| 释义 |
▪ I. polychrome, a. and n.|ˈpɒlɪkrəʊm|
Also 9 (as n.) polychrom.
[a. F. polychrome, ad. Gr. πολύχρωµος many-coloured, f. πολυ-, poly- + χρῶµα colour.]
A. adj.
1. Many-coloured, polychromatic; esp. painted, decorated, or printed in many colours. Also fig.
1837Civil Eng & Arch. Jrnl. I. 72/2, I have already had occasion to construct a great polychrome edifice, a post⁓office. 1850J. Leitch tr. C. O. Müller's Anc. Art §414 (ed. 2) 576 The probably Lucanian vase, found in Magna Grecia, is polychrome. 1884Harper's Mag. May 834/2 Old pieces of faïence and polychrome ornaments. 1898(title) The Polychrome Bible. Edited by Paul Haupt. 1898Westm. Gaz. 20 July 8/1 A Chantilly lace shawl,..wrought of polychrome threads like Venetian embroidery instead of being in one colour only. 1959[see Debussyan a. and n.]. 1962I. Murdoch Unofficial Rose vii. 75 Her polychrome being fell into an authoritative pattern which proclaimed her free.
2. Biol. Of a stain or dye: containing quantities of a number of derivatives which differ in colours from the parent compound; esp. in polychrome methylene blue.
1895G. W. Cale tr. P. G. Unna in St. Louis Med. & Surg. Jrnl. July 30 All that is necessary is to decolorize with a concentrated tannin solution the sections overstained with my polychrome-methyl-blue solution. 1896Ibid. Feb. 83 This secondary effect of the polychrome methylene blue solution proves its value because it made the differential diagnosis of mast-cells (red) and plasma cells (blue) a very easy matter. 1909Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 7 Oct. 494/1 Widal, Abrami and Brulé recommend the use of polychrome blue of Unna 1:10. 1925H. J. Conn Biol. Stains v. 47 The polychrome properties just mentioned are likely to develop in a methylene blue solution upon standing. Anyone who has had much experience with the stain is familiar with the occasional green tones from methylene green, the reddish shades of methylene azure..and methylene violet. Such a solution is known as ‘polychrome methylene blue’. 1960E. Gurr Encycl. Microsc. Stains 415 Wright's stain..is prepared by neutralising polychrome methylene blue with eosin. 1960Jacobs & Gerstein Handbk. Microbiol. 248/2 Jenner's Stain, a polychrome stain prepared by mixing 0·5 per cent eosin in methyl alcohol with 0·5 per cent methylene blue in methyl alcohol in the ratio 5:4.
B. n.
1. A work of art executed or decorated in several colours; spec. a coloured statue.
1801Fuseli in Lect. Paint. i. (1848) 351 The superinduction of different colours, or the invention of the polychrom. 1803Edin. Rev. II. 462 We should be glad to hear no more of..polychroms. 1959[see bichrome a. and n.2]. 1972Trans. Oriental Ceramic Soc. XXXVIII. 41 It was difficult, apart from the fine Ch‘êng-hua tou-ts‘ai, to discover really good pieces of the more usual polychromes.
2. A collection or association of many colours; varied colouring. Also fig.
1870C. Schreiber Jrnl. (1911) I. 101 He had procured for us..a dish with house in blue,..and a larger one with pastoral subjects in polychrome. 1882Macm. Mag. Feb. 326 Having abandoned ourselves to the perfume, the polychrome,..the penetrative music of his art. 1889Gladstone in 19th Cent. XXV. 155 A side of human nature that..was also necessary for the completion of the rich polychrome exhibited by a man in whom exacting business and overwhelming care never arrested..the lively..play of the affections.
3. Chem. A name for æsculin, from the fluorescence of its solution and infusion.
1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 96 [Raab's] name of schillerstoff..was by Martius of Erlangen translated into bicolorin, and by Kastner into polychrome. 1857Miller Elem. Chem. III. 513.
4. Med. A polychromatophil erythrocyte or normoblast.
1909Boston Med. & Surg. Jrnl. 7 Oct. 495/1 The blood showed 6% of reticulated forms, with ·4% of polychromes. 1933Lancet 3 June 1173/1 Hawes..hazarded the suggestion that the stippled cell was merely a variant of the polychrome.
▪ II. polychrome, v. Biol.|ˈpɒlɪkrəʊm|
[f. prec.]
To convert (a stain or dye) to a polychrome form (sense A. 2). Hence ˈpolychroming vbl. n.
1925H. J. Conn et al. Biol. Stains v. 48 Methylene blue should be partly polychromed in order to have its best staining powers. 1958J. R. Baker Princ. Biol. Microtechnique xiv. 268 It was his [sc. G. Giemsa's] purpose to avoid methylene blue that had been polychromed at random, and to use instead known quantities of known dyes. Ibid. 271 No dye that does not arise spontaneously in the polychroming of methylene blue has any special virtue in Romanowsky dyeing. 1963M. J. Lynch et al. Med. Lab. Technol. xiii. 256/1 The methylene blue is polychromed by heating with sodium bicarbonate. Ibid. xxxv. 630/2 The polychroming involves the oxidation of the methylene blue so that methyl groups are lost and formaldehyde gas is given off. |