| 释义 |
▪ I. roach, n.1|rəʊtʃ|
Also 4–7 roche, 6–8 roch.
[a. OF. roche (13th c. in Godef.), roce, also roque, rocque, of uncertain origin.]
1. a. A small freshwater fish (Leuciscus rutilus) of the Carp family, common in the rivers of northern Europe. blue roach = azurine 1. In U.S. also applied to various small fishes resembling, or mistaken for the roach.
1314in Wardrobe Acc. 8 Edw. II, 21 Dars, roches, et pik, 2s. 8d. 1390Earl Derby's Exp. (Camden) 53 Cuidam homini de Lettowe pro roches ab ipso emptis apud le Haff, v s. iiij d. 1391Ibid. 73 Pro tenches et roches. c1400in N. & Q. 3rd Ser. VI. 4/1 Y⊇ gutts of a roche is good for a roche, and so furth of all other fysshys. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 21 Take Trowtys, Rochys,..an make hem clene. c1500For to serve a Lord in Babees Bk. (1868) 372 Roches in sotelte, Playce in sotelte. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. iv. (1586) 173 b, Some againe delight in both, as the Pike..and the Roach. 1612Peacham Gentl. Exerc. iii. i. (1634) 153 Of fishes you shall finde in Armes..the Trout, Barbel, Turbot, Herring, Roach. 1653Walton Angler 206, I might now tell you how to catch Roch and Dace. 1738Swift Printer sent to Newgate, If a Gudgeon meet a Roach, He dare not venture to approach. 1787Best Angling (ed. 2) 56 The Roach is as foolish as the carp is crafty. 1802Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) III. 84 The Roach..is found chiefly in deep still rivers, where it is often seen in large shoals. 1868Peard Water-farm. xvi. 170 No fish thrives better in confinement, or breeds more rapidly than the roach. 1883Fish. Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 107 Collection of Stuffed..Azurine or Blue Roach. 1888Goode Amer. Fishes 129 The Spot..is known..in the Chesapeake region also as the..‘Roach’.
b. In phrase as sound as a roach, = F. sain comme un gardon (cf. plus sain qu'un gardon in Cotgrave).
1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 280 Roches..are esteemed..uncapable of any Disease, according to the old Proverb, As sound as a Roch. 1667Denham Direct. Paint. i. 32 Till some judicious Dolphin might approach, And land him safe and sound as any Roach. 1700T. Brown tr. Fresny's Amusem. 135 My Father..turn'd of Seventy, and as yet he's as sound as a Roach still. a1732Gay New Song on New Similies viii, Hearts, sound as any bell or roach. 1825J. Neal Bro. Jonathan III. 297 My health is capital—constitution ditto—sound as a roach. 1895‘F. Anstey’ Lyre & Lancet ix. 92 Sickly..? Not a bit of it—sound as a roach!
2. attrib. and Comb.
a. In similative combs., as roach-back, roach-backed, roach-bellied, roach-bent.
1575Turberv. Venerie 15 The ridge or chine of the backe rochbent, and the hamme streight, betoken swiftnesse. 1668Lond. Gaz. No. 272/4 A Baye Mare,..flat ribb'd, Roach back'd. 1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. §1277 Laths..of cast iron,..four feet long, roach-bellied, that is, forming the segment of a circle on the under side. 1847Youatt Pig vi. 74 The real Irish pig was a huge,..roach-backed, coarseboned, grisly brute. 1881A. C. Grant Bush Life Queensland I. vii. 88 The flocks of sheep..return bare, leggy, roach-backed-looking objects. a1884Jarvis in Allen New Amer. Farm Bk. 410 The Nigretti flock..were not handsomely formed, being rather flat-sided, roach-back [etc.].
b. Attrib., etc., as roach-angler, roach-fisher, roach fisherman, roach-fishing, roach-hook, roach-net, roach-pie, roach swim, roach-tackle, roach-weel; roach pole, a type of rod used in fishing for roach.
1661Walton Angler (ed. 3) xvii. 218 About London, where I think there be the best Roch-Anglers. 1704Dict. Rust. s.v. Roach-fishing, They add 12 strong links of Hair, with Roach-Hooks at them. 1725Family Dict. s.v., The Roach-Pie may be made, as that of Tunny-Pie. 1823in Hofland Brit. Angler's Man. (1841) 247 A barbel, caught with roach-tackle. 1867Francis Bk. Angling 18 The Thames, Lea, and Colne are eagerly sought by shoals of roach-fishers. Ibid. 19 Roach-fishing is very pretty sport. 1877― Angling 27 One of the finest roach rivers within fifty miles of London. 1883Fish. Exhib. Catal. 366 Roach Weel, from the Province of Bleking. Ibid. 376 Roach Net. 1897Encycl. Sport I. 24/2 On the Thames, the bank-angler commonly uses a long bamboo roach-pole and tight line. 1902Chambers's Jrnl. Nov. 699/1, I was preparing to fish a not unpromising roach-swim, and was trying the depth. 1944‘N. Shute’ Pastoral i. 3 With his long greenheart roach-pole, his bag of ground bait, and his gentles. 1971Country Life 16 Dec. 1730/4, I believe the Lea roach-pole anglers were then regarded as supreme masters of that particular art. 1974Country Life 30 May 1333/2, I didn't have much success as a roach fisherman.
▪ II. roach, n.2|rəʊtʃ|
Also 8 roch.
[var. of roche n.1, as the usual or only spelling in certain special senses.]
1. Mining. (See quot. 1836.) ? Obs.
1653E. Manlove Lead Mines 258 Soletrees, Roach, and Ryder. 1747Hooson Miner's Dict. Q ij b, I have likewise heard of other Veins discovered after the same manner; as also in Fields of Grass lying near the Roch. 1836Furness Astrologer ii, Roach, Rag-pump, Rider. Ibid. Gloss., Roach, ore found on the side of the main vein and divided from it by rock or rither.
†2. A seam or bed of coal. Obs.
1677Phil. Trans. XII. 896 It was found upon the rising grounds (where the signs of the Cole, and the Cole it self came near the day) that there lay another Roach of Cole at a certain depth under it. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 137 In working the roach of coal 5 yards thick. Ibid. 147 He shewed me a level of 35 yards of roach. 1704Lond. Gaz. No. 4008/4, 220 Acres, in which are great Quantities of Roch of Coal, now open.
†3. peter in roach = roche-petre. Obs.
1692Capt. Smith's Seaman's Gram. ii. xxxi. 150 Take of..Peter in Roach one pound; Peter in Meal one pound.
4. a. (See quots. and cf. roche n.)
1831J. Hodgson in Raine Mem. (1858) II. 213 The same sort of conglomerate rock as that at the foot of Ulswater, and which the country people there [in 1799] called roach. Ibid. 215 The old red sandstone of the Mellfell district is through all that country called roach or roche.
b. A variety of Portland stone (see quots.).
1829Webster in Geol. Trans. 2nd Ser. II. 42 The bed below this [= School Cap] is the first which is worked for freestone, and is called Roach... It is entirely oolitic..and contains marine shells. 1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 332/2 The new Church in the island, built..of a variety of the Portland stone termed roach. Ibid. 376/1 The roach is throughout the island oolitic. 1887Specif. T. Monk's Patent No. 1264. 1 The roach or rag of Portland stone, at present a wasted natural product.
attrib.1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 375/2 The roach beds are always incorporated with the freestone beds that invariably lie below them. 1862Ramsay Rock Spec. 139 The Roach-bed is very hard, and is used for foundations of breakwaters,..but it will not bear a close even face.
▪ III. roach, n.3 Naut.|rəʊtʃ|
[App. a transf. use of roach n.1]
1. ‘An upward curve in the foot of a square sail’. Cf. roach-back(ed) s.v. roach n.1 2 a.
1794Rigging & Seamanship 116 The stay is cut with a curve or roach. 1851Kipping Sailm. (ed. 2) 45 The breadth of the seams on the foot of a jib or driver ought to be made according to the roach with which the sail is cut. 1900F. T. Bullen Idylls of Sea 34 Their seams, leaches, and roaches fortified by all the devices known to the sailmaker.
attrib.1794Rigging & Seamanship 91 Flying jibs are cut with a roach-curve on the stay. Ibid. 88 Roach-leech, a term signifying the curve on the mast-leech of some fore and aft sails, &c.
transf.1889Cent. Mag. Jan. 335/1 [The Texas pony] has..a very long body, with a pronounced roach just forward of the coupling. 1955W. W. Denlinger Compl. Boston i. 105 Many Boston terriers with level backs will show roach on a cold day.
2. U.S.
a. A roll of hair brushed upwards and back from the face; a topknot (see quot. 19592). Also attrib., as roach cut.
1881J. C. Harris in Century Mag. June 244/2 Den he take en walk upter de little Gal, Brer Rabbit did, en pull he roach, en bow, en scrape he foot, en talk mighty nice en slick. 1929W. Faulkner Sound & Fury 177 A man with a fierce roach of iron grey hair. 1959E. Tunis Indians 47/2 Most of the head was plucked or singed bare for a roach cut; only a strip of hair was left from front to back. Ibid. 48/1 The most usual ceremonial headdress in the East was the artificial roach.
b. attrib. in sense of roached a. 2.
1781R. Georgia Gaz. 8 Mar. 4/2 (Advt.), A Black Horse, about 13 and an half hands high, half roach main [etc.]. 1835J. T. Irving Indian Sk. II. 4 She was mounted upon a little wall-eyed, cream-coloured pony, with a roach mane and a bobtail.
▪ IV. roach, n.4 Chiefly U.S.
1. abbrev. form of cockroach.
1836–48B. D. Walsh Aristoph. 89 note, ‘Cock-roaches’ in the United States..are always called ‘roaches’ by the fair sex, for the sake of euphony. 1898A. Balfour Stroke of Sword xxiv, Overcome by my terror of these roaches, I rushed on deck. 1942E. Paul Narrow St. x. 75 Her failure to get results kept her hopping like a roach in a skillet. 1950Harlem Q. Fall-Winter 21 A fat roach sluggishly made its way ceilingwards. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 29 May 15a/3 The Postal Service is the kind of problem most members think shouldn't exist. It's like roaches in the kitchen.
2. slang. A policeman.
1932Evening Sun (Baltimore) 9 Dec. 31/5 Roach, policeman. 1968Word Study Dec. 5/1 Not only is a policeman a bull; he may also be a roach.
3. slang. The butt of a cigarette, spec. a marijuana cigarette. (Perh. a different word.)
1938New Yorker 12 Mar. 47/2 A pinched-off smoke, or stub, is a roach. 1953W. Burroughs Junkie ii. 29 ‘Would you like to get high?’ Mary asked. ‘There may be a roach around here somewhere.’ 1966T. Pynchon Crying of Lot 49 iii. 64 Holding up the glowing roaches of their cigarettes..to spell out alternate S's an O's. 1971It 2–16 June 2/1 Freaks from several other pads saved all our roaches for a week and posted them to Det. Sgt. Boothe who is the chief of Bournemouth drug squad. 1972M. J. Bosse Incident at Naha i. 46, I..took out my pot pouch and cigarette paper... I..rolled myself a joint... I had finished the roach down to my fingernails.
4. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) roach killer, roach poison, roach-powder; roach-crawling adj.; (sense 3) roach holder; roach clip = roach holder above.
1968–70Current Slang (Univ. S. Dakota) III-IV. 103 *Roach clip, a small metal clip used to smoke marijuana, resembling a paper-clip or tweezers. 1979Christian Science Monitor (Eastern ed.) 21 Nov. b1/1 Clearly visible through the shop's windows are..‘roach clips’ for holding the butt of a marijuana cigarette.
1964S. Leaks in J. H. Clarke Harlem 23 Harlem, a dingy-dirty cluster of *roach crawling rat-infested brownstones and tenement flats.
1967Evening Standard 26 June 7/3 In Haight-Ashbury [in San Francisco] there are now over 30 psychedelic boutiques..selling at inflated prices such items as..*roach holders (cigarette holders specially designed for reefer smoking).
1973Sunday Express (Trinidad & Tobago) 8 Apr. 13/2 I'm on the floor, surrounded by pots and pans etc. shaking the can of *roach killer.
1975New Yorker 23 June 29/2 St. Vincent's emergency room is one of my favorite emergency rooms in the whole world. I know it well, from the time..my daughter ate the *roach poison.
1930J. Dos Passos 42nd Parallel 60 A smell of ham and coffee and *roachpowder. 1931E. Pound Let. 6 Oct. (1971) 236 In reply to yr. last: I am not interested in roach-powder but if the janitors and swabbers can't keep the place clean, I take it somebody has got to provide insecticide or even squash the individual cockroach.
Add:[2.] b. As a term of contempt: an unpleasant or despicable person, esp. a woman considered unattractive or licentious. U.S.
1930G. London Deux Mois avec les Bandits de Chicago 258/2 Roach (diminutif de cockroach): Prostituée de bas étage. 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §397 Contemptible person,..roach. 1959Amer. Speech XXXIV. 154 Unpopular girls (and on rare occasion unpopular men), with no reference whatsoever to looks, are roaches, beasts, and pigs. 1974T. Morrison Sula 113 They watched her far more closely than they watched any other roach or bitch in the town.
▪ V. roach
variant of roche, rotche.
▪ VI. roach, v.|rəʊtʃ|
[f. roach n.3]
1. trans. To cut (a sail) with a roach.
1851Kipping Sailm. (ed. 2) 117 On Roaching the Sails. Ibid. 118 The royals are also roached as much as 1 foot 6 inches.
2. U.S.
a. To clip or trim (a horse's mane) so that the hair stands on end.
1818Missouri Gaz. 25 Dec. 4/5 His mane has been divided..and that part that laid on the left side, cut off as if to roach him. 1848Blackw. Mag. LXIII. 731 Her neck was thick, and rendered more so in appearance by reason of her mane not being roached (or in English hogged). 1889Cent. Mag. Jan. 335/2, I roached his mane and docked his tail.
b. Of persons: to brush or cut (the hair) in a roach. Also with up.
1833Sk. & Eccentr. D. Crockett ii. 38 His hair was roached, and he wore an air of much dignity. 1853J. G. Baldwin Flush Times Alabama 108 His hair was roached up, and stood as erect and upright as his body. 1900Ade More Fables 62 He would go to School with his face scrubbed to a shiny pink and his Hair roached up on one side. 1919H. L. Wilson Ma Pettengill iii. 84 She was..a kind of a slaty blonde with bobbed hair—she'd been roached fore and aft. 1932L. C. Douglas Forgive us our Trespasses (1937) iv. 79 His hair roached high to show he had an intellectual forehead. 1950L. Hughes Simple speaks his Mind xvi. 86 Her head was all done fresh and shining with a hair-rocker roached up high in front. |