| 释义 |
revival|rɪˈvaɪvəl|
[f. revive v. + -al1.]
1. a. The act of reviving after decline or discontinuance; restoration to general use, acceptance, etc.; an instance or result of this.
1651Davenant Gondibert iii. iv. 68 The King has now his curious sight suffis'd With all lost Arts, in their revival view'd. 1693Dryden Disc. Satire Ess. (ed. Ker) II. 29 Unnecessary coinage [of words], as well as unnecessary revival, runs into affectation. 1731–8Swift Polite Conv. Introd. 58 The happy Revival of Masquerading among us. 1780Cowper Let. to Rev. J. Newton, 12 July, I have often wished..for the revival of the Roman custom—salutis at top, and vale at bottom. 1865Freeman Hist. Ess. Ser. i. vi. (1871) 160 The new German Empire is a fair revival of the old German Kingdom. 1874J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Par. Churches 179 The modern revival of extempore preaching.
b. The act of restoring an old play to the stage, or of republishing an old literary work. Also, the act of resuming a series of broadcast programmes.
1664J. Wilson Cheats, Another [prologue], intended, upon the revival of the Play, but not spoken. 1779Johnson L.P., Otway, Friendship in Fashion..was, upon its revival..in 1749, hissed off the stage. 1815Haslewood Mirr. Mag. Ded., The Mirror for Magistrates: A Popular Production of the Reign of Elizabeth which merited Revival. 1863Sat. Rev. 16 May 633 The preservation of hundreds of plays, and names which deserve remembrance and justify revival. 1888Century Mag. Feb. 544 note, Some of Mr. Daly's revivals have been beautifully costumed. 1955Times 13 May 16/1 The B.B.C. had left the door open... The minimum gap before such a revival would be six months. 1976in Amer. Speech (1978) LIII. 58 We retain the right to edit our material which includes excessive emotionalism or statements which could be detrimental to S[tar] T[rek] fandom or revival.
c. revival of learning, letters, or literature, the Renaissance in its literary aspect.
1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. Introd. (1794) 3 At the revival of learning, every thing disappeared to make room for the works of antiquity. 1812Sir H. Davy Chem. Philos. 20 Till the revival of literature in Europe there was no attempt at philosophical discussions in any of the Sciences. 1835Macaulay in Trevelyan Compet. Wallah (1866) 323 The great revival of letters among the Western nations at the close of the fifteenth and the beginning of the sixteenth century. 1872Morley Voltaire (1886) 1 The names of the great decisive movements in the European advance like the Revival of Learning or the Reformation.
d. Arch. The reintroduction of Gothic Architecture towards the middle of the 19th century.
1850Sir G. Scott Anc. Churches 20 One of the most discouraging features in the revival which has happily commenced among us. 1855― Sec. & Dom. Archit. (1858) 17 We have so generally come to the conclusion that the best period of our national architecture was the latter half of the thirteenth and the beginning of the fourteenth centuries, that we have insensibly adopted that as the groundwork of our revival. 1872Eastlake Hist. Gothic Revival 209 The year in which the foundation stone of the Parliament Houses was laid may be taken as a turning point in the History of the Revival.
2. a. Restoration to vigour or activity.
1752Mrs. Delany Life & Corr. (1861) III. 151 A month's visit would have been such a revival to me! 1772Wesley Jrnl. 4 Sept., There had been a fresh revival of the work of God among them. 1783Burke Rep. Aff. India Wks. II. 33 The revival of trade in the native hands is of absolute necessity. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. (1878) 491 This was the first time he had shown such a revival of energy. 1874J. Sully Sensation & Intuition 153 Where a feeling is extremely simple.., its too frequent revival tends to exhaust it.
b. Restoration or return to life or consciousness.
1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xlix. V. 134 On his revival from the swoon.., he recovered his speech and sight. 1810Crabbe Borough xx. 253 His son suspended saw him, long bereft Of life, nor prospect of revival left. 1856Kane Arct. Expl. ii. xxiv. 240 Ohlsen was no more. He had shown, a short half-hour before, some signs of revival. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 446 And revival, if there be such a thing, is the birth of the dead into the world of the living?
c. Chem. Revivification.
1788Phil. Trans. LXXIX. 14, I mentioned some instances of the revival of red precipitate in inflammable air.
d. The fact of renewing or raising again.
1885Act 48 Vict. c. 15 §1 Any notice..relating to the withdrawal and revival of objections.
3. a. A general reawakening of or in religion in a community or some part of one.
1702C. Mather Magn. Chr. III. 71 There was a notable Revival of Religion among them. 1757E. Wheelock Mem. (1811) 215 We rejoice to hear of a revival of religion in the established church. 1793Baptist Reg. for 1794–7 II. 74 A short sketch of revivals in religion. a1817T. Dwight Trav. New Eng., etc. (1821) II. 277 Four considerable revivals of Religion have taken place in Somers during his Ministry. 1821Universalist Mag. 9 June 193/3 There has been of late, in Hartford and its vicinity, what is called a revival in religion.
b. ellipt. for prec.; freq. in depreciatory use in reference to the excitement and extravagance which tend to accompany such movements.
1818J. Palmer Jrnl. 76 The Methodists of Cincinnati are very zealous, and have what they call ‘a revival’ in the country. 1849C. Brontë Shirley i, In the Methodist chapel down yonder, where they are in the thick of a revival. 1877Froude Short Stud. (1883) IV. ii. i. 166 The number of those who recollect the beginnings of the Oxford revival is shrinking fast.
attrib.1831J. J. Strang Jrnl. 31 July in M. M. Quaife Kingdom of St. James (1930) 195 The revival meeting lasted a fortnight or more. 1843J. C. in Baptist Reporter Feb. 56 A series of revival-meetings were held. 1859Stopford Work & Counter-work 7 A bodily illness which has come to be co-existent with this revival movement. 1891Atlantic Monthly June 813/2 The old slaves are loath to give up the hysteric emotionalism of revival preaching. 1956R. Macaulay Towers of Trebizond (1957) ix. 88 Then there had been the Billy Graham mission, which had passed through the other day, hired a room in the municipal buildings, and held a revival service through an interpreter. 1969C. Burke God is Beautiful, Man (1970) 98 One day there was a guy named Peter in a revival tent on an empty lot. 1976Times 13 Feb. 7/5 In 1876 he [sc. William Booth] set up as music publisher with Revival Music, a collection of hymns and gospel songs used by the Christian Mission, as his army was known until 1878.
▸ Chiefly U.S. An evangelical service; a revival meeting (see sense 3b).
1799J. Metcalf Let. 9 Sept. in B. H. Young Hist. Jessamine Co., Kentucky (1898) 197, I have written several letters to assist in holding the revival. 1845F. Douglass Narr. Life F. Douglass x, There was not a man any where round, who made higher professions of religion, or was more active in revivals,..—that prayed earlier, later, louder, and longer,—than this same reverend slave-driver. 1907J. McDonald Life in Old Virginia xx. 280 A new preacher who was conducting a revival without much success,..pictured to his hearers..the great joys of heaven, and the tortures of eternal fires. 1955F. O' Connor Wise Blood iii. 63 His shoes... He didn't wear them except for revivals and in the winter. 2001J. Grisham Painted House 108 In Black Oak, if you didn't go to church, folks knew it. We had to have somebody to pray for during revivals. |