| 释义 |
▪ I. pod, n.1|pɒd|
[Origin obscure: it does not seem to be connected with the later word pod n.2]
1. The earlier form of pad n.3 8: the socket of a brace in which the end of the bit is inserted.
1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 36 Strong exeltred cart, that is clouted and shod, Cart ladder and wimble, with percer and pod. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 254 The lower part of the other limb of the stock is of brass, which is fixed by means of a screw passing through two ears of the brass part, and through the solid of the wood. This brass part is called the pod, and is furnished with a mortise, in the form of a square pyramid, for receiving different pieces of steel, which are secured by means of a spring in the pod. Ibid., Bits are those pieces of steel which are inserted in the pod.
b. ‘The straight channel or groove in the body of certain forms of augers and boring-bits’.
1890in Cent. Dict.
2. Comb. pod-bit: see quot.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., Pod-bit, a boring-tool adapted to be used in a brace. It has a semicylindrical form, a hollow barrel, and at its end is a cutting lip which projects in advance of the barrel.
▪ II. pod, n.2|pɒd|
[A comparatively recent word, first found with its compounds and derivatives late in 17th c. Origin unknown.
Pod and podder appear first c 1680, the latter being known earlier than the former; podware occurs 1584, but in origin is not certainly a compound of pod. The earlier word for pod was cod, spec. in pease-cod; in 1681 podders were explained as ‘pease-cod gatherers about London’.]
1. a. A seed-vessel of a long form, usually dry and dehiscent; properly of leguminous and cruciferous plants; a legume or siliqua; but often extended to other long fruits.
1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 85/1 The pod, or berry; is the first knitting of fruit, when the Flower is fallen off. 1706Phillips, Pod, the Husk of any Pulse. 1731–3Miller Gard. Dict. s.v. Pisum, Causing their Leaves to flag, and their Blossoms to fall off without producing Pods. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. i. vi. (1765) 13 Siliqua, a Pod, is a Pericarpium of two Valves. 1764Grainger Sugar Cane i. 604 note, The pods [of the cacao]..seldom contain less than thirty nuts of the size of a flatted olive. 1785Martyn Rousseau's Bot. iii. (1794) 38 You will understand this distinction..if you open the pod of a pea and of a stock at the same time. 1807J. Barlow Columb. ii. 501 From opening pods unbinds the fleecy store. 1833R. Walker Flora Oxfordsh. 210 The singular figure of the pods of the Horse⁓shoe vetch must strike the most casual observer. 1866Treas. Bot., Pod, the capsule or seed-case of leguminous and cruciferous plants, those of the former being called legumes, and those of the latter siliques, and silicules. 1882Mrs. J. H. Riddell Daisies & B. I. 114 Where the broad-beans are now in pod. 1904Speaker 23 Apr. 90/1 He gained a copper to buy some pods of red pepper to season the coarse bread. 1905Ibid. 30 Dec. 322/1 These poems are as like as peas in a pod.
b. Colloq. phr. in pod: pregnant; also fig.
1890Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang II. 141/2 Pod, in, in the family way. 1922Joyce Ulysses 385 Costello..would sing a bawdy catch..about a wench that was put in pod of a jolly swashbuckler. 1935L. Durrell Spirit of Place (1969) 33, I am in pod again and am pupping a novel. 1958P. Mortimer Daddy's gone a-Hunting xi. 60, I married you because you were in pod. 1968M. Bragg Without City Wall xxvii. 245 Your working-class lad is still a bit worried if he gets his girl in pod. 1972‘R. Gordon’ Doctor on Brain xxvi. 190 But why didn't Josephine just tell you she suspected she was in pod? 1976J. McNeish Glass Zoo ii. xvi. 179 It wasn't Leonard who got Marsh's sister in pod.
c. slang. Marijuana. Cf. pot n.5
1952[see jive n. 4]. 1952[see joint n. 14 c]. 1955Amer. Speech XXX. 304, ‘I got no eyes for turning on with pod’ (I have absolutely no use for smoking marijuana). 1959W. Burroughs Naked Lunch 8 A square wants to come on hip... Talks about ‘pod’, and smokes it now and then. 1979High Times Mar. 19/1 Pod. Say it aloud. It's so much better than ‘pot’. A marijuana mantra. Ibid., Pod suggests seeds, buds, pollen, odors, all the multi⁓dimensional sensual life of the fine plant, while pot ought to remain a word for a thing you plant pod in.
2. transf.
a. The cocoon of the silk-worm.
b. The case or envelope of the eggs of a locust.
1753Hanway Trav. (1762) I. v. lxiii. 291 The size which we usually most esteem, is wound off sixteen or eighteen pods or cocoons. 1880Times 10 Nov. 4/6 The cases or ‘pods’ (as they are called from their shape) of locusts' eggs. 1884J. G. Wood in Sunday Mag. May 307/1 When these [locusts'] eggs are laid, they are enclosed in a horny envelope called a ‘pod’, each pod containing thirty-five eggs.
3. A large protuberant abdomen. dial.
a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Pod, a fat protuberant belly. 1888Berkshire Gloss., Pod, a large stomach.
4. A purse-net with a narrow neck for catching eels. Also pod-net.
1882Blackw. Mag. Jan. 103 The pods are hauled into the boat and detached from the main net and their contents emptied into a tub. 1883G. C. Davies Norfolk Broads xxxii. (1884) 246 The eels passing down the river make their way into the long ‘pods’ through the narrow necks or apertures of the stops, and cannot find their way back. 1892Longman's Mag. Nov. 88 In this long wall of net are three or four openings, to which purse-nets, about eighteen feet long, stretched on hoops..are attached, the far ends being closed. These ‘pods’ as they are called, are extended down stream and attached to stakes in the river bottom, their positions being marked by floats. 1893J. Watson Conf. Poacher 99 The method of working the pod-net is the same in principle.
†5. The blade of a cricket-bat. Obs.
1833J. Nyren Yng. Cricketer's Tutor 111 When the practice of bowling length balls was introduced..it became absolutely necessary to change the form of the bat... It was therefore made straight in the pod. 1850‘Bat’ Crick. Man. 31 Instead..of the curved form of the pod, it was made straight. c1862Handbk. Cricket (Rtldg.) 11 The regulation size of the bat is thirty-eight inches in length, of which twenty-one inches are taken up by the pod, or, according to the more modern term, the blade.
6. Geol. A body of ore or rock whose length greatly exceeds its other dimensions.
1942T. P. Thayer in Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 935. 23 Chromite deposits of the sack-form variety are notable for their variation in size and shape... The majority..might be termed lenses or pods, as their length greatly exceeds their width. 1969Bennison & Wright Geol. Hist. Brit. Isles iii. 42 They occur as isolated pods distributed very widely through the Scourian granulites and their Inverian derivatives. 1977Bulletin (Sydney) 22 Jan. 69/3 The Darling Range deposits grade only between 28 and 36 percent aluminium oxide. Also, they occur in pods, instead of more or less continuous orebodies.
7. An elongated, streamlined compartment attached to an aircraft and containing an engine, fuel tanks, or the like; a detachable compartment in a spacecraft; also, any protruding or detachable casing on or in a craft or vehicle.
1950J. V. Casamassa Jet Aircraft Power Systems 318 Jet pods are mounted beneath the wings. 1951Engineering 6 July 8/2 One of the reasons for mounting jet engines on ‘pods’..was because it was impossible to bury the engines in thin wings. 1955Pohl & Kornbluth Space Merchants ii. 23 The cargo pod of the 'copter hit the concrete a yard from where we stood. 1963New Scientist 9 May 320/3 Rides are being ‘hitch-hiked’ on Atlas rockets for pods of space instruments. 1965Guardian 25 Aug. 9/2 They [sc. two astronauts] had ejected the radar evaluation pod, a 76 lb. satellite. 1967Jane's Surface Skimmer Systems 1967–68 91/2 Power is transmitted through a mechanical right-angle drive transmission to a propeller at the aft end of a strut and pod assembly. 1973Sci. Amer. Aug. 13/1 A rotating radome, or radar pod, is mounted on two struts above the rear section of the fuselage. 1976Good Motoring May 21/2 A particularly quiet car, allowing most of the sound from speakers front and rear to be appreciated. Three pairs fitted at the rear offer a choice from large flush, small flush or pods. 1977W. Marshall Thin Air xi. 148 The fuel from the main tanks ran out and was replaced a moment later by the Kerosene from the secondary pods.
8. attrib. and Comb., as pod-flower, pod-seed; (sense 1 c) pod smoke, pod-smoker; pod-bearing, pod-like, pod-shaped adjs.; pod corn, a variety of maize, Zea mays var. tunicata, in which each kernel, as well as the whole ear, is enclosed in a husk; pod-fern, a name of Ceratopteris thalictroides, a peculiar tropical aquatic fern, the fertile fronds of which are divided into linear and somewhat siliquose segments; pod-lover, collector's name of a noctuid moth, Dianthœcia capsophila; pod maize = pod corn; pod-pepper, a common name for capsicum; pod-shell, an American kind of razor-shell, Pharus; pod-shrimp, an entomostracan having the carapace hinged lengthwise upon its back, so as to close like a bivalve shell.
1878J. R. Lumby in Queen's Printers' Bible-Aids Gloss. s.v. Pulse, ‘Pulse’ in 2 Sam. xvii. 28 means *pod-bearing plants, such as beans, pease, or lentils.
1893Science 17 Nov. 268/1 The kernel of the *pod corn does not present structural differences markedly unlike that of the flint corn..but this type differs from all others in that each kernel has a husk of its own..; hence the name pod corn. 1923Wallace & Bressmann Corn & Corn Growing xxvi. 147 Pod corn—each kernel enclosed by a husk as well as the entire ear. 1957E. Hyams Speaking Garden viii. 106 There occurs as a kind of aberration among maize a plant called pod-corn. 1976R. W. Jugenheimer Corn iii. 41 Podcorn is not being grown commercially.
1776Mickle tr. Camoens' Lusiad 386 Yellow *pod-flowers every slope adorn.
1697Phil. Trans. XIX. 396 Plants of a strange Nature, bearing *pod-like Fruit. 1776Withering Brit. Plants (1796) I. 260 A very long pod-like capsule.
1904T. F. Hunt Cereals in Amer. x. 164 *Pod maize is rarely grown. 1914J. Burtt-Davy Maize iv. 103 In ‘pod maize’..the glumes are large, completely enclosing the ovary and persisting around the ripe grain.
1866Rogers Agric. & Prices I. iii. 51 The cheapest corn year is the dearest for *pod-seed.
1830Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 20 Fruit..*pod-shaped and dehiscent.
1877Encycl. Brit. VI. 663/2 Nebalia..seems but the puny and degenerate representative of the once giant *pod-shrimps of Silurian times.
1979High Times Mar. 19/1 The culture that made it possible for jazz musicians to turn sweet *pod smoke into sweet soul sounds. Ibid., Early jazz-musician *pod smokers.
Add:[7.] b. transf. Any more or less enclosed unit containing components associated with a particular function (as control, etc.), forming a usu. detachable or separate part of a larger system. Freq. with qualifying word. Cf. module n. 4 d.
1972L. M. Harris Introd. Deepwater Floating Drilling Operations xi. 121 The control pod serves as a lower terminal for the hose bundle and houses the critical moving parts of the subsea hydraulic-control system. 1977Sci. Amer. July 106/2 (Advt.), The HP 3820 costs $17,750 including rechargeable battery pod, leveling base, and carrying case. 1987Electronics & Wireless World Jan. 86/4 Plug-in pods for the emulation of 68000/68010 and 68008 processors are available for the Position SDT (symbolic debugging tool).
▪ III. † pod, n.3 Obs.
[Origin obscure. Cf. early mod.Fris. pudde ‘mustela piscis’ (Kilian).]
A young jack or pike (fish).
1587Harrison England iii. iii. (1878) ii. 18 The pike as he ageth, receiueth diuerse names, as from a frie to a gilthed, from a gilthed to a pod, from a pod to a iacke, from a iacke to a pickerell, from a pickerell to a pike, and last of all to a luce.
▪ IV. pod, n.4 orig. U.S.
[Origin unknown.]
A small herd or ‘school’ of seals or whales, or sometimes of other animals; a small flock of birds.
1832D. Webster Let. to White 14 Sept. in Priv. Corr. (1857) I. 526 We saw several small pods of coots go by. 1840F. D. Bennett Whaling Voy. II. 171 The Sperm Whale is gregarious; and usually occurs in parties, which are termed by whalers ‘schools’ and ‘pods’. 1897Speaker 16 Jan. 68/2 The ‘bachelors’ [seals] are driven into pods. 1898F. T. Bullen Cruise Cachalot v. 36 Small pod o cows [whales], an one 'r two bulls layin' off to west'ard of 'em.
▪ V. pod, v.1|pɒd|
[f. pod n.2]
1. intr. To bear or produce pods.
1734Curteis in Phil. Trans. XXXVIII. 273, I planted six Beans in a Pot,..they bloom'd as freely as those which are planted in the Ground, but did not pod so well, having not above a pod or two on each Plant. 1762Mills Syst. Pract. Husb. I. 464 The best way to make peas pod well. 1833Ridgemont Farm Rep. 141 in Libr. Usef. Knowl., Husb. III, Beans certainly pod much better when not crowded together. 1893Westm. Gaz. 17 June 6/2 The peas have failed to pod, and are being cut for fodder.
2. trans. To gather (peas, etc.) in the pod.
1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 587 The business of picking or podding the peas is usually performed by the labourers at a fixed price.
3. To hull or empty (peas, etc.) out of the pods.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXVI. 558/1 By the aid of modern machinery..the peas are podded by a ‘huller’.
4. intr. To swell out like a pod.
1890Columbus Dispatch 9 July, Twelve intelligent eyes podded until one could have snared them with grape vines.
Hence ˈpodding vbl. n., the production or formation of pods.
1766Compl. Farmer s.v. Pease, Both these kinds of..peas are particularly apt to degenerate, and become later in their podding. 1893Times 6 July 4/6 Spring sorts [of beans] shed their flowers without podding.
▪ VI. pod, v.2 Now dial.
[Origin obscure.]
trans. To prod, to poke.
1530Palsgr. 661/2, I podde. 1570Levins Manip. 155/38 To Podde, or porre, pungere. 1878Cumbld. Gloss., Pod,..to poke. 1903Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v., He podded mi i' t'ribs wi' his walkin' stick.
Hence ˈpodder, one who prods.
a1640Jackson Creed x. xxxix. §19 To use some in our parliaments as their podders, to drive us into it.
▪ VII. pod, v.3
[f. pod n.4]
trans. To drive (seals, etc.) into a ‘pod’ or bunch for the purpose of clubbing them.
1887Fisheries of U.S. Sect. v. II. 366 note, A singular lurid green light suddenly suffuses the eye of the fur-seal at intervals when it is very much excited, as the ‘podding’ for the clubbers is in progress. 1897Speaker 17 Jan. 68/2 Females [seals] are often podded with the ‘bachelors’.
▪ VIII. pod
see pad n.1, toad, frog; also pode. |