| 释义 |
▪ I. dispute, v.|dɪˈspjuːt|
Forms: 3–6 despute, 4 despuite, despout, dispite, 4–5 dispoyte, dispuit(e, 4–6 dyspute, 6 dysspote, 4– dispute.
[ME. des-, dispute, a. OF. despute-r (12th c. in Littré), mod.F. disputer (= Pr. desputar, Sp. disputar, It. disputare), ad. L. disputāre to compute, estimate, investigate, treat of, discuss, in Vulg. to dispute, contend in words; f. dis- 1 + putāre to compute, reckon, consider.]
I. intransitive.
1. To contend with opposing arguments or assertions; to debate or discourse argumentatively; to discuss, argue, hold disputation; often, to debate in a vehement manner or with altercation about something.
a1225[See disputing vbl. n.].
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 94/72 For-to desputi a-ȝein a ȝong womman. c1374Chaucer Boeth. v. metr. iv. 166 Þe porche..of þe toune of athenis þer as philosophres hadde hir congregacioun to dispoyten. c1400Apol. Loll. Introd. 15 As if two persones dispitiden to gidre. 1551T. Wilson Logike (1567) 1 a, note, Fower questions necessarie to bee made of any matter, before we despute. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. v. i. 69 Thou disputes like an Infant: goe whip thy Gigge. 1660Jer. Taylor Worthy Commun. Introd. 10 My purpose is not to dispute but to persuade. 1766Fordyce Serm. Yng. Wom. (1767) II. xi. 158 Be it your ambition to practise, not to dispute. 1845S. Austin Ranke's Hist. Ref. I. 445 He..took long journeys,—for example, to Vienna and Bologna,—expressly to dispute there.
b. Const. about, † against, † of, on, upon a subject; with, against an opponent.
a1250[See disputing vbl. n.]. c1290[See 1 above].
c1300Cursor M. 8970 (Cott.) Quen þat þis sibele and þe kyng Disputed had o mani thing. c1300Ibid. 19739 (Edin.) Paul..faste disputid wiþ þe griues. c1305Edmund Conf. 255 in E.E.P. (1862) 77 As þis holi man in diuinite Desputede, as hit was his wone, of þe trinite. a1420Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 379 Of our feithe wole I not dispute at alle. 1539Bible (Great) Acts ix. 29 He spake and disputed agaynst the Grekes. 1597Shakes. Rom. & Jul. iii. iii. 63 (Qo. 1) Let me dispute with thee of thy estate. 1604― Oth. i. ii. 75 Ile haue't disputed on. 1631Star Chamb. Cases (Camden) 58 My Lord Keeper tould him it was noe tyme to dispute with the sentence, but to obey. 1648Symmons Vind. Chas. I, 7 A Bill was proferred and disputed upon concerning a Fleet. 1655Stanley Hist. Philos. iii. (1701) 77/1 Whosoever disputed with him of what subject soever. 1775Johnson Let. to Mrs. Thrale 20 May, I dined in a large company..yesterday, and disputed against toleration with one Doctor Meyer. 1847Emerson Repr. Men, Napoleon Wks. (Bohn) I. 378 The Emperor told Josephine that he disputed like a devil on these two points.
†2. To contend otherwise than with arguments (e.g. with arms); to strive, struggle. Obs.
1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 131 He lost yet three Regiments more; whereby he was taught..that he must dispute lustily, to get any advantage upon him. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xxix, Simon felt a momentary terror, lest he should have to dispute for his life with the youth.
II. transitive.
3. To discuss, debate, or argue (a question).
a. with subord. clause.
(Originally intr., the clause being a kind of cognate object, specifying the matter in dispute (cf. ‘I dreamed that I saw’, etc.); but at length trans., and so pass. in quots. 1736, 1850.)
1340Ayenb. 79 Þe yealde filozofes þet zuo byzylyche desputede and zoȝten huet wes þe heȝeste guod ine þise lyue. 1382Wyclif Mark ix. 34 Thei disputiden among hem in the weie, who of hem schulde be more. 1538Starkey England i. ii. 54 To dyspute wych of thys rulys ys best..me semyth superfluouse. 1691Ray Creation i. (1704) 70, I will not dispute what Gravity is. 1736Butler Anal. ii. i. Wks. 1874 I. 155 It may possibly be disputed, how far miracles can prove natural Religion. 1833H. Martineau Briery Creek iv. 86 How long will the two parties go on disputing whether luxury be a virtue or a crime? 1850McCosh Div. Govt. iii. i. (1874) 331 It has often been disputed whether virtue has its seat among the faculties or the feelings.
b. with simple object (orig. representing or equivalent to a clause).
1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 775 He sayde to her..that he would no more dispute the matter. 1526–34Tindale Mark ix. 33 What was it that ye disputed bytwene you by the waye? 1568Grafton Chron. II. 553 Many doubts were moved and disputed. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 411 Can he speake? heare? Know man from man? Dispute his owne estate? 1667Milton P.L. v. 822 Shalt thou dispute With him the points of libertie, who made Thee what thou art? 1820Scott Abbot xxxvii, We may dispute it upon the road.
†4. To maintain, uphold, or defend (an assertion, cause, etc.) by argument or disputation; to argue or contend (that something is so). ? Obs.
1610Bp. Carleton Jurisd. Pref., I haue disputed the Kings right with a good conscience, from the rules of Gods word. 1668Culpepper & Cole Barthol. Anat. i. i. 3 The vapor growing into the like nature..as Casserus rightly disputes. 1713Swift Cadenus & Vanessa 344 And these, she offer'd to dispute, Alone distinguish'd man from brute.
5. To argue against, contest, controvert.
a. To call in question or contest the validity or accuracy of a statement, etc., or the existence of a thing. The opposite of to maintain or defend.
1513More in Grafton Chron. (1568) II. 811 Sith he is nowe king..I purpose not to dispute his title. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxix. 168 Men are disposed to..dispute the commands of the Commonwealth. 1701De Foe True-born Eng. Pref., As to Vices, who can dispute our Intemperance? 1770Junius Lett. xxxvii. 182 The truth of these declarations..cannot decently be disputed. 1783Cowper Alex. Selkirk i, I am monarch of all I survey, My right there is none to dispute. 1824J. S. Mill in Westm. Rev. I. 535 No one..will dispute to Johnson the title of an admirer of Shakspeare. 1885Fox in Law Rep. 15 Q. Bench Div. 173 A bill of sale..the validity of which is disputed by the trustee.
b. To controvert (a person).
1658–9Burton's Diary (1828) III. 114 To dispute him here, is to question foundations. 1687? H. More Death's Vis. viii. note 32 (1713) 33 He would Dispute the Devil upon that Question. 1845T. W. Coit Puritanism 280 Belknap could dispute Hutchinson about the quarrelsomeness of the Puritans in Holland.
6. To encounter, oppose, contest, strive against, resist (an action, etc.).
1605Shakes. Macb. iv. iii. 219 Dispute it like a man. 1720Independent Whig (1728) No. 36. 320 [He] shall find no Mercy, if he disputes to bend to their Usurpations. 1737Col. Rec. Pennsyl. IV. 251 Threatening to shoot the said Lowdon if he disputed doing what was required of him. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. xii. 265 They..seemed resolved to dispute his landing. 1884L'pool Mercury 3 Mar. 5/2 The Soudanese..chose Teb..as the ground upon which to dispute the advance of the British troops on Tokar.
7. To contend or compete for the possession of; to contest a prize, victory, etc.
1654Ld. Orrery Parthen. (1676) 575 If Parthenissa had been a spectator, she must have confest her self too well disputed. 1705W. Bosman Guinea 14 The English..several times disputed the Ground with the Brandenburghers. 1734tr. Rollin's Anc. Hist. (1827) I. Pref. 41 The poets disputed the prize of poetry. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. III. lxi. 328 The battle of Warsaw..had been obstinately disputed during the space of three days. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. (1876) IV. xvii. 47 We..wonder..that every inch of ground was not disputed in arms.
III. 8. To move or influence by disputation; to argue into or out of something.[Immediately from the intrans. sense 1; cf. ‘to talk any one into’ or ‘out of’.] 1647Jer. Taylor Lib. Proph. Ep. Ded. 3 It would not be very hard to dispute such men into mercies and compliances. 1652Needham Selden's Mare Cl. Ep. Ded. 5 To assert his own Interest and dispute them into a reasonable submission. 1695Preserv. Protest. Relig. Motive of Revolution 12 The Roman Catholics would have disputed us out of our Religion. a1732Atterbury Luke xvi. 31 (Seager) One reason why a man is capable of being disputed out of the truth.
▪ II. dispute, n.|dɪˈspjuːt|
[f. the vb.; = F. dispute, It., Sp., Pg. disputa.]
1. The act of disputing or arguing against; active verbal contention, controversy, debate.
(In first quot. almost certainly the verb. infin.)
[a1300Cursor M. 20793 (Cott.) Disput, he [St. Jerome] sais, es na mister. ]1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. (ed. 2) 74 Without more dispute or delay [he] commands them all to execution. 1655Stanley Hist. Philos. iii. (1701) 91/2 He was visited by his Friend, with whom he past the time in dispute after his usual manner. 1746Wesley Princ. Methodist 8 That once was in the Heat of Dispute. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. (1858) I. i. 14 It is a common matter of dispute whether landed estates should be large or small. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 31 We may make a few admissions which will narrow the field of dispute.
b. Phr. in dispute: that is disputed, debated, in controversy. beyond, out of, past, without dispute: past controversy, unquestionably, indisputably.
1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 232 The Kingdom of Bohemia was..put out of dispute with Silesia, and Moravia. 1682Dryden MacFlecknoe 5 Flecknoe..In prose and verse was owned without dispute Through all the realms of Nonsense absolute. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 405 A thing beyond dispute. a1704Locke (J.), To bring as a proof an hypothesis which is the very thing in dispute. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 152 We, who could without Dispute sail much better. 1781Cowper Truth 106 Which is the saintlier worthy of the two? ‘Past all dispute, yon anchorite’, say you. 1818Jas. Mill Brit. India II. iv. vii. 263 The..necessity of such a fund..was pronounced to be without dispute. 1825Macaulay Ess., Milton (1854) I. 17/1 To call a free parliament and to submit to its decision all the matters in dispute.
2. An occasion or instance of the same; an argumentative contention or debate, a controversy; also, in weakened sense, a difference of opinion; freq. with the added notion of vehemence, a heated contention, a quarrel.
1611Cotgr., Dispute, a dispute, difference, debate, altercation. 1638Prynne Briefe Relat. 19 If I may be admitted a faire dispute, on faire termes..I will maintaine..the challenge against all the Prelates. 1696tr. Du Mont's Voy. Levant 17 Being engag'd in a pretty warm dispute with some Officers. 1776Trial of Nundocomar 96/1 There was a dispute between Bollakey Doss's widow and Pudmohun Doss. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 310 Disputes arose between [them] respecting the validity of this will. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. III. xvii, Disputes engender disputes. Mod. The dispute in the trade will, it is hoped, be settled without a strike.
†b. An oral or written discussion of a subject in which arguments for and against are set forth and examined. Obs.
1608Hieron Defence iii. 165 Thus..am I come to an end of this dispute. 1655Stanley Hist. Philos. iii. (1701) 120/1 He was the first that committed the disputes of Socrates his Master to writing. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. i. §22. 21 His Lectures and Disputes concerning the Immortality of the Soul. 1725tr. Dupin's Eccl. Hist. 17th C. I. v. 65 The Name also of Dispute was given to Sermons. 1831Brewster Newton (1855) II. xv. 62 Trying to engage him in philosophical disputes.
†c. A logical argument. Obs. rare.
1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. iii. xi. §10 These are but weake and feeble disputes for the inference of that conclusion. Ibid. iii. xi. §18, I might have added..their more familiar and popular disputes.
†3. Strife, contest; a fight or struggle. Obs.
1647–8Sir C. Cotterell Davila's Hist. Fr. (1678) 25 They were taken prisoners without much dispute. 1659B. Harris Parival's Iron Age 282 After four houres dispute, the Dutch endeavoured to get away. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 123 He who in debate of Truth hath won, Should win in Arms, in both disputes alike Victor. 1709Lond. Gaz. No. 4540/5 The Bristol had a very warm Dispute with the aforesaid 2 Ships of the Enemy. a1745Swift Stephen in Lett. (1768) IV. 297 The Scots..were..after a sharp dispute, entirely defeated.
4. attrib., as dispute benefit, dispute pay, pay to members of a trades' union while on strike or locked out.
1892Star 1 Mar. 3/3 They have been receiving dispute pay from their union. 1895Daily News 19 Aug. 5/2 Three-quarters of a million on dispute benefits, half a million on out-of-work benefits. |