| 释义 |
polysynthetic, a.|ˌpɒlɪsɪnˈθɛtɪk|
[f. Gr. πολυσύνθετος much compounded; of clauses, united by many particles: see poly- and synthetic.]
Of the nature of or characterized by polysynthesis; combining numerous elements; complex. spec.
1. Cryst. Applied to a compound crystal consisting of a series of twin crystals united so as to form a laminated structure. Also applied to twinning of this kind.
1805–17R. Jameson Char. Min. (ed. 3) 207 When the form is very complicated, as in the polysynthetic tourmaline. 1879Rutley Stud. Rocks x. 109 In such polysynthetic crystals the twinning planes lie in four directions. 1944Amer. Mineralogist XXIX. 199 Under the microscope, hydrotungstite is seen to occur as tiny green plate⁓like crystals which show polysynthetic twinning.
2. Philol. Characterized by combining several words of a sentence (as a verb and its object or complement) into one word: = incorporating ppl. a. c, encapsulating ppl. a.
1816P. S. Duponceau Let. 30 Aug. in Trans. Hist. & Lit. Comm. Amer. Philos. Soc. (1819) I. 430 Crantz and Egede prove in the most incontrovertible manner that the language of Greenland is formed on the same syntactic or polysynthetic model. 1821Southey Lett. (1856) III. 271 The polysynthetic, to which the various languages of the American tribes belong. 1869Farrar Fam. Speech iv. (1873) 132 Its structure is polysynthetic. 1889Mivart Orig. Hum. Reason 231 Mr. Romanes describes..the Isolating, Polysynthetic, Agglutinative, Inflectional and Analytic forms of language. 1977Language LIII. 10 Particularly interesting would be a polysynthetic language with many layers of morphology built into a single word.
Hence polysynˈthetical a. (rare—0) in same sense; polysynˈthetically adv.; polysynˈtheticism |-sɪz(ə)m|, polyˈsynthetism, polysynthetic character or condition; polyˈsynthetize v. intr., to use polysynthesis, exhibit a polysynthetic character.
1846Worcester, Polysynthetic, *Polysynthetical, forming a manifold compound or composition.
1880Athenæum 9 Oct. 459/2, ‘I strike him with a sword to kill him’ is another thought. Must all this be expressed *polysynthetically? 1903Amer. Geologist XXXII. 67 Within it are small, triclinic, polysynthetically twinned feldspars which are rather vaguely crystallized. 1968I. Kostov Mineral. 394 The crystals are almost invariably polysynthetically twinned.
1862R. G. Latham Elem. Compar. Philol. lxv. 520 There is *polysyntheticism to a certain degree—though much of it is of the grammarian's making.
1860Farrar Orig. Lang. 172 Agglutination or *Polysynthetism is the name which has been invented for the complex condition of early language, when words follow each other in a sort of idyllic and laissez-aller carelessness, and the whole sentence, or even the whole discourse, is conjugated or declined as though it were a single word, every subordinate clause being inserted in the main one by a species of incapsulation. 1875Whitney Life Lang. xii. 262 All sign of polysynthetism has been denied to the great Tupi-Guarani stock.
1874Sayce Compar. Philol. ii. 93 The *polysynthetising languages of North America, where the idea of time or mode is altogether absent from the verb. |