| 释义 |
▪ I. array, v.|əˈreɪ|
Forms: 3–7 aray(e, 4–6 araie, (5 araȝe-n, arey), 5–7 arraie, arraye, 6– array.
[a. AF. araye-r, araie-r, = OF. areyer, -eier, early OF. areer (1st pers. sing. arei), later a(r)royer, cogn. w. Sp. arrear, Pg. arreiar, Pr. aredar, It. and early Rom. arrēdāre, f. a, ad to + *rēdo (OF. rei, rai, roi), ‘preparation, order,’ ad. LG. rêde (OFris. rêde, rêd, OE. rǽde, ᵹerǽde), Goth. garaid-s, ready, prepared; cf. garaidjan to make ready, garaideins preparation, order. Arrēdāre, areer, was thus ‘to make ready, put into order.’]
I. Of order of position.
1. To set or place in order of readiness, to marshall. esp. To draw up prepared for battle, and in obs. phr. to array a battle.
a. lit. To raise in arms. See array n. 3.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. B. 1442 Þe iueles out of Ierusalem..Bi þe syde of þe sale were semely arayed. c1350Will. Palerne 3560 To þe feld he went..his batailes to araie. 1375Barbour Bruce iii. 233 Hannyball his mekill mycht Aganys thaim arayit was. 1382Wyclif Isa. liv. 11, I shal araie bi order thi stones. c1400Destr. Troy xv. 6105 The secund batell..þe soueran araiet. 1576Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 245 This place is of it selfe very fit..to array an host of men upon. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xviii. IV. 226 A force of thirteen thousand fighting men were arrayed in Hyde Park. 1879O'Flanaghan Munst. Circ. 197 They could persecute any rebel with fire and sword; and for this purpose might array any of the queen's loyal subjects.
b. fig. esp. in phr. To array against.
1823Byron Island iii. x, All round them seem'd array'd Against them. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 375 On the other side were arrayed almost all the eminent forensic talents of the age. 1857Buckle Civilis. vii. 341 To induce nearly the whole of the clergy to array themselves against Science. 1871Farrar Witn. Hist. ii. 56 These doubts will be arrayed before their minds.
2. Law. To array a panel, a jury. Cf. array n. 7.
1591Lambarde Archeion (1635) 207 Arraying of Pannels. 1641Termes de la Ley 26 Aray is the taking or ordering of a Jury..from whence cometh the Verbe to array a pannell. 1768Blackstone Comm. iii. xxiii. 359 If he [the sheriff] arrays the panel..under the direction of either party, this is good cause of challenge to the array. 1863[see array n. 7].
II. Of order of condition.
†3. To order, arrange, put or keep in order. Obs.
c1440Morte Arth. 509 He askes hyme..How he arayes þe rewme and rewlys þe pople.
III. Of orderly equipment, dress.
†4. To put in order for a purpose; to make (a thing) ready, prepare. Obs.
c1325E.E. Allit. P. A. 718 To suche is heuen-ryche arayed. 1382Wyclif Isa. lviii. 5 Sac and asken to araȝen [1388 make redi]. 1388― Acts xxiii. 30 The Aspies that thei arayden [1382 maden redy] for hym. 1393Gower Conf. II. 254 The bathes weren than araied. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 26/2 Thou arayest us lord to the, and thou arayest the to us. 1485― Chas. Gt. 209 Amende and araye theyr harnoys.
†b. refl. To prepare oneself, make ready. Obs.
c1320R. Brunne Medit. 990 And arayde hem faste þen for to gone. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 11 Resoun gan arrayen hym alle þe reume to preche. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. x. (1495) 38 We sholde..araye vs to receyue thynges that euerlastyth. c1440Gesta Rom. 322 The stiward perceivid þe Emperour in chambir, and araiyng him to bed.
†c. intr. To make preparations. Obs. rare.
1387Trevisa Higden Rolls Ser. IV. 281 While Herode arayeþ for þe children deeþ..[de nece puerorum disponeret].
†5. To make ready (food).
a. To prepare, ‘dress.’
b. To serve up in proper fashion. Obs.
1366Mandeville xix. 214 Arraye for me, to morwe, a gode Dyner. 1393Gower Conf. III. 23 The coke, which shal his mete array. c1440Gesta Rom. 149 The Coke, whan he had araied the hert. 1508–13W. de Worde Bk. Keruynge in Babees Bk. 277 Yf the capons be soden, araye hym in the maner aforesayd.
†6. To fit (any one) out with needful preparations, to equip with (a force, etc.). Obs.
1393Gower Conf. III. 288 He was with worthy compaignie Arraied. c1400Destr. Troy iv. 1143 He will aray hym full rad with a route noble.
†7. To furnish (a house, etc.). Obs.
1366Mandeville v. 48 The prestes arrayen her Awtere honestly. c1386Chaucer Frankl. T. 459 So wel arrayed hous as ther was oon. 1387Trevisa Higden Rolls Ser. I. 217 The Capitol was arrayed with hiȝe walles i-heled with glas and with gold. c1400Destr. Troy iii. 750 An Inner chamber, Þat was rially arayed with a riche bede. c1450Lonelich Grail xx. 68 A large hostel for twenty men..he gan areyen.
8. To furnish the person with raiment (= arrayment), to attire, dress; now, to dress up with display.
a. trans.
1297R. Glouc. 36 Tho kyng Leir arayed was. c1340Hampole Prose Tr. 27 To wirchipe his heuede and his face, and aray it faire and curyusly. c1450Merlin xiv. 225 The kynge made his doughter to aray hem in riche robes. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. 49 Take vp thy chyldren and aray them. 1535Coverdale Isa. xxii. 21 Araye him with thy cote, and gyrde him with thy gyrdle. 1611Bible Gen. xli. 42 Pharaoh..arayed him in vestures of fine linnen. 1755Young Centaur i. Wks. 1757 IV. 110 As the Jews arrayed our blessed Lord in a purple robe, to mock him.
b. refl. To dress; now, to dress oneself up.
a1300Cursor M. 3365 Scho hir arayed in better wede. c1475Squyr Lowe Degre 305 There he araied him in scarlet reed. 1603Shakes. Meas. for M. iii. ii. 26, I drinke, I eate, array my selfe, and liue. 1802M. Edgeworth Moral T. I. x. 80 A plaid, in which Miss McEvoy had arrayed herself.
c. intr. (= refl).
1718Pope Iliad iii. 409 The beauteous warrior now arrays for fight, In gilded arms.
d. To put on (dress, armour, etc.).
1611Cotgr. s.v. Sot, The robes that women doe array, their priuate fooleries bewray. 1809Campbell Gert. Wyom. iii. xx, As he the sword and plume in haste array'd.
9. transf. and fig.
a. To ‘clothe,’ ‘attire.’
1388Wyclif 1 Tim. ii. 9 Wymmen..with schamefastnesse & sobrenesse araiynge hem silf. 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 68 Arraye you withe iustice. 1786W. Gilpin Tour Lakes, A mountain..arraying itself in the majesty of darkness. 1846Keble Lyra Innoc. (1873) 154 In fear and love thy heart array.
b. To adorn, deck, set off.
1652Benlowes Theoph. xii. lvii, Pearld dew arraies As yet the virgin-meads. 1697Dryden Virg. Eclog. v. 91 The Purple Spring Arrays the various Ground. 1823Byron Island iv. vii, She..thus array'd the grot with torchlight.
†10. ironically,
a. To ‘dress,’ giving a dressing to, drub, thrash; discomfit, rout. Cf. deray. Obs.
c1380Sir Ferumb. 417 A man heȝ of mod? Sarasynȝ to yule [= ill] arraye. c1400Beryn 603 We wolde aray hym so That he [ne] shuld have legge ne foot, to-morow on to go. 1481Reynard (1844) 85, I am so sore arayed, and sore hurte. c1530Ld. Berners Arth. Lyt. Bryt. (1814) 131 A! syr..thus hath arayed me two armed knightes.
†b. To put into a (sore) plight, trouble, afflict.
a1500Lancelot 3270 Remembir the, how yhow haith ben araid..With love. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xviii. xxxix, Hath love suche myght for to aray you so In so short a space? 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par., Luke xiii. 11 Araied with a disease both incurable and peiteous to see. a1600Passion of Cryste 419 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 17 Vyce..Whiche hathe hym so Encombered and arayed.
†c. To disfigure, dirty, befoul, defile. Obs.
1530Palsgr. 435/2, I araye or fyle with myer. Jemboue. Ibid. 436/1 You have arrayed your gowne agaynst the wall. 1530Calisto & Melib. in Hazl. Dodsley I. 78 Indeed age hath arrayed thee! That thou art she, now can scant be espied. 1575Gamm. Gurton's Needle i. ii, See, so cham arrayed with dabbling in the dirt.
▪ II. array, n.|əˈreɪ|
Forms: 4 arai, 4–6 aray(e, araie, (5 arey), 5–6 arraie, arraye, 5– array. Aphet. ray.
[a. AFr. arai = OF. arei (later aroi, arroi), = Pr. arrei, It. arredo, f. areer: see prec. (The final diphthong imitates the accented forms of the vb. and the primitive n. rei.)]
I. Order of position.
1. a. Arrangement in line or ranks, esp. martial order. Phrases: in battle array, out of array (obs.).
c1350Will. Palerne 1597 Þe bolder ouȝt we be, þei ben out of araie. 1475Caxton Jason 29 b, The king of Sklauonye helde his men in araye. 1535Coverdale Joel ii. 7 Euery man in his goinge shal kepe his araie. 1584D. Powel Lloyd's Cambria 108 He followed apase and brake their Arraie. 1570–87Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1806) I. 44 They found them out of araie in following the chase. 1599Greene Alphonsus (1861) 242 Place thy men-at-arms In battle 'ray. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 887 With Horse and Chariots rankt in loose array. 1693Mem. Count Teckely iv. 31 Their Infantry was drawn up in Battel-array in the Plain beyond. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. i. (1782) I. 16 Wedged together in the closest array. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles vi. xxxi, The boldest broke array. 1839James Louis XIV, III. 411 A young officer..drew his little force up in array.
b. fig.
1393Langl. P. Pl. C. vi. 158 Boþe monkes and chanouns Han ride out of a-ray. 1611Bible Job vi. 4 The terrors of God doe set themselues in aray against mee. 1757Young Last Day iii. 239 All Heav'n's terrors in array surround the ball. 1859Helps Friends in C. I. 77 When all Europe was distinctly marked off into Protestant and Catholic, you might bring these two great sections face to face in hostile array.
†2. A disposition of men in martial order, a display of military force. Obs.
c1350Will. Palerne 1597 Al þat real aray reken schold men neuer. c1380Sir Ferumb. 2423 Of þat host to be-holde þ⊇ huge aray. c1461Earl of Oxford in Paston Lett. 390 II. 12 If Howard purposith hym to make any aray at oure manor of Wynche. 1553Q. Mary in Strype Eccl. Mem. III. App. i. 3 And that ye stir not in a forcible array.
3. The calling forth of a military force, the arming of the militia; esp. in Hist. phrase, Commission of Array.
1640–4Chas. I Let. in Rushworth Hist. Coll. iii. (1692) I. 657 In ancient time the Militia of the Kingdom was ever disposed of by the Commissions of Array. 1647May Hist. Parl. ii. vi. 115 The time of these contentions between the Ordinance of the Militia and Commission of Array. 1809Tomlins Law Dict. s.v. Militia, The form of the commission of array was settled in parliament anno 5 Hen. 4. 1844Ld. Brougham Brit. Const. xiii. (1862) 181 The public servants who had charge of the musters and arrays. 1875Stubbs Const. Hist. I. xiv. 135 Wales was to furnish infantry raised by the new plan of commissions of array
4. concr. A host in array; a military force. Hist. The militia of a county or city.
1643[Angier] Lanc. Vall. Achor 15 The Array, with some three hundred armed men..possessed themselves of Blackburne. 1821Scott Kenilw. xv, Instructions to have a part of the array of the county ready. 1842Macaulay Horatius i, And bade his messengers ride forth..To summon his array. 1849― Hist. Eng. i. I. 150 The whole array of the city of London was under arms.
†5. Order, orderly sequence. Obs. rare.
1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 17 To the ende that I may proceed in some maner of array, I will first shewe, etc.
6. a. A series of things exhibited or displayed in line or order; an imposing series.
1814Byron Corsair iii. i, Their long array of sapphire and of gold. 1843Prescott Mexico iii. iii. (1864) 148 Displaying a formidable array of teeth. 1846Grote Greece ii. iv. (1883) II. 300 An array of powerful Doric cities. 1856Kane Arct. Exp. I. v. 47 On the right we have an array of cliffs. 1875Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. xvi. 285 A long array of Trans-alpine chivalry. 1883J. Browning in Knowledge 24 Aug. 113/2 Something more than an array of figures.
b. Math. An arrangement of quantities or symbols in rows and columns; = matrix n. 6.
1880R. F. Scott Theory of Determinants i. 2 These when written one under the other in rows form a rectangular array... In the theory of determinants we have frequently to deal with several such arrays. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXV. 277/2 The square array being termed the matrix of the determinant. 1908G. H. Hardy Pure Math. 301 [c blue]Arrange all the possible products of pairs um vn in the form of a doubly infinite array[/c]
u0 v0 u1 v0 u2 v0{ddd}
u0 v1 u1 v1 u2 v1{ddd}
u0 v2 u1 v2 u2 v2{ddd}
1943Margenau & Murphy Math. Physics & Chem. x. 288 A collection of real or complex quantities is called an array if it can be displayed in an orderly table of rows and columns.
c. In Statistics, an arrangement of correlated phenomena or data.
1896K. Pearson in Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A. CLXXXVII. 260 Let A and B be two correlated organs (variables or measurable characteristics) in the same or different individuals, and let the sub-group of organs B, corresponding to a sub-group of A.., be extracted. Let the first of these sub-groups be termed an array, and the second a type. 1938L. J. Holman Simplified Statistics iii. 24 This arrangement, whether of men or any other items in order of size or other value, is called by statisticians an array. 1957Kendall & Buckland Dict. Statist. Terms 11 Array,..More usually, the term denotes some special arrangement of the observations, e.g. in order of magnitude.
d. Computing. A set of memory locations or data items in which each member is identified by a common identifier together with one or more subscripts (according to the number of dimensions of the array), so that the set can be treated as a linear series.
1957Proc. Western Joint Computer Conf. 192/2 This compilation involves..the generation of (symbolic) tags for those arithmetic instructions which refer to subscripted variables (variables which denote arrays) which in combination with the indexing instructions..will refer correctly to the individual members of those arrays. 1961Communications Assoc. Computing Machinery IV. 60/1 One of the more challenging features of Algol 60 is the possibility of allowing the dimensions of an array to be defined by variables which take on their values only dynamically, so that no fixed amount of storage in the computer can be reserved by the compiler at compilation time. 1971P. I. Haskel in R. A. Wisbey Computer in Lit. & Ling. Res. 166 All collocating words within the span of plus and minus four are placed into an array (a particular kind of data object in snobol4) with the appropriate keyword. 1973[see subscript n. 2 b]. 1984J. Scriven Working Electron iii. 62 Lines 1270–1290 read the character definition from the normal character set for each letter and load them into array Z(X). 1984Personal Software Winter 21/1 The workhouse of the program is the array A(x, y).
7. Law. The order of impanelling a jury; the panel.
1579Fulke Heskins's Parl. 389 The last couple..make vp a ful Iewrie..but we may lawfully chalenge the aray. 1628Coke On Litt. 156 a, The Jurors names are ranked in the pannel one vnder another, which order or ranking the Jurie is called the array. 1863Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. ii. iii. 353 Challenge to the array is an exception to the whole panel, on account of partiality or some default in the..officer who arrayed the panel. 1865Daily Tel. 2 Dec. 5/6 The officer to whom the array was entrusted being a Catholic.
II. Order of condition or state.
8. a. A condition of special preparation, or which has been attained by special preparation; the state of being specially fitted out, as for war, festivities, solemnities. Now only poet.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. 110 Þe barons on gode aray, at London mad þei feste. c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 206 Al the paleys put was in array. c1440Morte Arth. 74 One ryalle araye he helde his rounde table. 1447O. Bokenham Lyvys of Seyntys 34 The fyrst day of this solenne aray. 1484Rich. III in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. II. 54 I. 106 To be redy in their moost defensible arraye. 1702Pope Jan. & May 308 The pomp, the pageantry, the proud array. 1816Scott Old Mort. ii, To be partakers of the array and the sports which took place. c1840Alford Poems, Stand up before your God In beautiful array.
b. in evil array: in a bad condition, badly.
c1400Ywaine & Gaw. 2969 Thair clothes war reven on evil arai.
c. (Combining 6 and 8.)
1851D. G. Mitchell Fresh Glean. 60 Flowers and fruits in pretty array stretch down the French table-d'hôte. 1858Longfellow M. Standish i. 8 Glittering weapons of warfare, Hanging in shining array along the walls of the chamber.
†9. Arrangement, order, or position of matters; a plight, a case; a (pretty) state of affairs! Obs.
c1386Chaucer Wife's T. 46 Thow stondest yet..in such array, That of thy lyf hastow no sewerté. c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 320 But uppon clay If thou wilt bilde an other is the array. 1634Malory's Arthur (1816) II. 399 ‘Aha! what array is this?’ said sir Launcelot. a1529Skelton El. Rummyng 163 Some have no mony—For theyr ale to pay; That is a shreud aray. 1568Jacob & Esau v. v. in Hazl. Dodsl. II. 252 Where are we now become? marry sir, here is array!
†10. The work of special preparation. Obs.
c1460Towneley Myst., Coliphiz. 192 How myght that be trew? it toke more aray; The masons I knewe that hewed it, I say. 1660Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 99/2 The Phrygians is Euripides new Play. But Socrates gave it the best Array.
11. a. Outfit, attire, dress. Now only poet.
a1300Cursor M. 3364 In better aray hir forto dyht. c1386Chaucer Prol. 330 He rode but homely in a medlee cote..Of his array tell I no lenger tale. c1410Sir Cleges 255 In pore clothyng was he tho, And in sympull araye. a1450Knt. de la Tour (1868) 29 Be not the furst to take new shappes and gises of array of women. 1451Test. Ebor. (1855) II. 156 All my kerchieffs and array that longes to my hede. 1535Coverdale Rev. iii. 5 Clothed in whyte araye. 1596Shakes. Tam. Shr. iii. i. 325 We will haue rings, and things, and fine array. 1699Dryden Flower & Leaf 35 Dressing, by the Moon, in loose Array. 1768Beattie Minstrel i. iii, Though homely in array. 1810Scott Lady of L. ii. xxxvi, Such array As best might suit the watery way.
b. fig. and transf.
c1500Lancelot 675 Wp goith the sone in to his fresh aray. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, i. iii. 55 Thou Wolfe in Sheepes array! 1592― Rom. & Jul. iii. iii. 142 Happinesse Courts thee in her best array. 1877Bryant May Evening xii, Earth renews Her beautiful array.
12. An assembly of directional radio aerials. See aerial a. 6 b, beam n.1 24.
1919G. A. Campbell Coll. Papers (1937) 280 Antenna Arrays. 1929Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. VIII. 309 Comparisons of calculated and observed directional diagrams of..wave-antenna arrays are..discussed. 1930[see aerial a. 6 b]. 1938P.O. Electr. Engin. Jrnl. XXXI. 94/1 Array type antennæ..are usually employed for ultra-short wave links... Arrays consisting of up to 24 half-wave elements..may be erected. 1940[see antenna 5 b]. 1965New Scientist 16 Sept. 676 A laser beam can correlate signals received by an extremely complex radar array.
III. 13. Special Combs.: array processing, the computer processing of arrays (sense 6 d); so array processor, a computer specially designed for processing arrays; spec. a specialized computer which does this, usu. by parallel processing, for a mainframe or host computer.
1960L. J. Spieker (title) Seismometer *array and data processing system. (Texas Instr. Final Rep., Phase 1.) 1964Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. LIV. 278 Applications of array-processing techniques to seismic recordings of earthquakes and blasts have been few. 1980Economist 21 June 97/2 Different supercomputers take different approaches to problem-solving. At the moment, there are two basic approaches: the pipeline approach and the array-processing technique.
1964E. W. Moore (title) Effect of changing multiple *array processor output filter band width. (United Electrodynamics Rep.) 1975Aviation Week & Space Technol. 7 July 40 Package containing a spread-spectrum modem.., an adaptive antenna array processor, [etc.]. 1977Sci. Amer. Sept. 224/2 Machines such as this one are called array processors or single-instruction-stream, multiple-data-stream machines. 1983W. S. Davis Operating Systems (ed. 2) xviii. 425 Once defined, the arrays will be passed to an array processor, where the rules of linear algebra will be applied. |