and baggage: see bag 20.
†3. fig. Encumbrances, burdensome matters. Obs.
1607Bacon Riches, Ess. (Arb.) 230, I cannot call Riches better, then the Baggage of Vertue. 1757Smollett Reprisal i. viii. (1777) 160, I..never burden my brain with unnecessary baggage.
†4.
a. Rubbish, refuse, dirt. Obs.
1549Chaloner Erasm. Moriæ Enc. A iv, Nettles, Thistles..or suche lyke baggage grow. 1576Gascoigne Steele Glas (Arb.) 79 When brewers put no bagage in their beere. 1587Golding De Mornay xviii. (1617) 318 Dust, Coales, Ashes and such other baggage. 1645Ward Serm. bef. Ho. Commons 31 It runs out in weeds and baggage. 1661Hickeringill Jamaica 88 A mere Glut, Like loathed Baggage to the nauseous Gut.
†b. Purulent or corrupt matter, pus. Obs.
1576Newton Lemnie's Complex. 118 (D.) Naughty baggage and hurtfull phlegme. 1610P. Barrough Physick v. vi. (1639) 278 The abscession being already come to suppuration..if the matter or any other baggage therein contained, be not discussed, etc.
†c. A trifle, a trashy article. Obs.
1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 205/2 May decke her selfe simply..neither haue these little trifling bagages.
†d. fig. Spoken or written trash, rubbish, ‘rot.’
1538Bale Thre Lawes 1716 And shall thys baggage put by the word of God? 1545R. Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 83 A Boke..wherin he..settes oute much rifraffe, pelfery, trumpery, baggage, and beggerie ware. 1579Fulke Heskins's Parl. 240 To read such beastly baggage.
†e. fig. Dregs, offscouring, riff-raff. Obs.
1603H. Crosse Vertues Commw. (1878) 117 The very scum, rascallitie, and baggage of the people.
† f. Contemptuously applied after the Reformation to the rites and accessories of Roman Catholic worship. Obs.
1549Olde Erasm. Par. Eph. Prol. C iiij, This Popyshe baggage of dumme ceremonies. 1566Knox Hist. Ref. Wks. 1846, I. 191 Pilgremage, pardonis, and otheris sic baggage. 1566Lincolnsh. Ch. Furn. 88 Vestments, Copes, albes, Tunacles and all other such baggages were defaced. 1579Tomson Calvin's Serm. Tim. 85/1 They come with their deuotions, as to heare a masse, to do their bagage. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 1368/1 With their hallowed baggages from Rome to poison the senses.
†5. A worthless or vile fellow. Obs.
1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits (1616) 209 They might soundly sleepe on his eyes, although by nature he were a baggage. 1601Holland Pliny I. 111 Catamites and shamefull baggages that king Alexander the Great left there.
6. A worthless good-for nothing woman; a woman of disreputable or immoral life, a strumpet.
1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. Induct. i. 3 Y'are a baggage, the Slies are no Rogues. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. 81 Every common soldior carrying with him his she-baggage. 1611Cotgr., Bagasse, a Baggage, Queane. 1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 197 A baggage, or Souldier's Punk, Scortum Castrense. 1712Steele Spect, No. 450, ⁋5 That Wife dying, I took another, but both proved to be idle Baggages. 1850Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xii, He only swore the gal was a baggage, and that he was devilish unlucky. 1851Thackeray Eng. Hum. ii. (1858) 68 She was a disreputable, daring, laughing, painted French baggage, that Comic Muse.
7. Used familiarly or playfully of any young woman, especially in conjunction with artful, cunning, sly, pert, saucy, silly, etc. (Cf. wench, minx, hussy, gipsy, rogue, etc.)
1672Davenant Wits (1673) 182 The Baggages About you are able to earn their own living. 1687Congreve Old Batch. i. iii, I believe the Baggage loves me. 1715Addison Drummer ii. i, Here comes Abigal. I must teaze the baggage. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xxviii, Tell them they are two arrant little baggages. 1822W. Irving Braceb. Hall iii. 24 She has an orphan niece, a pretty, soft-hearted baggage.
†B. adj. (from attrib. use of the n. in sense 4; cf. trumpery.) Obs.
†1. Rubbishy, refuse. Obs.
1548Udall Erasm. Par. N.T. Pref. 10 The trashe and bagguage stuf..this man hath sifted out. 1640J. Dyke Worthy Commun. 203 Thistles, nettles, and such like baggage trash.
†2. Trashy, worthless, beggarly, trumpery, despicable; cf. A 4. Obs.
1553Brende Q. Curtius B b vj, In respect wherof the spoiles of the Percians were but vile, and bagage. 1580North Plutarch (1676) 458 Hyccara, a baggage Village of the barbarous People. 1586J. Hooker Girald. Irel. in Holinsh. II., 157/1 So addicted to poperie and that baggage religion. 1605A. Wotton Answ. Pop. Articles 121 God..is crusht vp togeather into the compasse [of] a baggage wafer cake. a1625Boys Wks. (1630) 183 We may not..breake God's net, because there are some baggage fish.
†3. Of persons: Morally worthless, good-for-nothing, vile, ‘scurvy.’ Obs.
1580North Plutarch (1676) 1003 This baggage fellow Burrus. 1592W. Wyrley Armorie 147 His badgage mind to craft was whole disposd. 1626Shirley Maid's Rev. iv. ii, That baggage Ambitious girl, Berinthia. 1668Rolle Abridgm. 56 Si home dit à..un Town-Clark..Thou art a..bribing Knave, a baggage Knave, a dissembling Knave..Action gist. a1670Hacket Abp. Williams ii. 123 (D.) [He] had nothing to do with that baggage woman.
†4. Purulent, nasty, corrupt. Obs.
1576Newton Lemnie's Complex. (1633) 177 Affected with this baggage phlegme and distilling humour. 1597Gerard Herbal (1633) 665 [It] draweth forthe much baggage flegme.
C. Comb. and attrib.
1. Obvious combinations, chiefly attrib., from the n. in senses 1 and 2, as baggage-agent, baggage-animal, baggage-car, baggage-cart, baggage-elephant, baggage-hatch, baggage-horse, baggage-man, baggage-necessaries, baggage-tag, baggage-train, baggage-truck, baggage-wagon. Also baggage-bound adj.
1858W. P. Smith Railw. Celebr. 2 (Advt.), On almost all the trains will be found Baggage or Express Agents.
1852Grote Greece ii. lxix. IX. 44 Many baggage-animals perished of hunger.
1867Record Supp. 7 Aug., The saddled donkeys, camels baggage-bound.
1833Amer. Railroad Jrnl. II. 725/3 An agent is always stationed at the brake of the baggage car. 1878B. F. Taylor Between Gates 26 A Babel of trunks is surging towards the baggage-cars.
1749Fielding Tom Jones vii. xi. (1840) 95 The portmanteau..being put up into the baggage-cart. 1842J. S. Buckingham Slave States II. 173 A barouche..and a baggage-cart following with five trunks.
1824Edin. Rev. XLI. 35, I amused myself with looking at a baggage-elephant.
1891Kipling Light that Failed xiv. 301 Cabin as close to the baggage-hatch as possible.
1640–1Kirkcudbr. War-Comm. Min. Bk. (1855) 143 The Committie ordaines that Roger Oliver, baggage man of Ironegray, be answerable for the baggage horss thairof. 1820Scott Monast. xxxv, The pedlar was..accommodated with the use of a baggage horse.
1791Boswell Johnson (1831) III. 13 Intrusted to a fellow to be delivered to our baggage-man.
1879F. R. Stockton Rudder Grange vii. 75, I went up-stairs and got a baggage tag.
1841R. Park Pantology 506 The baggage train should be placed either in the column, or so near it that it may be speedily defended. 1863Kinglake Crimea II. 245 The baggage-train accompanying our forces.
a1861T. Winthrop Life in Open Air (1863) 228 The soldiers..shot overboard a heavy baggage-truck. 1936L. C. Douglas White Banners x. 223 Such chuff-chuffing of engines and clanging of bells and rattling of baggage-trucks.
1689Lond. Gaz. No. 2423/4 A Train of Artillery and a good number of Baggage-Wagons. 1791Washington Diary 21 Mar. (1925) IV. 149 My equipage and attendance consisted of a Charriot..a light baggage Waggon and two horses. 1849D. Nason Jrnl. 78 [I] got a ride in a baggage wagon, for which I paid 37½ cents.
2. Special comb.: baggage-check, a ticket for luggage on American railways; baggage-man or -master, one who has charge of the baggage of an army, or of the luggage on American railways; baggage-room, a luggage-office; baggage-smasher, American nickname for a railway-porter.
18..Smith Sup. Court Rep. I. 522 A passenger having lost her *baggage check. 1848Hunt's Merch. Mag. (U.S.) XVIII. 334 (caption) Railroad Baggage checks. 1948Sat. Even. Post 25 Sept. 125 One ticket and one set of baggage checks takes you straight through to your overseas destination.
1858N.Y. Tribune 14 Jan. 2/3 In the baggage car..the *baggage man..asked me what I wanted. 1904Westm. Gaz. 4 May 5/1 A railway baggageman.
1815Wellington in Gurwood Disp. X. 349 An assistant *Baggage Master to each division. 1845Hunt's Merch. Mag. (U.S.) XIII. 581 The conductor..is also called baggage-master. 1883A. Crane in Leis. Ho. 282/1 The baggage-masters leapt from their wide doors. a1884C. Reade Let. in J. Hollingshead Gaiety Chron. (1898) iii. 144 He also does all utility business, and is baggage-master on tours, etc. An invaluable servant in a theatre with small pretensions. 1926Amer. Mercury Mar. 340/2 The baggage-master at the college transfer remembered re-checking his trunks.
1819P. Wakefield Excursions N. Amer. (ed. 3) 25 On deck there are numerous conveniences, such as *baggage-rooms, smoking-rooms, &c. 1883Longman's Mag. July 285 The wretched little booking-office, and the baggage-room. 1963P.M.L.A. Dec. p. vii/2 (list) U.K. left luggage: U.S. baggage room.
1851San Francisco True Standard 6 Mar. 2/2 *Baggage Smashers. 1880New Virginians I. 37 Called ‘baggage-smashers.’ 1883Pall Mall G. 14 June, The Saratoga trunks are hurled recklessly by the ‘baggage-smashers’ on to the deck.
▸ fig. Beliefs, knowledge, experiences, or habits conceived of as something one carries around; (in later use) esp. characteristics of this type which are considered undesirable or inappropriate in a new situation.
Freq. with modifying word, as cultural baggage, emotional baggage, intellectual baggage, etc.
1886Times 9 Jan. 7/1 His instructors practically impelled him to temporarily divest himself of his intellectual baggage, but..what the student acquired as a child would rarely..be absolutely lost. 1922Davenport (Iowa) Democrat & Leader 13 Mar. 6/4 No student could carry in his head better intellectual baggage. 1967Lethbridge (Alberta) Herald 18 Nov. 5/5 Each immigrant does not completely retain all the cultural baggage..from his homeland, but acquires many of the characteristics of Canadian society. 1986S. Penman Here be Dragons ii. ix. 692 He wondered..why they had to bring so much baggage into bed with them, remorse and regrets and, inevitably, recriminations. 1996D. W. Brown Teach yourself Aromatherapy xii. 179 Babies..have not yet accumulated all the ‘emotional baggage’ which some adults carry around. 2004H. Kennedy Just Law (2005) viii. 180 Everyone brings their own baggage to the courtroom in evaluating the messages.
▸ baggage carousel n. orig. and chiefly N. Amer. a conveyor belt at an airport from which passengers collect their luggage after it is unloaded from their plane.
1963Jrnl. Aero-Space Transport 89 42 *Baggage carousels are mushroom shaped devices approximately 25 ft in diameter. Baggage carousels provide a safe, efficient, and fast operation and can easily accommodate large loads. 1994Denver Post 16 Jan. c3/2 Bar-coded ‘telecars’ that will whisk each piece of luggage to and from aircraft and baggage carousels. 2000Times 12 May i. 22/5 To wait anxiously for your suitcase to emerge on the baggage carousel at the airport. |