| 释义 |
▪ I. retrieve, n.|rɪˈtriːv|
Also 6 retrife, 7 retriefe, retrive.
[f. the verb.]
†1.
a. The second discovery and flight of a bird (esp. a partridge) which has already been sprung. Obs.
1575Turberv. Venerie 173 The houndes will in and striue who may first gette in like Spaniels at retrife of a Partriche. 1616Surfl. & Markham Countrey Farme vii. xliv. 715 The long-winged hawke..gathereth vp againe to her first pitch, and there expecteth the retriue. 1644Digby Nat. Bodies xxxvii. 321 A fawkeners manning of a hawke, and trayning her to kill partridges, and to fly at the retriue. 1671E. Panton Spec. Juv. 66 The Covey was sprung again and the Hawks let fly, I spurr'd into the retrieve.
†b. In fig. contexts. Obs.
1625B. Jonson Staple of N. iii. i, We'll haue a flight at Mortgage, Statute, Band, And hard, but we'll bring Wax to the retriue. 1673Dryden Marr. à la Mode v. i, It vexes me to the Heart, to leave all my Designs with Doralice unfinish'd; to have flown her so often to a Mark, and still to be bobb'd at retrieve.
†2. A return of something. Obs. rare—1.
1657G. Thornley Daphnis & Chloe 112 They desired nothing so much as a quick retrive of the Spring.
3. a. Possibility of recovery. With beyond, past, † without (cf. retrieval 2).
1697G. Burghope Disc. Relig. Assemb. 81 Grown men and vicious, and incorrigible beyond retrieve. 1700Blackmore Isaiah xl. 273 We're ruin'd and undone, past all retrieve. 1706De Foe Jure Divino iii. 10 He's damn'd without Retrieve, if he lets go The Reins of Life. 1748Richardson Clarissa (1811) III. 181 A detected invasion, in an article so sacred, would ruin me beyond retrieve. 1842Browning Soliloquy Sp. Cloister ix, Such a flaw in the indenture As he'd miss till, past retrieve, Blasted lay that rose⁓acacia. 1886W. J. Tucker E. Europe 60 In an unguarded hour [he] ruined himself beyond retrieve.
b. The act of recovering; retrieval. Now rare.
1701Expedient Propos'd 23, I have done my part towards a retrieve of our Ecclesiastical Constitution. 1704M. Henry Friendly Visits Wks. 1853 I. 276/2 To devise all means possible for..the repair and retrieve of it [friendship] where it is withering and ready to die. 1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxii. (1856) 170 He had volunteered his services for an expedition of retrieve.
c. A controlled exercise for a gun-dog simulating the retrieval of game; the object retrieved.
1932L. Sprake Art of Dog Training v. 94 The pupil is taken to the regular training ground, and one or two retrieves of the usual dummy commence the proceedings. 1937E. B. Moffit Elias Vail trains Gun Dogs ix. 134 Gallery critics at field trials are puzzled at the difficulty that many handlers experience in getting a dog to go out far enough to a retrieve. 1953E. Stonex Golden Retriever Handbk. ix. 108 He must bring it right up to you—never let him run round you in circles with his retrieve. 1963M. Brander Gundogs iv. 37 Only the very earliest retrieves of all should be made with the dummy or plaything thrown in full view in the open, so that the pup is encouraged to run in after it at once. 1976Field 2 Sept. 474/1 He now performs the basic five retrieves as advocated by Maurice Hopper without any histrionics. 1979Country Life 26 July 220/1 The gundog area has..a timed retrieve competition (the scurry).
d. U.S. Sport. The act of intercepting or otherwise regaining possession of the ball.
1961in Webster. 1974State (Columbia, S. Carolina) 15 Feb. 3-b/1 Barron is averaging 19.3 points a game and has been getting 11.5 retrieves per contest.
Add:[3.] e. Angling. The act, method, or process of reeling or drawing in a line.
1972Field & Stream May 168/2, I began catching fish in 2 to 6 feet of water... I also changed my retrieve. 1977Chicago Tribune 2 Oct. iii. 10/2 One of the best ways to handle loose line for distance casting when wading is to form extra large coils of line on the retrieve. 1986Trout Fisherman July 31/2 Avoid jerking the line at all costs, and try to keep the retrieve as smooth as possible.
▪ II. retrieve, v.|rɪˈtriːv|
Also 5–6 retreve, 5–7 retrive (5 retryue), 7–8 retreive.
[ad. OF. retroev-, the stressed stem of retrover, retrouver, f. re- re- + trouver to find. The normal ME. representative of this, retreve, appears in the earliest examples; but the usual form during the 16th and 17th centuries was retrive, with the same unexplained change of vowel as in contrive. The modern retrieve seems to date from about 1650, but did not become the usual form till about 1680–90.]
I. trans.
1. Of dogs:
a. To find or discover again (game which has been temporarily lost); esp. to flush or set up (partridges) a second time.
c1410Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) xxxiii, To blawe a moote for þe lymer and late hym sewe till he haue retreued hym. Ibid. xxxiv, If it happe þat she be sqwate to fore hem and at þei retreue hir nought so sone as þei wolde. 1486Bk. St. Albans b iiij, Whan she hath done any of theys,..go and retriue moo and she will nym plente. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 41 The whelpe of a Mastife wyll neuer be taught to retriue the Partridge. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 122 These are taught by Falconers to retrive and raise Partridges. 1630R. Brathwait Eng. Gentlem. (1641) 113 These are dogges, said he, and necessary for Hawking, to find and retrive my game.
1826J. S. Sebright Hawking 24 If a young hawk does not take the bird in his first flight, and if it cannot be retrieved in a short time after he has put it in [etc.].
fig.1592Warner Alb. Eng. ix. xlix. 227 Popes vse Potentates but to retriue their Game. 1601Daniel Def. Ryme Wks. G 6 b, [He] must either giue off vnsatisfied, or vncertainely cast backe to retriue the escaped sence. 1648J. Beaumont Psyche xxii. clxxx, Their Pris'ner..they tie To that grim Hound which him retriev'd.
b. To find and bring in (a bird, etc.) that has been wounded or killed.
1856‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Rur. Sports 36/1 He..will retrieve any game, from the snipe to the pheasant. 1881Macm. Mag. XLIV. 476/2 The late Fürst's favourite retriever retrieving a fox. 1899Blackw. Mag. Feb. 420/1 The black dog..looked as if he had retrieved the whole nine.
2. a. To recover by study or investigation, esp. of the past; to restore to knowledge. Now rare.
1567Golding Ovid xv. 188 They haling out his hartstrings.., And poring on them, seeke therein Goddes secrets too retryue. 1591Sylvester Du Bartas i. ii. 792 Wherefore do ye strive With reach of Sense, God's wonders to retrive? a1661Fuller Worthies, Rutlandsh. (1662) 347 All that I can retrive of her is digested into these following particulars. 1686Phil. Trans. XV. 2 The following Discourses: Some of which retrieve lost Pieces of Antiquity. 1697Collier Ess. Mor. Subj. i. (1703) 66 They often..explain History and retrieve us several material Parts of Learning. 1774J. Bryant Mythol. I. 69 An ancient word..grown so obsolete that the original purport could not be retrieved. 1837Hallam Hist. Lit. i. i. §45 No industry has hitherto retrieved so much as a few lines of real Italian till near the end of the 12th century.
b. To recover by an effort of memory; to recall to mind.
1644Digby Nat. Bodies 358 We can not retriue wordes to expresse in what manner we conceiue it. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacræ iii. i. §18 For according to this, it is impossible for the mind to retrieve any object without mutilation of it. 1690Locke Hum. Und. ii. xxvii. (1695) 186 Suppose I wholly lose the memory of some parts of my Life, beyond a possibility of retrieving them. 1779Johnson L.P., Cowley (1868) 10 In perusing the works of this race of authors,..something already learned is to be retrieved, or something new is to be examined. 1836–7Sir W. Hamilton Metaph. xxxi. (1859) II. 230, I have now to shew you, how these thoughts, retained in memory, may..be again retrieved.
†c. To rediscover; to find again. Obs.
c1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 348 They consulted, that if they lost one another, how they might be retrieved and meet again. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 33 Ships lost in their road, by means of the sent, retrive their way.
d. To obtain again (stored information).
1962Communications Assoc. Computing Machinery V. 12/2 Some kind of indexing scheme that can retrieve records..within a short period of time. 1968Brit. Med. Bull. XXIV. 195/1 By means of electronic pulses the data would be placed inside the computer system,..and be available for analysis at a future date as well as being able to be retrieved on demand. 1971Nature 19 Mar. 155/2 Many short notes and letters contain the first ‘rush’ announcement of extremely important results—just what a current-awareness service should aim to retrieve. 1975J. B. Harley O.S. Maps p. xiv, In the process of retrieving information the Survey's Librarian..has conjured otherwise elusive papers into my hands.
3. To recover, regain, get or take possession of (a thing, etc.) again.
1589Nashe Martin Marprelate Wks. (Grosart) I. 81 O how my Palfrey..daunced the Goates iumpe, when I ranne the ring round about him to retriue him. 1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xxxiii. 203 Esdras..by the direction of Gods Spirit retrived them, when they were lost. 1684J. Peter Siege Vienna 70 That part of the Ravelin being thus retrieved was wholly abandoned by the Enemy. c1710C. Fiennes Diary (1888) 217 Tho' he had gotten quite down his head and all, yet did retrieve his feete,..with me on his Back. 1751Smollett Per. Pic. (1779) II. xli. 50 A warrant..to search for and retrieve the fugitive. 1832W. Irving Alhambra I. 215 They would be enabled to return and retrieve their treasures at some future day. 1885R. Bridges Nero iii. ii, Would'st thou now Retrieve thy purchase money?
4.
†a. To bring back; to cause to turn back or return. Also const. into, to. Obs.
a1597Peele David & Bethsabe iv. ii. H i b, Take but your Lute, and..Retriue the sunnes sphere, and restraine the clouds. 1605B. Jonson Volpone Epist. ⁋3 To see..those antique reliques of Barbarisme retriu'd with-all other ridiculous and exploded follies. 1623Massinger Bondman ii. i, But if retrivd into his back again, Would keep him warmer than a Scarlet wast-coat. 1652Benlowes Theoph. xiii. xciv, Which might our iron age to its first gold retrive. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacræ ii. v. §2 Till a new blast from the Spirit of God doth..retrieve it into its former heat.
b. To bring back from or out of a place or state; to rescue or save.
c1611Chapman Iliad xxiii. 71 From hel's low region..soules never are retriu'd To talke with friends here. c1656Waller Of a War with Spain 99 All labour now to save their Enemies;..And their young foes Endeav'ring to retrive, With greater hazard than they fought, they dive. 1695Woodward Nat. Hist. Earth ii. (1723) 99 To reclaim and retrieve the World out of this wretched and forlorn State. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull i. viii, One that had..retrieved his Family from the Oppression of old Lewis Baboon. 1738Wesley Hymns, Father, I stretch my Hands iii, Now my poor Soul Thou wouldst retrieve, Nor let me wait one Hour.
c. To save (time) from other occupations.
1687–8Lady R. Russell Lett. I. liv. 129 Just after I had retrieved time enough to scribble to you. 1706Logan in Pennsylv. Hist. Soc. Mem. X. 165 Therefore must beg her excuse till I can retrieve one minute or two of liberty to think again. 1879Hare Life B'ness Bunsen I. ix. 322 The time of study which Bunsen could retrieve from the Description of Rome.
5. a. To restore, revive; to bring back to the original state or to a flourishing condition.
1676J. Worlidge Cyder (1691) 150 Sharp or acid cider..may easily be retriv'd by a small addition of new spirits. 1715tr. Pancirollus' Rerum Mem. I. i. xiii. 33 By the help of Iron, we plant Orchards, and retrieve the Youth of decaying Vineyards. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. iii. 144 The retrieving the freedom of a single family. 1839–52Bailey Festus 477 Ye, too, lose Your place, in place: retrieve yourselves in good. 1854Browning Twins vi, Would ye retrieve the one? Try and make plump the other! 1861Buckle Civiliz. II. viii. 542 The spirit of the country was broken, and nothing could retrieve it.
b. esp. one's fortunes, honour, credit, etc.
1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 59 To merit mercy and retrieve his circumstances by his future fidelity. 1770Junius Lett. xxxvi. (1788) 193 The faithful servants, in whose hands you have left him, are able to retrieve his honour. 1809W. Irving Knickerb. v. i. (1849) 259 The very man fitted by nature to retrieve the desperate fortunes of her beloved province. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xiii. III. 373 The regular army would retrieve the honour which had been lost at Killiecrankie. 1880McCarthy Own Times IV. lx. 325 No courage, no patriotism, could now retrieve the fortunes of the field.
6.
†a. To make amends or atone for (a fault).
a1679W. Owtram Serm. (1682) 385 It is as well to retrieve a sin by true repentance for it.
b. To make good, repair, set right again (a loss, disaster, error, etc.).
1688Prior Ode St. John's, Camb. ix, Grace's Presence [shall] Nature's Loss retrieve. 1703in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. IV. 236 A supply for some years may put your Majesty in condition to retrieve what was not to be hindered. 1718Prior Solomon ii. 955 O Reason!..Accept my Sorrow, and retrieve my Fall. 1747Gray Favourite Cat vii, One false step is ne'er retriev'd. 1784Cowper Tiroc. 166 Describe a Saviour's cross As God's expedient to retrieve his loss. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India II. v. ii. 362 This disaster the majority of the Council deemed it an easy matter to retrieve. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India II. 263 He endeavoured to retrieve the error he had committed by the most solemn assurances. 1863Sat. Rev. 6 June 716 Until he has retrieved his late disaster, his pretensions will by no means embarrass his rivals.
†c. To discharge or pay (a debt). Obs. rare—1.
1711Steele Spect. No. 109 ⁋5 That Debt lay heavy on our House for one Generation, but it was retrieved by a Gift from that honest Man you see there.
II. intr.
7. Of dogs:
†a. To find and set up game again. Also fig. Obs. rare.
c1410Master of Game (M.S. Digby 182) xiii, Þei seche not wele, nor þei retreue nought wele, ne þei hunte not longe. 1530Palsgr. 689/2 It is a goode hounde, for he wyll retreve the best that ever I sawe. 1635Quarles Embl. i. xi. 45 What? will her rambling Fits be never past? For ever ranging? never once retrive?
b. To find and bring in wounded or dead game. Also said of a person.
1856‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Rur. Sports 36/1 A little rough terrier, expressly broken to retrieve, and kept for this alone. 1880H. C. St. John Wild Coasts Nipon 312, I used to get a boat-girl to retrieve for me, and very well she did it. 1884Bazaar 24 Dec. 2287/2 Well bred fox terrier,..good worker, and retrieves tenderly.
8. To recuperate; to recover.
1675Cocker Morals 4 Do not always strive, For sometimes to Retreat, is to Retrive. 1759Miller Gard. Dict. (ed. 7) s.v. Grove, To destroy these [trees], which will require an Age to retrieve. 1771Luckombe Hist. Printing 459 Towards the time of Decius the character began to lose its roundness and beauty; some time after it retrieved, and subsisted tolerably till the time of Justin. 1775H. Walpole Lett. (1904) IX. 134 The whole caravan were forced to go abroad to retrieve.
Hence reˈtrieved ppl. a.
1648G. Sandys Paraphr. Lament. iii. 7 My Soule like a retrived Partridge [they] chace. 1729Wightman Pref. to Boston's Fourfold St. 5 Human nature..in its depraved condition, in its retrieved state. 1807–8W. Irving Salmag. No. 13 (1860) 299 My fancy echoed to the applauding voices of a retrieved generation. 1892Greener Breech Loader 237 The retrieved birds should be placed on or near the hampers containing the living pigeons.
Add:[II.] 9. Angling. To reel or bring in a fishing-line.
1961in Webster. 1966K. T. Lilliecrona Salt-Water Fish & Fishing in S. Afr. i. 21 All one has to do is cast in this multi-hook trace among the fish, count twenty slowly and then retrieve to find every hook with a pinky on it. 1987Trout Fisherman Mar. 64/2 Always retrieve right up to the boat, as they'll often follow right in, even on a sunken line. 1988Sea Angling Q. Summer 44/3 When he reaches the breakers, with you retrieving furiously, he'll probably change course and make off downtide. |