| 释义 |
▪ I. prelate, n.|ˈprɛlət|
Forms: 3–7 prelat, (3 pl. -laz, 3–4 pl. -las), 4– prelate, (5–6 prelatte, 6 Sc. -lot, pl. -leittis, -llattis, -lettis, 7 prælate).
[a. OF. prélat (pl. prelaz) = Pr. prelat, It. prelato, Sp. prelado; ad. L. prælāt-us, n. use of pa. pple. of præferre to carry or place before, prefer; in med.L. as n. a civil or ecclesiastical dignitary.]
1. An ecclesiastical dignitary of exalted rank and authority, as a bishop, archbishop, metropolitan, or patriarch; formerly also including the abbot or prior of a religious house, or the superior of a religious order.
c1205Lay. 24502 Of Rome he wes legat and of þan hirede prelat. a1225Ancr. R. 10 Gode religiuse beoð i þe worlde, summe nomeliche prelaz & treowe prechures. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3686 Þe bissops & oþer prelats þat of þe londe were. 1340Ayenb. 237 Alsuo is þe spot of lecherie more uouler and more perilous ine clerkes and ine prelas. c1380Wyclif Serm. Sel. Wks. I. 65 Wolde God þat preelatis wolde þenke on þis now. c1400Gower Addr. Hen. IV in Pol. Poems II. 11 The worldes princes and the prelats bothe. 14..Metr. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 629/19 Prelatte or byschop, antistes. 1485Caxton St. Wenefr. 9 Hys owne moder was prelate and chyef aboue the other relygyouse nonnes. 1562A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) i. 46 Lat perversit prelettis leif perqueir. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iii. ix. 150 A reverend religious man, of the Order of Saint Dominike, and Prelate thereof. 1644Milton Areop. (Arb.) 35 This project of licencing..was catcht up by our Prelates. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. xi. 378 The usual method of granting these investitures, which was per annulum et baculum, by the prince's delivering to the prelate a ring, and a pastoral staff or crosier. 1776Hume Life in Hist. Eng. (1812) I. Pref. 11 The primate of England,..primate of Ireland... These dignified prelates separately sent me a message not to be discouraged. 1844Lingard Anglo-Sax. Ch. (1858) II. i. 23 The presence of at least three prelates was required at the consecration of a bishop. 1856Emerson Eng. Traits, Relig. Wks. (Bohn) II. 101 The curates are ill-paid, and the prelates are overpaid.
†b. Applied to a chief priest of the Jewish, or other non-Christian religion. Obs.
a1400–50Alexander 1529 Now passis furth þis prelate with prestis of þe temple. 1526Tindale Matt. xxvii. 41 Lykwyse also the prelates mockinge hym with the scribes and seniours sayde [etc.]. Ibid. xxviii. 11 The kepers..shewed vnto the prelattes all thinges whych had hapened. 1540–1Elyot Image Gov. (1549) 2 Because he was prelate in the temple of the Son, whom the Phenices doe calle Heliogabalus. a1600Hooker Eccl. Pol. vii. xviii. §11 Moses and Aaron..the chief prince and chief prelate. 1600Holland Livy xxvii. vi. 630 C. Servilius the Prelate or Pontifex, was invested and installed in stead of T. Octacilius Crassus. 1601― Pliny II. 193 The Druidæ or Prelats of France aboue named, make great account of another herb..which they name Samolus.
†2. A person having superiority or authority; a chief, head, principal, superior. Obs.
1390Gower Conf. III. 234 Bot yit a kinges hihe astat, Which of his ordre as a prelat, Schal ben enoignt and seintefied. c1450tr. De Imitatione i. ix. 10 To stonde under obedience & lyue under a prelate, & not be at his owne liberte. c1450–60Bp. Grossetest's Househ. Stat. in Babees Bk. (1868) 328 Ȝe, that be principalle heuede or prelate to alle ȝoure seruauntis bothe lesse and more. 1502W. Atkynson tr. De Imitatione ii. ii. 181 The humble subieccyon of the subiecte to the prelate. a1614Donne βιαθανατος (1644) 149 And thus dyed..These Prelates of virginitie, Captaines of Chastitie, and companions in Martyrdome. 1780Von Troil's Iceland p. xvii, Dr. Von Troil..is prelate of all the Swedish orders of knighthood.
3. attrib. and Comb., as prelate founder, prelate lord, prelate martyr, prelate prince; prelate-like adj.; prelate-Protestant, hostile term for a Protestant of an episcopal church; prelate-purple, the shade of purple worn by bishops (cf. cardinal a. 8).
1746Acc. French Settlements in N. Amer. 24 The *prelate-founder has his apartments in the house.
a1550Freiris of Berwik 183 in Dunbar's Poems (S.T.S.) 291 So *prelat lyk sat he in to the chyre.
c1646Milton Sonn., On new Forcers Consc. 1 Because you have thrown of your *Prelate Lord, And with stiff Vowes renounc'd his Liturgie.
1641Milton Reform. Wks. (1847) 18/2 For those *prelate-martyrs they glory of, they are to be judged what they were by the Gospel.
1899Cath. Bk.-Notes 15 Apr. 103 To many the *prelate-prince is but vaguely known.
1680S. Mather Iren. 9 Not only the Independents and the Presbyterians, but the very Papists, and *Prelate-Protestants have thought it lawful.
1895Daily News 5 Feb. 6/6 The..favour in which *prelate-purple is held shows no symptom of decreasing.
▪ II. † ˈprelate, v.1 Obs.
[f. prec. n.]
intr. To act the prelate; to perform the office of a prelate. Hence † ˈprelating vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1548–9Latimer Ploughers B iij, Ye that be prelates loke well to your offyce, for right prelatynge is buisye labouryng and not lordyng. 1550Bale Apol. Pref. 8 b, They haue counterfeted..Iudas in kyssinge, Cayphas in prelatyng, & Pilate in washinge their handes. 1642Sir E. Dering Sp. on Relig. 12 Gods true Religion is violently invaded by two..enemies;..the Papists for one party, and our Prelating faction for the other. 1656S. H. Gold. Law 22 That the Presbyterie might Prelate it under the Notion of Priests, and so crush all other Sects.
▪ III. † preˈlate, v.2 Obs. rare.
[a. obs. F. prélater to prefer, advance, f. L. prælāt-, ppl. stem of præferre to prefer.]
1. trans. To utter, pronounce. rare.
1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. xxiii. (1870) 179 An Englyshman, without teachyng, can not speake nor prelate the wordes of an Italyan.
2. To exalt, raise, prefer in rank or power.
1626T. H. Caussin's Holy Crt. 89 To be borne into the world supereminently, prelated aboue all the creatures of the world.
3. refl. [transl. obs. F. se prelater to act the prelate, now se prélasser.] To affect an air of dignity and ostentatious gravity.
1685Cotton tr. Montaigne III. 386, I see some, who..prelate themselves even to the heart and liver [orig. qui se prelatent jusques au foye et aux intestins] and carry their state along with them, even to the close-stool. |