| 释义 |
▪ I. pitchpoll, -pole, n.|ˈpɪtʃpəʊl|
[f. pitch v.1 + poll n.]
1. A somersault. (In quots. a 1661, the act, or point, of toppling over.) dial.
a1661B. Holyday Juvenal 5 All vice is at the pitch-pole. Ibid. 186 Whence to a greater ruine after all With a huge pitch-pole he was forc'd to fall. 1842S. Kettell Daw's Doings ix. 61 Goosecap..did nothing all day long but lollop about at his ease..playing at pitchpole among the clover. 1881Oxfords. Gloss. (Suppl.), A pitchpole. 1893Wiltsh. Gloss. s.v., When rooks are..playing and tumbling head over heels in the air (a sign of rain) they are said to be playing pitch-pole.
2. Agric. A kind of harrow.
1932R. H. Biffen Fream's Elem. Agric. (ed. 12) ii. 48 The pitch-pole harrow is an implement of recent introduction, which has attained some popularity for tearing a thick mat on old pasture, and also for working arable land... The implement has a very drastic action and the heavy draught necessitates a tractor. 1940R. G. Stapledon Re-Grassing 27 After this treatment had been continued a few years we dragged heavily with pitch-pole, lined heavily.., [etc.]. 1944C. Culpin Farm Machinery (ed. 2) vii. 132 (caption) Wilder's ‘Pitch-Pole’ harrow pulled by tractor equipped with skeleton wheels. Ibid., Tines suitable for fairly deep arable cultivations are available, and some farmers use the Pitch-Pole mainly or exclusively as an arable land cultivator. 1951P. Oyler Feeding Ourselves x. 92 It is a good plan to run heavy tine harrows or the modern Pitchpole over pastures again and again both ways. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 16 Feb. 128/3 The average contract rate for pitchpole harrowing is 20s per acre first time.
▪ II. ˈpitchpoll, -pole, v. orig. dial.
[f. prec. n.]
a. intr. To turn ‘head over heels’; to turn over and over; also trans. in causative sense.
1851H. Melville Whale lxxxiv. 409 The harpoon may be pitchpoled in the same way with the lance. 1861Mrs. H. Wood East Lynne iii. v, The ragged urchins pitch⁓poling in the gutter and the dust. 1896Westm. Gaz. 21 Mar. 7/1 We couldn't go out of our houses up and down street without pitch-polling over strings tied across the road. 1926T. E. Lawrence Seven Pillars (1935) cxvi. 626 The wind snapped them [sc. thistles] off at the hollow root, and pitch-polled their branchy tops along the level ground, thistle blowing against thistle.
b. intr. Naut. (See quot. 1961.) Also trans. in causative sense.
1903G. S. Wasson Cap'n Simlon's Store iii. 44 Ain't it hard lines enough for a sickly ole feller same's him having to go outside here late in the fall o' the year and pitch⁓pole around into a punky old ark. 1908[see humbug v. 2]. 1915Kipling Fringes of Fleet 67 Dawn sees them pitch-poling insanely between head-seas. 1961F. H. Burgess Dict. Sailing 160 Pitch pole, be up-ended, stern first, and completely overthrown by the sea. 1976Sci. Amer. May 130/3 On this up-to-date foundation Van Dorn builds a careful scheme for wave forecasting at sea: the expected sea state and its changes (depending on fetch, wind speed and duration) and the chances that state implies for the big wave that can pitchpole any boat. 1976Yachting World Oct. 111/1 Even in the worst conditions, such as running down steep 25 foot waves, it has never shown a tendency to pitchpole. 1979Observer 19 Aug. 3/3 Huge weights of water..capable of laying a 35 foot boat flat on its side with ease, making it turn turtle or even pitch-poling it—making it somersault forward stern over stem.
Hence ˈpitchpoler, one who pitchpolls a harpoon in Whaling; ˈpitchpol(l)ing vbl. n.
1851H. Melville Moby Dick II. xlii. 284 None exceed that fine manœuvre with the lance, called pitchpoling. Ibid. 286 The pitchpoler dropping astern, folds his hands. 1971S. E. Morison European Discovery Amer.: Northern Voy. p. xi, There you have first-hand accounts of some of the hazards that the early navigators encountered as a matter of course—enormous freak waves, pitch-poling, capsizing. |