| 释义 |
▪ I. † aˈvale, v. Obs.
Forms: 4–8 au- avale, 4–6 auaile, 5–6 au- avayle, 6 advale, auayl, aueyle, 7 avail. North. 4–5 awale, 6 awail. See also aphet. vale v.
[a. OF. avaler, f. phr. à val:—L. ad vallem to the valley; = Pr. avalar, It. avallare; cf. amount v., F. amonter, f. à mont, L. ad montem. For the spelling advale, see ad- prefix 2.]
1. intr. Of persons: To descend; to come, go, or get down; to dismount, alight. (Often with redundant down; cf. ascend up.)
c1400Mandeville xxvi. 266 Summe of the Jewes han..avaled down to the Valeyes. c1425Wyntoun Cron. ix. viii. 140 Owre a bra down awaland. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 160/3 A corde by which he aualed doun and was saued. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. 6 When Phebus in the west Gan to avayle. 1596Spenser F.Q. ii. ix. 10 They..from their sweaty coursers did avale. Ibid. iv. iii. 46 Out of her coch she gan availe.
2. trans. To descend, come down (a hill, etc.).
1494Fabyan vii. 489 The sayd hoost of Flemynges aualyd y⊇ mount in a secret wyse.
3. intr. Of things: To sink, flow, or drop down.
c1374Chaucer Boeth. iv. vi. 143 Þe heuy erþes aualen by her weyȝtes. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 144/2 The precious blood aualed by the shafte of the spere upon hys hondes. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. 92 The droppes..Whiche from her eyen began to advale. 1596Spenser F.Q. i. i. 21 But when his later spring gins to avale, Huge heapes of mudd he [Nilus] leaves.
b. To sail down stream, or away on an ebb tide.
a1547Earl of Surrey æneid iv. 387 To flight Was armde the fleet all redy to avale. 1551Bodenham Voy. Scio in Arber Eng. Garner I. 33, I vailed down that night ten miles, to take the tide in the morning.
4. transf. and fig. To lower oneself, submit, yield.
1484Caxton Chyualry 78 Auaryce..maketh noble courage to descende and auale. 1525Ld. Berners Froiss. II. xxix. 84 Whiche castell after aueyled to me.
5. trans. To cause to descend, fall, or sink; to let down, lower; to send or direct downwards.
c1314Guy Warw. 80 His hauberk was al to tore And his nasel avaled bifore. c1400Rom. Rose 1803 The thridde arowe..Into myn herte he dide avale. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 113 [Rahab] aualed hem by a corde from..the toune walles. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccclxxiv. 619 Drawe vp your ankers and aueyle your sayles. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Jan. 73, Phœbus gan auaile His weary waine. 1770Langhorne Plutarch (1879) I. 118/2 He ordered that the rods should be avaled in respect to the citizens.
6. To lower (the visor of a helmet), to uncover; hence, to take off, doff (hat, cap, etc.).
c1330R. Brunne Chron. 97 Ilk auailed his helme, & to conseile drowe. c1386Chaucer Miller's Prol. 14 He wold avale nowther hood ne hat. c1420Anturs of Arth. xxxii, He auaylet vppe his viserne. 1544Bale Sir J. Oldcastell in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 272 All the clergye..avayling their bonnettes. 1557K. Arthur (Copland) v. xii, Y⊇ kyng aualed his vyser with a meke and noble countenance.
7. fig. To degrade, abase, humble; to lower.
c1430Lydg. Bochas ii. i. (1554) 41 a, Fortune..Auailed hym from his royall see. 1551–6Robinson tr. More's Utop. 146 One that hath aualed the heighe nature of hys soule to the vielnes of brute beastes bodies. a1639Wotton in Reliq. (1651) It pleased him to..avale his goodness, even to the giving of his friend secret directions.
▪ II. † aˈvale, n. Obs. rare.
In 6 auail.
[f. prec.]
a. Abasement, humiliation.
b. ? Descent, disembarkation.
c1505Dunbar, The lang availl on humil wyse. a1547Earl of Surrey in Tottell Misc. (Arb.) 16 Furdering his hope, that is his sail Toward me, the swete port of his auail.
▪ III. avale
obs. form of avail. |