| 释义 |
populism|ˈpɒpjʊlɪz(ə)m|
[f. as next + -ism.]
a. The political doctrine or principle of the Populists. Also transf.
1893Goldw. Smith in 19th Cent. July 139 The politicians have been compelled in some degree to pander to Populism. 1896Sat. Rev. 9 May 468 Populism being, in fact, pretty much a resurrection of Greenbackism under another form and name. 1896Daily News 3 Nov. 2/4 The central idea of Populism is a concentrated paternalism. 1960Encounter July 13 Russian Populism is the name..of a widespread radical movement in Russia in the middle of the 19th century. 1969[see populistic a.]. 1972Time 17 Apr. 31/1 Populism is a label that covers disparate policies and passions: among many others, New Deal reforms, consumer rage against business, ethnic belligerence. Often it is merely a catch phrase. Yet it describes something real: the politics of the little guy against the big guy—the classic struggle of the haves against the have-nots or the have-not-enoughs. 1973Black Panther 21 July 3/2 The result was the defeat of western Populism and the further entrenchment of racism. 1976T. Eagleton Crit. & Ideology v. 166 Populism and theoreticism, in aesthetics as in politics, are familiar deformations of Marxist-Leninism. 1977Time 3 Jan. 7/1 His creed combines traditionally antithetical elements of help-the-deprived populism and deny-thyself fiscal conservatism.
b. The theories and practices of the populist movement in French literature.
[1929L. Lemonnier in Revue Mondiale 1 Oct. 281 (title) Du naturalisme au populisme.] 1930― in This Quarter Mar. 440 (title) Populism. Ibid. 443 At last, we hit upon the word ‘populism’. It clearly expressed the fact that we meant to depict the people; it was not altogether a new word in French, inasmuch as it had been used to translate the name of the German political party Volkspartei, but it had never as yet been applied to any artistic, political or literary movement specifically French. Having then dubbed ourselves populists, we decided to write a manifesto. 1931French Rev. IV. 473 Since the opening of the twentieth century, only three schools have counted [in French literature], unanimism, between 1908 and 1911, surrealism, about 1924, and populism in 1929. 1932Ibid. V. 389 Populism is the antonym of ‘snobisme’. 1934F. Walter tr. Lemonnier's Populisme in PMLA Mar. 356 Populism is a reaction founded on the realistic tradition and directed against the literature of analysis. 1934N. & Q. 26 May 361/1 The beginnings of Populism, adumbrated somewhat obscurely in 1924, came out into shape in 1929 under the initiative of M. André Thérive and M. Léon Lemonnier. Ibid. 361/2 In Thérive's ‘Le Baiser de Satan,’ Populism has attempted what Naturalism shied from the historical novel. |