| 释义 |
interpreter|ɪnˈtɜːprɪtə(r)|
Forms: 4–7 inter-, enterpretour, -or, 6– interpreter.
[ME. interpretour, AF. form of OF. interpreteeur, -teur, also entrepreteur (Godef.), ad. late L. interpretātōr-em (Tert.), agent-n. f. interpretārī to interpret. In 16th c. conformed to agent-nouns in -er, like speak-er: see -er1 2.]
1. One who interprets or explains.
†a. An official or professional expounder of laws, texts, mysteries, etc.; a commentator. Obs.
c1400Apol. Loll. 32 God seiþ bi Ysaie..þin enterpretors han brokyn þe lawe aȝenis Me. c1440Promp. Parv. 262/2 Interpretowre, or expownere, interpres. 1534More Comf. agst. Trib. ii. Wks. 1177/1 All the olde holye enterpretours, haue construed the scripture agaynst them. 1535Coverdale Num. xxii. 5 Balaam the sonne of Beor, which was an interpreter. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. v. §10 They convert their labours to aspire to certain second prizes: as to be a profound interpreter or commenter. 1678Bunyan Pilgr. i. 23 Then said Christian to the Interpreter, Expound this matter more fully to me.
b. One who interprets a particular thing, or interprets something in a particular way; one who explains or puts a construction upon the meaning or purposes of a person. Also transf. of things.
1531Elyot Gov. Proheme, I..beseche your hyghnes to dayne to be..defendour of this litle warke agayne the assaultes of maligne interpretours. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, i. ii. 82 What we oft doe best, By sicke Interpreters..is Not ours, or not allow'd. 1638Penit. Conf. vii. 191 Tears are a Penitents best Interpreter. 1833Brewster Nat. Magic ii. 17 We have supposed that the spectator..is a faithful interpreter of the phenomena presented to his senses. 1857Pusey Real Presence ii. (1869) 185 Our prayers are the interpreters of the articles. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 117 The Poets and the Sophists, who are their interpreters. 1884Church Bacon ix. 225 Great ideas and great principles need their adequate interpreter..if they are to influence the history of mankind.
†c. Formerly a frequent title of books explaining the meaning of technical terms or unusual words. Obs.
1607Cowell (title) The Interpreter: or booke containing the Signification of Words. 1623Cockeram (title) The English Dictionarie: or, an Interpreter of hard English Words. 1672Manley Cowell's Interpreter Pref., I have reserved to it the former Name, and call it The Interpreter, which is most proper, as opening those obscure terms which otherwise are with great difficulty understood.
d. One who interprets (sense 1 d) photographs.
1950A. Lee Soviet Air Force ii. 55 Large flying units..had photographic interpreter specialists. 1958[see interpret v. 1 d].
2. One who translates languages.
†a. A translator of books or writings (obs.).
c1400tr. Secreta Secret., Gov. Lordsh. 48 Iohan þat translatyd þis book..ful wys, & leel enterpretour of langages. 1494Fabyan Chron. 1, The Hebrews..accompt for y⊇ sayd terme iii. M ix. C. sixty and iii yeres; the seuenty Interpretours rekyn v. M. C. lxxx. and xix. yeres. 1535Coverdale Pref. Apocrypha, The other prayer and songe..haue I not founde amonge eny of the interpreters, but onely in the olde latyn texte, which reporteth it to be of Theodotios translacion. 1797W. Johnston tr. Beckmann's Invent. II. 398 This error has been occasioned by the seventy interpreters.
b. One who translates the communications of persons speaking different languages; spec. one whose office it is to do so orally in the presence of the persons; a dragoman.
1382Wyclif 1 Cor. xiv. 28 If ther be not an interpretour, be he stille in the chirche. 1535Coverdale Gen. xlii. 23 They knew not that Ioseph vnderstode it, for he spake vnto them by an interpreter. 1600Holland Livy xxvii. xliii. 660 The letters [were] read by an enterpretour. 1752J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 212 In Cases where the Prisoner and Witnesses, do not understand the British Language, Interpreters must be procured and sworn, as follows. 1838Thirlwall Greece xii. II. 109 Psammetichus..consigned a number of Egyptian boys to their care, to be instructed in the Greek language, so as to form a permanent class of interpreters.
†3. One who makes known the will of another; a title of Mercury as messenger of the gods. (L. interpres divum Virgil.) Obs.
1490Caxton Eneydos xvi. 61 Iupyter..called to hym Mercuryus, whiche ys interpretour of the goddes. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 657 Uriel, for thou..The first art wont his great authentic will Interpreter through highest Heav'n to bring, Where all his Sons thy embassie attend. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. iv. §32. 487 She [Minerva] performing the office of an Interpreter and Introducer to the Gods when it is needful.
†4. Rhet. An explanation of one expression by another; = synonymy. (L. interpretatio.) Obs.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie iii. xix. (Arb.) 223 The Greekes call it Sinonimia..the Latines..called it by a name of euent, for (said they) many words of one nature and sence, one of them doth expound another. And there⁓fore they called this figure the Interpreter.
5. Computers.
a. A machine that prints on a punched card fed into it the alphabetic or numerical equivalent of the pattern of holes.
1936Office Machine Man. Dec., The Interpreter which interprets the information punched into the card and prints such information in figures along the top edge of the card. 1949E. C. Berkeley Giant Brains iv. 47 The chief IBM punch-card machines are: the key punch, the verifier, the sorter, the interpreter, the reproducer, the collator, the multiplying punch, the calculating punch, and the tabulator. 1970O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing iii. 54 If the cards have no text, a special machine, an ‘interpreter’, can be used to read the cards and print their contents on the top line.
b. An interpretive routine (see interpretive a. b).
1954Computers & Automation Dec. 15/2 Interpreter, an executive routine which, as the computation progresses, translates a stored program expressed in some machine-like pseudo-code into machine code and performs the indicated operations, by means of subroutines, as they are translated. 1958Gotlieb & Hume High-Speed Data Processing xiv. 291 If a complete translation of the program is prepared before the initiation of its operation the system is a compiler; if the pseudo-code is retranslated each time it is used during operation, the system is an interpreter. 1964[see interpretive a. b]. |