| 释义 |
▪ I. rid, n.
[f. the vb. For other dialect uses see the Eng. Dial. Dict.]
1. Progress, dispatch, speed. (Cf. rid v. 7.)
1641Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 36 Forkers are to bee foretolde that they give upp goode forkefulls, because..(by this meanes)..the loader comes more ridde. 1873–in Yorks. and Northumb. glossaries.
2. The soil overlying stone or marl, which has to be removed to allow of quarrying or digging. Also rid-work.
1827Hodgson Hist. Northumb. II. i. 94 note, The soil or diluvial matter on the tops of quarries is very commonly called the ridding, or rid-work. 1862Min. Proc. Inst. Civil Engin. XXI. 482 The water in the advancing wave was dispersed, through the joints of the pitching, and received into the rid. 1864R. Agric. Soc. Jrnl. XXV. 371 To ascertain the thickness of the earth overlying the marl, technically called ‘fee’ or ‘rid’.
▪ II. rid, v.|rɪd|
Forms: 3 ruden, 4–6 rydde (6 ryd), 6–7 ridde, 5– rid. pa. tense 3 rudde, 4 redde, 3, 6 ridd(e, 5– rid; 7– ridded. pa. pple. 4 i-rud, 5 rud, ryde, 6 ryd(d, 4, 6–7 ridd (6 ridde), 4, 6– rid; 5– ridded; 5 Sc. riddin, 6, 9 ridden.
[a. ON. ryðja (pa. tense ruddi, pa. pple. rudd-r), whence Norw. rydja, Sw. rödja, Da. rydde. To a great extent the senses of the word are also represented by redd v.2]
I.
1. a. trans. To clear (a way or space), esp. to clear (land) of trees, undergrowth, etc.; to stub.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 133 Ich sende min engel bi⁓foren þine nebbe, þe shal ruden þine weie to-fore þe. a1300Cursor M. 23813 Es þar na wai be-for vs ridd [Trin. rud] Cun tak us better þan we did. c1320Cast. Love 1227 Nas þis a good redes-mon Þat..haþ i-rud vs þe way..? c1400Destr. Troy 6733 The remnond full radly rid hym the gate. 1471–3Cal. Proc. Chanc. Q. Eliz. (1830) II. Pref. 55 Þe seid grounde..shuld haue be ridded and made by þe seid John. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. II. 47/2 He rid and made plaine a great part of the countrie ouergrowen with woods and thickets. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. 63 Ridding such [roads] as were..overgrowne with bushes and briers. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 272 If the Spring be forward, cleanse and rid the Coppices. 1783Archaeologia (1785) VII. 170 As some persons were ridding a piece of ground near Matlock-Bank. 1794Trans. Soc. Arts XII. 161 Rough stony land, that would not answer ridding and making arable. 1868Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IV. ii. 425, I consider it..desirable, in ‘ridding’ heath-land, to keep the surface soil on the surface. Ibid. 428.
absol.13..K. Alis. (Bodl. MS.) 3355 Þat he was gode kniȝth he kedde, For meynlich aboute he redde. 1537Rec. Monast. Kinloss (1872) 144 Frae the lang furd where the said Patrick begoutht to rid.
b. To free from rubbish or encumbrances; to clean or clear out. Also const. up.
Hence absol. in dial. use, to clear the throat or stomach.
c1400Destr. Troy 1533 Sone he raght vpon rowme, rid vp þe dykis. c1420Chron. Vilod. 2561 Þe vrthe also þey caston from þat plase away, & voudeden þat place, & made hit ryde. 1582in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxford (1880) 424 That the waters and ryvers belonginge to this Cytie shalbe ryde and scowred. 1596in Antiquary May (1888) 212 To Robert Butte for ridding ye chauncell. 1647Trapp Comm. Heb. iii. 10, I was nauseated, and ready to rid my stomack at them, to spew them out of my mouth. 1839[Sir G. C. Lewis] Gloss. Herefordshire, To rid the stomach.
c. To clear (a table); to tidy or clear up, to set in order (a room, etc.). Now dial. and U.S.
Also dial. to rid house, to remove.
1599Minsheu 24/2 Take off, boy, rid the table, and bring those fritters. 1729Swift Direct. Serv. x, When you rid up the Parlour Hearth in a Morning. 1828–in dial. glossaries (Northumb., Yorks., E. Angl.). 1891Hardy Tess III. lii. 199 Are you house-ridding today? 1919T. K. Holmes Man from Tall Timber xii. 144 I'll rid up the place and get our dinner. 1939F. Thompson Lark Rise vi. 104 Fireplaces were ‘ridded up’, and tables and floors were scrubbed.
d. to rid marches = redd v.2 2 c. In quots. fig.
1721Wodrow Corr. (1843) II. 562 To rid marches in the powers of the different officers of Christ's institution. 1759Shirra Rem. (1850) 131 It is very necessary we rid marches between these two and observe what the law is, and faith. 1847Chalmers in Hanna Mem. (1852) IV. 515 He rids the marches between the election of God on the one hand, and the freeness of the Gospel on the other.
2. a. To deliver, set free, rescue, save (from, out of, of, etc.). Now rare (very common in 16th cent.).
a1225Juliana 75 Ne lef þu neauer to þi va [= foe] þin ilicnesse þat tu ruddest of deað. a1240Wohunge in O.E. Hom. I. 273 Þu..lesedes tine prisuns and riddes ham ut of cwalm hus. c1400Destr. Troy 5343 Þi fader..Rid me þis Rewme out of ronke Enmys. 1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (1570) D iij b, Subiect to become, And neuer to be ridde from bondage & thraldome. 1535Coverdale Isa. xlvii. 14 Yf it be kindled with fyre, no man maye rydde it for the vehemence of the flame. 1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. v. iii. 241 She..bid me deuise some meanes To rid her from this second Marriage. 1635J. Hayward tr. Biondi's Banish'd Virg. 220 The good are called before their time, for ridding them out of the hands of the wicked.
1843Marryat M. Violet xxix, Had we had powder to waste, we would certainly have rid the graminivorous from many of their carnivorous neighbours.
refl.1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Absoluo, To rydde him selfe from the processe that one hath against him in any courte. 1597Beard Theatre God's Judgem. (1612) 363 This noble minded woman inuented a most..subtile shift..to rid her selfe out of his hands. 1650W. D. tr. Comenius' Gate Lat. Unl. §430 If any bird, being fettered with a foot-snare, riddeth her self, away she flieth. 1700S. L. tr. Fryke's Voy. E. Ind. 167 We were very happy, that we ridded our selves out of it so luckily.
†b. To dispatch; to clear (oneself); to acquit.
1530Palsgr. 691/1, I praye you, syr, rydde me firste, je vous prie me despecher premier. Ibid., We be able ynough to rydde us for this mater without the. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 236 A iudge riddeth a persone aunsweryng before hym to the lawe.
†c. To get away or escape from. Obs.—1
1615Wither Juvenilia (1633) 427 If I my Cage can rid I'll fly where I never did.
3. a. To make (a person or place) free of (or from) something; to disencumber of.
1569Golding tr. Heminge's Postill 10 To the intent to rid his disciples of thys errour. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. i. i. 150 Would I had giuen him the best horse in Padua..that would..ridde the house of her. 1611Middleton & Dekker Roaring Girl v. ii, If I do not..Rid him of this disease that now growes on him. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 737, I..shall soon, Armd with thy might, rid heav'n of these rebell'd. 1727Swift Lett. (1766) II. 83 It is one comfort to me, that I am ridding you of a troublesome companion. 1749Fielding Tom Jones v. xii, If you put the laws in execution,..you would soon rid the country of these vermin. 1810Wordsw. Prose Wks. II. 271 The taste of a succeeding proprietor..has ridded the spot of its puerilities. 1859Ruskin Let. to Rossetti 17 June, I think the book will be an interesting..one, if you will rid it from crudities. 1868Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) II. 476 To rid England once for all of this ever recurring plague.
b. refl. To free or clear (oneself) of something troublesome. Now somewhat rare.
1530Palsgr. 691/1 If I coulde convenyently rydde me of this felowe, I wolde go with you with all my herte. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. xxii. 112 b, To ridd my self of them I gaue them about 20. Aspres. 16022nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. ii. vi. 987, I could not tell how to rid my selfe..of the troublesome Burre. a1687Petty Pol. Arith. (1690) 30 The Hollanders do rid their hands of two Trades, which are of greatest turmoil and danger. 1726De Foe Hist. Devil i. xi. (1840) 169 Thus Satan ridded his hands of ten of the twelve tribes. 1759Johnson Idler No. 53 ⁋11 She must not rid herself of them all at once. 1823in Cobbett Rur. Rides (1885) I. 320 The gallant French had ridded themselves of the tyranny which sent them to the galleys. 1865Trollope Belton Est. xxii. 258 To rid himself of the unpleasant task he had undertaken.
c. to be rid of († on), to be freed from (a troublesome or useless thing or person).
c1440Alph. Tales 528 Þus..he was clere and fullie rid on hur. 1490Caxton Eneydos xxvii. 103 [Dido] sayd in this maner to the for-sayd barthe, for to be rydded of her. 1530Palsgr. 691/1, I was lyke to come into a great trouble, but I thanke God, I am rydde of it nowe. 1590Sir J. Smyth Disc. Weapons Ded. 11 b, That the Realme (being too full of people) is very well ridde of them. c1630Donne Serm. xi. 103 Since Christs presence was an occasion of impairing their temporall Substance they were glad to be Rid of him. 1644Milton Areop. (Arb.) 55 Those who now possesse the imployment..wish themselves well ridd of it. 1711Steele Spect. No. 24 ⁋1 My Correspondents are willing by my Means to be rid of them. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xxviii, I long to be rid of a place where I have only found distress. 1838Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 91, I am nearly rid of my cough again. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 441 At the same time to be rid of the company of their enemy.
d. So to get rid of.
1665Boyle Occas. Refl. Ded. Let., The chief use, which too many make of the Former, is to devise wayes to get ridd of the Later. 1676in 12th Rep. Hist. MSS. Comm. App. V. 33, I cannot get rid of my horrible cold heere. 1736Butler Anal. i. iii, These hopes and fears..cannot be got rid of by great part of the world. 1781Cowper Truth 211 Reduce his wages, or get rid of her. 1810Syd. Smith Wks. (1850) 183 Nor is this conceit very easily and speedily gotten rid of. 1873Black Pr. Thule xvi. 255 You will soon get rid of those absurd sentiments.
†4. To deprive or strip (one) of something. Obs.
1575Turberv. Trag. Tales (1837) 151 Parradio..Resolvde to slay the Prince, And ridde him of his lyfe. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. iii. iii. 74 b, The emperor..being once rid, and voyd of money, those..which had elected him, slewe him.
II.
5. To part (combatants). = redd v.2 5. Obs. exc. dial. (Cf. ridder n.2, ridding 1 b.)
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 2246 Here ar no renkes vs to rydde, rele as vus likez.
6. a. To remove from or out of, to clear off or away, etc. Also refl.
c1475Knight Curtesy 127 (Ritson), He sware he would rydde him fro that lande. a1533Ld. Berners Huon xlix. 165, I shal sone ryd his soule out of his body. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 348 That worke being dispatched and rid out of my handes. 1607Rowlands Earl of Warw. (Hunterian Cl.) 29 Guy quickly made dispatch of his half score, He was not long in ridding them away. 1648Gage West Ind. 101 They fall upon him, and so soon rid him out of the way. 1720De Foe Capt. Singleton xix. (1840) 332 Premeditating nothing but how to rid myself out of the world. 1859Cornwallis New World I. 157 That dose..ridded them off better than anything else. 1891J. C. Atkinson 40 Yrs. Moorland Parish 332 The kestrels are ridded out of the country.
b. To remove, to take or clear away, to dispose of, consume (quot. 1627), etc.
1575Turberv. Faulconrie 365 When this foresayde remedie is not of force sufficient to rydde the mangie. 1578T. Procter Gorg. Gallery A iij, Kinge Menelaus..swore by sword, to rid their ioyes. a1610Parsons Leicester's Ghost (1641) 6 Such as could rid mens lives yet no bloud spill. 1627Hakewill Apol. (1630) 391 Ridding at one meale in the Emperour's presence a whole bore, an hundred loaves, a weather, and a young pig. 1764Ann. Reg., Chron. 105/2 As the quarrymen were lately ridding of stone, in the island of Portland. 1814–in dial. glossaries.
†c. To remove by violence; to kill, destroy. Also with double object (quot. 1593). Obs.
1494Fabyan Chron. v. cxvii. 92 Whan he retournes, asspy thy tyme, and fall vpon hym sodeynlye, and soo ridde hym. 1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 778 He [Catesby]..procured the Protectour, hastily to ryd him. 1537Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) II. 88 There maye be founde wayes in Italy, to rydd a trayterous subiect. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. i. 233 This Gloster should be quickly rid the World. 1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. (1623) Q ij, The ready way to rid them is,..to smother them with Brimstone. 1639S. Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events 76 He determined with his complices to take them asunder, & to rid them one after the other.
refl.1555W. Watreman Fardle Facions i. vi. F v, He that differreth to rydde him selfe in this sorte: It is laweful for another..to doe it.
†d. To pull or root up completely. Obs.
1540R. Hyrde tr. Vives' Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) L iij, Neither is it reckoned any great grievous act to destroy utterly their country,..or rid up al mankind. 1641Hinde J. Bruen v. 16 It seemed good unto the Lord..to rid up by the roots those Popish errours.
7. a. To dispatch, accomplish, get through, clear off or away (work of any kind). Now dial.
1530Palsgr. 690/2 He is a quicke workeman, he can rydde more worke in an houre than some can do in twayne. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. ii. iv. Columnes 234 Here-by the Printer in one day shall rid More Books, then yerst a thousand Writers did. 1622Bacon Hen. VII 73 Arrable Land..was turned into Pasture, which was easily rid by a few Heards-men. 1625― Ess., Greatn. Kingd. (Arb.) 483 They had the vse of Slaues, which commonly did rid those Manufactures. 1680Moxon Mech. Exerc. x. 187 The Wheel ridds Work faster off than the Pole can do. 1764Museum Rust. III. 384 The machine did rid off a great deal of work in a little time. a1791Wesley To Servants Wks. 1811 IX. 103 Putting forth all your strength, ridding away all the business that you can. 1837Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 78/1 The ambition of ‘ridding’ much work with a comparatively small profit.
b. intr. To be dispatched. Now dial.
1626Breton Fantastikes, Eight of the Clocke, Now..with quicke hands, worke rids apace. 1751R. Paltock P. Wilkins (1884) II. 206 It is impossible to imagine how this work rids away. 1854A. E. Baker Northampt. Gloss. s.v., When any work goes on quickly, ‘it rids well,’ or ‘rids off’.
†8.
a. to rid ground (or rid space), to cover ground, to move ahead, to make progress. Obs.
1584Peele Arraignm. Paris iii. iv, My game is quick, and rids a length of ground. 1600Holland Livy xxxv. xxx. 905 The way was such, as that an armie..might hardly..rid any ground. 1608J. King Serm. S. Mary's, Oxford 16 Much like the Mariners [life] at sea, that is tossed vp and downe, and riddeth little space. 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. i. (1669) 60/2 Thus the Christian rids but little ground, because he must go his weak bodies pace. 1755Lady M. W. Montagu Lett. xcii. IV. 63 Because (in the jockey phrase) it rids ground, that is, covers a certain quantity of paper. 1785G. Forster tr. Sparrman's Voy. Cape G.H. (1786) 293 The beast..kept on an even and steady course, which..nevertheless rid a great deal of ground.
†b. So to rid way. Obs.
1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, v. iii. 21 We..Will thither straight, for willingnesse rids way. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. xi. 53 A false stem..will make her rid more way and beare a better saile. 1665Jer. Taylor Unum Necess. viii. §7 As a runner of races at his first setting forth rids his way briskly.
▪ III. rid, ppl. a.1 rare.
[f. rid v.]
That has been ridded or rid (up); cleared.
1738P. Walker Life Peden (1827) 76 Ye'll have an ill rid-up House. 1865Kingsley Herew. xxvii, ‘We will make room for you! We will make a rid road from here to Winchester!’ shouted the holders and knights.
▪ IV. rid, ppl. a.2 rare.
[f. ride v.]
= ridden.
1631D. Lloyd Leg. Capt. Jones (1648) 10 He..supply'd him with a horse Well rid and fierce.
▪ V. rid
obs. form of red a. and n.1, rede v.1, ride v.; var. redd n.2 |