| 释义 |
▪ I. avoid, v.|əˈvɔɪd|
Forms: 4–7 au- avoide, -oyde, 5 awoyde, 5–6 aduoyde, -voyde, 6 advoid, awode, 6–7 auoyd, auoid, 6– avoid.
[a. AF. avoide-r = OF. esvuidier, évuider (see a- prefix 9), to empty out, clear out, quit, get quit of, banish, f. es out + vuidier, f. vuit, vuide, empty: see void v. and a. Cf. the sense development of evacuate v. For the spelling adv- see ad- prefix 2.]
In several senses formerly occasionally strengthened by out, away; cf. to clear out, away.
I. To empty a thing (of what is in it); to make, become, or be empty.
†1. trans. To make (a vessel, place, person) void or empty; to empty, clear, free, rid (of). Obs.
1382Wyclif Ecclus. xiii. 6 He shal lyue with thee, and auoide thee out [Vulg. evacuabit te; 1611 make thee bare]. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems 16 Hertis avoydyng of alle ther hevyness. c1500Yng. Childr. Bk. in Babees Bk. 23 Sone A-voyd þou thi trenchere. 1531Elyot Gov. ii. vii. (1557) 105 Commanded the chambre to be avoided. 1601Tate Househ. Ord. Ed. II, §94 (1876) 56 To avoid the court of al manner of such people.
2. To make void or of no effect; to refute, disprove. In Law, to defeat (a pleading); to invalidate, ‘quash’ (a sentence, agreement, document, etc.)
c1375Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. 1871 II. 167 How wickide men sclaundriden [Crist] and he avoydide þer blame. 1514–5Act 6 Hen. VIII, iv, All outlawries had contrary to this Acte be advoyded. 1581Fulke in Confer. ii. (1584) I iij b, This answere is a senseles cauil, which is easily auoyded. 1628Coke On Litt. 43 a, The Statute intended not to auoid the feoffment. 1768Blackstone Comm. II. 308 How a deed may be avoided, or rendered of no effect. 1858Ld. St. Leonards Handy-bk. Prop. Law viii. 59 If the advowson is purchased with a corrupt view, that may avoid the purchase.
†3. intr. (for refl.) Of benefices: To become void, to fall vacant. Obs., but cf. avoidance.
1521Mem. Ripon (1882) I. 183 To have their turne when it fortun to advoide agayn. 1726Ayliffe Parerg. 112 If a Person takes a Bishoprick, it does not avoid by Force of that Law of Pluralities, but by the antient Common Law.
II. To empty things out of a place, etc., to remove, to quit.
†4. To empty out, clear out, put away, remove (the contents of anything). Obs.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. vii. xliv. (1495) 257 The matere shall be auoyded and pourgyd wyth couenable medicyne. 1563T. Hill Arte Garden. (1593) 136 Little furrowes..to auoyd the moisture and raine. 1641Prynne Antip. i. i. 28 His Images and Pictures..should be pluckt down and avoided out of all Churches.
†b. To eject by excretion; to void. (Said loosely also of snakes sloughing their skin.) Obs.
1562Cooper Answ. Priv. Masse (1850) 208 The sanctified bread..passeth into the belly, and is avoided out of the body. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 97 It causeth vrine to be avoided in great measure. 1604James I Counterbl. (Arb.) 104 Forced to auoyde muche winde out of your stomacke. 1691Ray Creation (1714) 28 So they avoid their skins unbroken. Ibid. (1701) 145 They avoid them [pebbles] by siege.
†c. To get rid of, clear away, do away with, put an end to (things immaterial). Obs.
1382Wyclif 2 Cor. iii. 7 The whiche glorie is auoydid [Vulg. evacuatur]. c1485Digby Myst. (1882) i. 90 Ffor to a-voide a-wey all interrupcion. 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 14 a, The same doth avoyde horsenesse. 1685Baxter Paraphr. N.T. Acts xv. 17 There was then no Judge of such controversies..to avoid and end them.
†5. To get rid of, expel, banish, dismiss, send or drive away (a person from, out of a place). Obs.
1460J. Capgrave Chron. 178 That this Petir [Gaveston] schuld be a voyded. 1494Fabyan vii. ccxxxviii. 276 He auoyded y⊇ munkys out of the house of Aumbrisbury. 1529Rastell Chron. (1811) 106 He myght not clerely avoyed them the lande. 1540R. Hyrde Vives' Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) B iij a, Avoide all mankinde away from her. 1643Prynne Power Parl. ii. 19 They would avoyd all aliens and strangers out of it [the City].
b. refl. in sense of next. arch. or Obs.
a1300Cursor M. 3622 Avoyde scho hir, and vmbethoght. a1400Cov. Myst. 131 Avoyd ȝow hens out of this place. 1808Scott Marm. vi. xxxii, Avoid thee, Fiend!
†6. intr. To move or go away, withdraw, depart, quit; to give place, retire, retreat. Obs.
a1400Cov. Myst. 131 Avoyd, seres, and lete my lorde the buschop come. a1529Skelton Vox Pop. vii. 45 Or els, for non payeing the rent, Avoyde at our Ladye daye in Lent. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 35 Thinking to auoid by the swiftnes of his horse. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 72 The Musicians spent so much time in vnseasonable tuning, that he commanded them to auoid. 1763Prior Alma iii. 253 And both as they provisions want, Chicane, avoid, retire, and faint.
†b. Const. from, out of, forth of. to avoid (from a horse): to dismount. Obs.
1485Caxton Paris & V. 26 Eche body avoyded oute of the chambre. 1535Coverdale Matt. xvi. 23 Auoyde fro me, Sathan. 1570–87Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1806) I. 351 Quicklie avoiding from his horse. 1611Bible 1 Sam. xviii. 11 Dauid auoided out of his presence.
†c. transf. of water, wind, etc. To escape, run out or away. Obs.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 305/3 The see Ocean..auoydeth twyes and gyueth way to the peple. 1523Fitzherb. Surv. xxxv. (1539) 53 Make a great dyche..that the water may auoyde. 1610Markham Masterp. ii. cxxi. 424 If you put a hollow quill therein..the winde will auoyd the better.
†7. trans. To depart from, leave, quit (a place); to dismount from (a horse). Obs.
1447–8J. Shillingford Lett. (1871) 91 They wolle avoyde theire dwellyng places. 1481Caxton Reynard (1844) 105 Ye commaunded them to auoyde your Court. 1557K. Arthur (Copland) vii. xxxiv, The Kynge auoyded his hors. 1660Trial Reg. 160 Desired that strangers might avoid the room.
III. To keep away from, keep from, keep off.
8. (the usual current sense—a natural extension of 7): To leave alone, keep clear of or away from, shun; to have nothing to do with, refrain from:
a. a person or place.
(The first quotation may belong to 5, hardly to 4.)
c1384Wyclif De Eccl. Sel. Wks. 1871 III. 353 Men shulden avoide þis frere. 1530Palsgr. 441/1 Never have to do with hym, if thou mayst avoyde hym. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 579 And Sheep, in Shades, avoid the parching Plain. 1722De Foe Plague 131 Avoiding the towns, they left..Newington on the right hand. 1857Bohn's Handbk. Prov. 323 Avoid a slanderer as you would a scorpion. Mod. Avoiding Scylla, he fell into Charybdis.
b. a thing, course of action, etc.
c1450Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (1866) 28 Mowth and tongge avoydyng alle outrage. 1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. ii. 483 Still thou mayst live, avoiding pen and ink. 1722De Foe Moll. Fl. (1840) 148, I ventured to avoid signing a contract. 1767Fordyce Serm. Yng. Wom. I. i. 36 Take care to avoid every appearance of partiality.
9. To escape, evade (things coming towards one); to keep out of the way of.
1530Palsgr. 441/1 That was wel avoyded, cela estoyt bien eschappé. 1541Barnes Wks. (R.) Can you deuise for to auoyde hys vengeaunce? 1594Shakes. Rich. III, iii. v. 68 T'auoid the Censures of the carping World. 1661Lovell Hist. Anim. & Min. 92 Wormes creep out of the earth to avoide them [moles]. 1714Spect. No. 578 ⁋11 The King had perished..had he not avoided his Pursuers. 1808Scott Marm. v. xviii, They deemed it hopeless to avoid The convoy of their dangerous guide.
†10. To prevent, to obviate, to keep off. Obs.
1608Plat Gard. Eden (1653) 54 Northerly windes may be avoyded by some defence. 1664Power Exp. Philos. ii. 129 Which will avoid..multiplicity of terms for the future. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. iii. v, That the Body..be decently interred, to avoid putrescence.
†11. Obs. or arch. const. of senses 8–10: with subord. clause. To avoid that; with inf. To avoid to do.
1570–87Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1806) II. 124 To avoid that none..that had offended the laws, should be received into anie of their dominions. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. i. 23 Because he by that meanes would auoid to marry with Alice. 1600Holland Livy x. xv. 361 He avoided App. Claudius to be his companion in government. 1853F. Newman Odes of Horace 185 Horace..in praising the emperor and congratulating Marcellus, avoids to make either seem his main subject.
▪ II. † aˈvoid, a. Obs.
[f. prec. vb.; on apparent analogy of void vb. and adj. or ? contr. of avoided; cf. devoid.]
Empty, void; free or rid (of). Obs.
1488Plumpton Corr. 66 The clarkship therof standeth avoyd. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. 3 The ploweman resteth avoyde of all busynesse.
▪ III. † aˈvoid, n. Obs.
[f. avoid v.]
1. The withdrawal of dishes (after meals).
1494Ord. R. Househ. 113 All that is dispended for..the greete avoides at feestes. 1577Harrison England i. ii. v. 124 They do not their mantels from them untill supper be ended, and the avoid doone.
2. Excretion, evacuation.
1502Arnold Chron. (1811) 150 Nott to ete nor dryncke out of noo vessel but in the same that he made hys avoid in. |