| 释义 |
restrictive, a. and n.|rɪˈstrɪktɪv|
Also 6 restryct-.
[ad. F. restrictif, -ive, = Sp. and Pg. restrictivo, It. restrittivo, ad. late L. restrictīv-us: see restrict v. and -ive.]
A. adj.
†1. = restringent a. 1. Obs.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xviii. 81 Men..vsez certayne oynementz calde and restrictiue. c1550Lloyd Treas. Health K j, Immoderate exercyse, or lacke therof, wyth vsynge of restryctyue meates. 1607Topsell Hist. Four-f. Beasts (1658) 323 This Plaister being restrictive, will force the humors to resort all downward. 1676Wiseman Surg. (J.), I applied a plaister over it, made up with my common restrictive powder. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Hoof-loosening, Put a Restrictive Charge about it, and heal it up with Turpentine and Hogs Grease melted together.
2. Of terms, expressions, etc.: Implying, conveying, or expressing restriction or limitation; also in Gram., esp. of relative clauses.
1579G. Harvey Let. to Spenser Wks. (Grosart) I. 23 He might haue spared..that same restrictiue, and streight laced terme, Precisely. 1612T. Taylor Titus ii. 11 That was a more restrictiue doctrine to the Iewes only. a1660Hammond Serm. (1850) 581 The particle ‘but’ in the front of my text..is exclusive and restrictive. 1697tr. Burgersdicius' Logic i. xxxiii. 115 Enunciations that are exclusive and restrictive receive contradiction from a negation added to the exclusive or restrictive particles. 1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v. Proposition, Restrictive, or limitative Proposition, is that affected with a restrictive sign; as, according to,..considered as. 1827Jarman Powell's Devises II. 125 In order to restrain the devise..it was necessary to shew restrictive words. 1866Crump Banking v. 124 [He] should show in the indorsement to what purpose it was to be applied, which is termed a ‘restrictive indorsement’. 1878C. Stanford Symb. Christ i. 22 To save sinners! True, this is a restrictive term. 1878Reed & Kellogg Higher Lessons in English 98 The Adjective Clause, when not restrictive, is set off by the comma. 1895Funk's Stand. Dict. s.v., A restrictive clause. 1924O. Jespersen Philos. Gram. viii. 112 In English..only restrictive clauses can be introduced by that or without any pronoun. 1957Eng. Stud. XXXVIII. 101 Restrictive clauses..are linked to their antecedents by close syntactic juncture. 1977Language LIII. 70 The pragmatic distinction that Donnellan labeled the ‘referential’ and ‘attributive’ uses of definite descriptions is not reflected in the mood of restrictive relative clauses.
3. a. Restricting; having the nature or effect of a restriction; limitative of the power or scope of something or some one.
1652Feltham Low Countries (1677) 56 Their wisdom is..rather narrow and restrictive, as being a wisdom but for themselves. 1670Clarendon Ess. Tracts (1727) 163 But this is only the restrictive negative power of conscience, the affirmative power hath not that force. 1775De Lolme Eng. Const. Pref., The restrictive oath imposed on Members of Parliament. 1818Hallam Mid. Ages (1872) II. 155 This capitulary seems to be restrictive of the prelates. 1825J. S. Mill in Westm. Rev. Apr. 412 If the landlords would attend a little to these, and some other effects of the restrictive system, we should no longer hear them clamouring..for a protecting duty of 20, 30, or 40 shillings. 1865H. Phillips Amer. Paper Curr. II. 181 Restrictive laws produce dishonesty and idleness. 1880Our Nat. Responsibility for Opium Trade 6 Its monopoly is equivalent in effect to a heavy restrictive tax.
b. spec. of a covenant.
1882Law Rep. Queen's Bench Div. VIII. 410 With regard to the question of notice, Tulk v. Moxhay shews that a restrictive covenant will be enforced, and so do Cox v. Bishop and Wilson v. Hart. 1911Encycl. Brit. XVI. 157/1 Restrictive Covenants:- These may be subdivided into two classes—covenants not to assign or underlet without the lessor's consent..; and covenants in restraint of trade. 1925Act 15 Geo. V c. 22 §10 A covenant or agreement (not being a covenant or agreement made between a lessor and lessee) restrictive of the user of land entered into after the commencement of this Act (in this Act referred to as ‘a restrictive covenant’). 1935Discovery Aug. 227/1 A new policy of preserving land by means of restrictive covenants has recently been adopted [by the National Trust], in addition to the older and more expensive method of purchase. 1953[see lily-white a. 2]. 1976Evening Post (Nottingham) 15 Dec. 4/4 Mansfield District Council has decided to go ahead with its plan to close the market..despite the failure of their application to the Land Tribunal for the removal of 100-year-old restrictive covenant on the site. 1979Internat. Jrnl. Sociol. of Law VII. 339 In drafting the contract a planning authority condition that the future occupants do not erect fences has to be translated into a restrictive covenant.
c. restrictive practice: an arrangement in industry and trade which restricts or controls competition between firms; an arrangement by a group of workers to limit the output or restrict the entry of new workers: regarded by others as preventing labour or materials from being used in the most efficient way. Hence restrictive practitioner.
1928Britain's Industr. Future (Liberal Industr. Inquiry) xiii. 146 The prevalence of these restrictive practices has varied very widely from trade to trade. 1946Sun (Baltimore) 19 Feb. 10/3 The single argument on which all the restrictive practices have rested..was that the demand for housing was so limited that the various factors in the housing field in simple self-protection had to stretch the work out and keep costs high. 1948Act 11 & 12 Geo. VI c. 66 §1 For the purposes of this Act there shall be constituted a Commission, to be called the Monopolies and Restrictive Practices Commission... The Commission shall consist of not less than four nor more than ten members to be appointed by the Board of Trade. 1958Spectator 31 Jan. 133/1 These two trades have been in the forefront as restrictive practitioners. 1964Mod. Law Rev. XXVIII. 337 The House of Lords..handed down an important decision on the question of restrictive practices. 1966Economist 12 Mar. 979/2 Mr Heath would apparently like to hand the supervision of labour relations over to the lawyers, the Tories' favourite restrictive practitioners. 1969J. Argenti Managem. Techniques 207 Others blame labour for resisting changes to working methods and manning levels and for perpetuating restrictive practices. 1978Jrnl. R. Soc. Arts CXXVI. 406/2 The moves made by successive Tory Presidents of the Board of Trade in the late '50s and early '60s to curb restrictive practices of various kinds.
B. n.
†1. = restringent n. 2. Obs.
1460–70Bk. Quintessence 14 So I seie of comfortatyves, digestyves, restrictives. 1612Woodall Surg. Mate Wks. (1653) 3 If that the flux will not be staied by an ordinary kind of restrictive. 1689Moyle Abstr. Sea Chyrurg. ii. 23 Be sure your restrictives be ready mixt in one Bason.
2. A term or expression having the force of, or implying, a restriction or qualification.
1671[R. MacWard] True Nonconf. 4 To hear the glorious subject..narrowed within its Scriptural acceptation, by such a Cold restrictive. a1832Bentham Ess. Lang. Wks. 1843 VIII. 315 In English, what thickens the confusion is, the indeterminate character of the restrictives, alone and only. 1864Bowen Logic v. 145 These [i.e. Exponibles] are divided into Exclusives, Exceptives and Restrictives. |