| 释义 |
Portuguese, a. and n.|pɔətjʊˈgiːz|
Also (6 porteguse), 7 -guèze, -guez, -guise, -gues(s, 7–9 -gueze.
[ad. Pg. portuguez, Sp. portugues, It. portoghese, F. portugais, in OF. portugalois, med.L. portugalensis: see Portugal and -ese.]
A. adj.
a. Pertaining to Portugal or its people. Also spec., of or pertaining to Sephardic Jews whose ancestors came from Portugal.
1662Howell (title) A New English Grammar..With som special remarks upon the Portugues Dialect,..For the service of Her Majesty. 1709Steele Tatler No. 75 ⁋5 He was low of Stature, and of a very swarthy Complexion, not unlike a Portugueze Jew. 1828C. McIntosh Pract. Gard. I. 67 A Portuguese settlement on the coast of Africa. 1851[see Sephardi]. 1866Geo. Eliot Let. 10 Aug. (1956) IV. 298 We looked about for the very Portuguese Synagogue where Spinoza was nearly assassinated... There are..three Portuguese Synagogues now [in Amsterdam]. 1902, etc. [see Spanish a. 1 d]. 1937,1960[see Manueline a.].
b. Hence in names of various things, as Portuguese cut, a particular form in which brilliants are sometimes cut (Cent. Dict. 1889); Portuguese knot: see quot.; Portuguese man-of-war: see man-of-war 4; Portuguese oyster, a type of oyster, Crasostrea angulata, which has a bumpy, greenish shell and is native to Portugal although it is cultivated elsewhere, esp. in France; also ellipt.; Portuguese parliament Naut. slang, a discussion in which many speak simultaneously; hubbub; Portuguese trade-wind, a north-east wind felt along the coast of Portugal (Funk's Stand. Dict. 1895).
1871Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. May 299 A similar band is known as the Portuguese Knot used as a lashing for sheave legs.
1890J. R. Philpots Oysters I. xxv. 590 The mollusc known under the name of the Portuguese oyster does not belong to the same genus as our indigenous oyster. 1928Russell & Yonge Seas xiv. 301 Of recent years it [sc. the French oyster] has been almost completely ousted in the more southern beds by the Portuguese oyster. 1960C. M. Yonge Oysters ix. 166 Some Portuguese oysters are ready for sale when only two years old. 1964E. Clark Oysters of Locmariaquer i. 4 The Portuguese oyster.. has been gradually moving farther north. 1976N. Roberts Face of France xiii. 139 The oysters of Arcachon..turn up as starters to the most modest meal, whether..the delicately flavoured ‘flats’ or the plumper but more commonplace Portuguese.
1897‘F. B. Williams’ On Many Seas 388 Of all the jabbering and wrangling and shouting to one another that I ever heard, that was the worst. It was like what sailors call a Portuguese Parliament. 1898H. E. A. Coate Realities of Sea Life 133 They [sc. wild monkeys] could only be compared with the ‘members of a Portuguese Parliament’, where, according to Jack's idea, they are ‘all talkers and no listeners’. 1962Granville Dict. Sailors' Slang 90/2 Portuguese parliament, rowdy discussion in which everybody talks and nobody listens.
B. n.
1. A native of Portugal. [The plural Portugueses (-guezes) was used during 17th c.: since it became obs. Portuguese has been sing. and pl.; in modern times a sing. Portug(u)ee has arisen: see Portugee. Cf. Chinese, etc.]
1622T. Robinson Anat. Eng. Nunnery 27 Diuers Portugeses our neighbours. 1694W. Wotton Anc. & Mod. Learn. (1697) 269 The Portuguezes, who first made daring Voyages, by the Help of the Compass, into the Southern and South-Eastern Seas. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 38 There being..of English and Portuguez 700. 1783Watson Philip III (1839) 133 The affairs of the Portuguese in India were more than ever neglected by the government at home.
2. The Portuguese language.
1615T. Roe Jrnl. 21 July in Embassy to Court of Gt. Mogul (1899) I. 19 The Enterpreters were certaine Magadoxians, that spake Arabique and broken Portuguese. 1617Minsheu Ductor (title-p.), In these eleuen Languages..8. Portuguez. 1653H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. v. 12 A Breichman that spake very good Portugueze. 1840H. Malcom Trav. 35/1 These are adopted by one from the English, another from the Arabic, another from the Greek, and another from the Portuguese. 1882W. W. Skeat Etym. Dict. Eng. Lang. p. xviii, The other Romance languages..are Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Provençal, Romansch, and Wallachian. 1933L. Bloomfield Language xxvi. 474 The descendants of runaway slaves who settled on the island of San Thomé off the coast of West Africa, spoke a creolized Portuguese. 1950J. H. Steward Handbk. S. Amer. Indians VI. 168 It has been estimated that 15 percent of the vocabulary of Brazilian Portuguese is of Tupí origin. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XV. 1031/2 Portuguese owes its importance largely to its position as the language of Brazil. 1980G. Greene Dr. Fischer viii. 47 Two letters in Portuguese were sent me to translate, although I knew no Portuguese.
†3. = portague, the gold coin. Obs.
1586J. Hooker Hist. Irel. in Holinshed II. 98/1 Storing him..with seuen score porteguses. a1631Donne Lett. (1651) 86 He may cast up a greater summe who hath but forty small monies, then he with twenty Portuguesses. a1668Davenant News fr. Plymouth Wks. (1673) 2 Each with a bag of Porteguez under His left arme.
†4. ? A kind of snuff. Obs.
1708Prior Mice 84 After some thought, some Portuguese, Some wine.
Hence Portuˈguese v. trans., to make Portuguese, to assimilate to the Portuguese.
1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 157 The Mass of the People are..Portuguezed in Speech and Manners. |