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assimilation|əˌsɪmɪˈleɪʃən|
Also 7–8 -ulation.
[prob. a. F. assimilation, ad. L. assimilātiōn-em, n. of action f. assimilāre to assimilate; but it may have been taken directly from the L.]
1. a. The action of making or becoming like; the state of being like; similarity, resemblance, likeness.
1605Timme Quersit. i. xv. 74 The elimentary or nourishing humour of life..is called the assimilation or resemblance of the nourishment and nourished. 1660Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 180/1 Wisdom..is nothing else but an Assimulation to the Deity. 1830Sir J. Herschel Stud. Nat. Phil. 302 The assimilation of gases and vapours. 1869Lubbock Preh. Times viii. 277 Ten times fifty years must elapse before their complete assimilation can be effected.
b. Philol. The action of assimilating or fact of being assimilated: see assimilate v.
1850Proc. Philol. Soc. IV. 89 The law for the assimilation of vowels..will account for the introduction of an o in biodh-mur,..before the u of the final syllable. 1871B. H. Kennedy Public Sch. Lat. Gram. 18 Complete Assimilation occurs, when, of two meeting Consonants, the former becomes the same as the latter. 1885Cook tr. Siever's O.E. Gram. §86. 38 A partial assimilation of the basic vowel to the following sound. 1936Language XII. 246 An assimilation is produced by the replacement of some phoneme or phonemes by other phoneme or phonemes shortly to be uttered.
2. The becoming conformed to; conformity with. arch.
1677Hale Prim. Orig. Man. ii. vii. 197 If they escape a total Assimulation to the Country where they thus are mingled. 1794Sullivan View Nat. II. 75 In assimilation with all, M. Macquer thinks that, etc.
3. The action of likening, comparison.
4. a. Conversion into a similar substance; esp. the process whereby an animal or plant converts extraneous material into fluids and tissues identical with its own; absorption of nutriment into the system. (By some physiologists restricted to the final stage of this conversion, which takes place after the absorption of digested fluids by the lymphatics and blood-vessels.)
1626Bacon Sylva §877 Frictions..make better Passages for the Spirits, Bloud, and Aliments..All which help Assimulation. 1727–51Chambers Cycl. s.v., Assimilation we see in flame, which converts..fuel into its own firy and luminous nature. 1836Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. 144/1 Assimilation..is the ultimate term of nutrition. 1880Gray Bot. Text Bk. iii. §4. 85 Vegetable assimilation..being the conversion of inorganic into organic matter, takes place in all ordinary vegetation only in green parts.
b. fig.
1790Burke Fr. Rev. 114 Which, by a bland assimilation, incorporated into politics the sentiments which beautify and soften private society. 1871Freeman Hist. Ess. Ser. i. i. 36 The first Teutonic settlement involved, whether by extirpation or assimilation, the..driving out of the earlier British.
†5. Path. The supposed conversion of the fluids of the body to the nature of any morbific matter. Obs.
1864Webster cites Parr. 1881Syd. Soc. Lex., Assimilation destructive, a term formerly used to express what is known now as Metabolism.
6. Psychol. The process whereby the individual acquires new ideas, by interpreting presented ideas and experiences in relation to the existing contents of his mind. Used with some manner of qualification or specification by various writers.
1855H. Spencer Psychol. I. ii. viii. 267 Knowing a feeling is the assimilation of it to past kindred exactly like it. 1873G. H. Lewes Problems of Life & Mind 190 Since interpretation means mental assimilation, the significance of the phenomena must depend upon the pre-perceptions and pre-conceptions which they arouse. 1896G. F. Stout Analyt. Psychol. II. 118 Assimilation there must always be, inasmuch as the existence of a given experience coincides with the re-excitement of some preformed disposition. 1897C. H. Judd tr. Wundt's Outlines Psychol. 227 Assimilations, or associations between the elements of like compounds. Ibid. 228 Assimilations are a form of association that is continually met with, especially in the case of intensive and spacial ideas. 1923W. McDougall Outl. Psychol. 397 By some psychologists who followed Locke's way of ‘ideas’, yet saw that ‘ideas’ cannot be generated by association alone..assimilation was made the fundamental mode of growth.
7. Geol. The absorption of extraneous matter by an igneous magma.
1903R. A. Daly in Amer. Jrnl. Sci. XV. 270 The ‘marginal assimilation’ theory of plutonic intrusion..a hypothesis of slow caustic action by magmas that have advanced into the overlying earth-crust by their own energetic solvent action. 1909A. Harker Nat. Hist. Igneous Rocks iii. 83 On the assimilation hypothesis, still supported by some French geologists, an igneous rock-magma is supposed to be capable of melting and incorporating freely the solid rocks which it encounters. |