| 释义 |
younker|ˈjʌŋkə(r)|
Forms: 6 yonckher, yongker, yonkar, yooncker, yoonker, yunker, Sc. ȝungker, ȝoungker, ȝounker, ȝonkier, 6–7 yoncker, Sc. ȝonker, 7 youngker, 6, 9 yunker, 8 younkier, 6– yonker, younker.
[ad. MDu. jonckher, jonghheer, jonchere (mod.Du. jonker, jonkheer) = jonc young + hêre lord, master (her, here n.). Cf. OFris. ionker, MHG. junchêrre (G. junker: see Junker1).]
†1. A young nobleman or gentleman, a youth of high rank (orig. Dutch or German, hence generally). Cf. Junker1. Obs.
1505in Lett. Rich. III & Hen. VII (Rolls) I. 253 Also go to yenker [sic] Flovrens, and sae I recommand me to hem. Ibid. II. 383 The king made knightes of the Toyson at Myddelburgh..amonges whiche were my Lord Nassou, Don John Emanuel,..Yonker Florens and Monsieur de la Layn. 1513Douglas æneis i. viii. 8 The quene Dido.. To temple cummis with ane fair menȝie Of lustie ȝonkeris walking hir about. 1533Bellenden Livy iii. xii. (S.T.S.) I. 296 With þe patricians & nobil ȝounkeris of þe ciete. 1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. xiv. (1870) 160 The people of Hygh Almayne..yf some of them can get a fox tale or two..standyng vp ryght vpon theyr cappe,..or that he maye haue..any long feder on his cap, than he is called a ‘yonker’. 1560Coverdale Treat. Death iii. iii, Some say (and speciallye great yonkers) mi mourning..is, because my kinred..perysheth. 1617J. Taylor (Water P.) Three Wks. Observ. F 2, A man is in almost as high promotion to bee a knaue in England, as a Knight in Germany, for there a Gentleman is called a Youngcurr, and a Knight is but a Youngcurs man. c1645Howell Lett. (1890) 301 There was a Parliament then at Rhensburgh, where all the Younkers met.
2. A young man generally, in early use esp. a gay or fashionable young man: = youngster 1.
1513Douglas æneis i. vi. 29 How, say me, ȝonkeris, saw ȝe walkand heir, By aventure ony of my sisteres deir? 1560Coverdale Treat. Death i. xii, Then were we forced to receiue & loue the gospel, which els here to fore might not come to such stout and ioly yonkers. 1578Lyte Dodoens vi. i. 656 Venus loued the younker Adonis better then the warrier Mars. 1596H. Clapham Briefe Bible ii. 152 The yonker Saul, consented to the death of Steuen. 1611Chapman May Day iv. 60 How now? whom doe I see? my daughter and a yonker together? 1748Richardson Clarissa III. 59 When put to the university, the same course of initial studies will qualify the yonker for the one line or for the other. 1880Disraeli Endym. xlvii, He always encouraged one. A younker likes that. 1885C. F. Holder Marvels Anim. Life 227 He was as wild a yonker as they make 'em.
†b. spec. A boy or junior seaman on board ship: cf. youngster 2. Obs.
c1595Capt. Wyatt R. Dudley's Voy. W. Ind. (Hakl. Soc.) 36 Two proper younkers sailers, and two painfull and able Dutchmen. 1622R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea (1847) 44 To have younkers in the top continually, is most convenient. 1626Capt. J. Smith Accid. Yng. Seamen 6 The Younkers are the yong men called Fore-mast men, to take in the Topsayles, or Top and yeard; Furle, and Sling the maine Saile; Bousing or Trysing; and take their turne at Helme. 1786Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) I. 160 To Lord Ducie say compliments; why has he never sent the younker? a1818Miss Rose in G. Rose's Diaries (1860) I. 9 He..served..as a younker and midshipman.
3. A child: = youngster 3.
1601Dent Pathw. Heaven 131 Two beares came out of the forrest, and tare in peeces two and fortie yonkers, which mocked Elisha. 1648Herrick Hesper., Upon Pagget, Pagget, a School-boy, got a Sword... Who wo'd not think this Yonker fierce to fight? 1742Blair Grave 461 Yet ne'er Yonker on the Green laughs louder. 1815Scott Guy M. xxxiv, Do you think the younker knows much of his own origin now? 1838Dickens O. Twist xxii, Sit down by the fire, younker, and rest yourself. 1842Tennyson Walking to Mail 25 And there he caught the younker tickling trout. 1866R. Chambers Ess. Ser. i. 157 A merry group of human younkers.
b. Of animals.
1868D. Gorrie Summ. & Wint. in Orkneys vii. 260 [276] Some old fellows thumping the yunkers with their finny paws while they tumbled headlong out of harm's way.
Hence (only with spelling yonk-) † ˈyounkerkin [-kin], a little younker; † ˈyounkerly a. [-ly1], befitting or characteristic of a younker, juvenile; † ˈyounkery (-erie) [-y3], younkers collectively.
a1529Skelton Replyc. Wks. 1843 I. 209 These demy diuines, and Stoicall studiantes, and friscaioly *yonkerkyns.
1579G. Harvey Let. to Spenser Wks. (Grosart) I. 24 Youre Latine Farewell is a goodly braue *yonkerly peece of work. 1593― Pierce's Super. 121 That yonkerly & presumptuous enterprise.
1594O. B. Quest. Profit. Concern. 13 We haue spent our selues thus vpon our *yonkerie, euen to that which would haue proued honest portions for them to haue liued all their life thorough. |