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▪ I. pirouette, n.|pɪruːˈɛt|
Also 8 pi-, pyroet.
[a. F. pirouette spinning top, child's windmill or whirligig, teetotum, pirouette in dancing or riding (15th c. in Littré); in OF. also in masc. form piroet, pirouet (15th c.), whence piroet in Bailey. A parallel dim. is Burgundian pirouelle teetotum (Littré); Guernsey has the simpler form piroue a whirligig or little wheel (Métivier). Evidently from same source as It. piruolo, pirolo ‘top, gig, twirle’, also ‘a woodden peg or pinne for an instrument of musike’ (Florio), cf. pirla, pirlo ‘a childes top, gig, or twirle’ (Fl.).
The It. piruolo, pirolo is in form a dim. of a form *piro: cf. Roman dial. piro a plug (Diez), whence the It. augmentative pirone ‘a pin or peg of iron’ (Fl.). If such was the origin, the sense ‘pin or peg’ app. gave that of ‘peg-top’ and ‘teetotum’, as in Fr., from the idea of the motion of which arose the other senses.]
1. The act of spinning round on one foot, or on the point of the toe, as performed by ballet-dancers.
1706P. Siris Art of Dancing 42 A Table of Pirouettes. [Ibid. Fig. 13, To Pirouetter, or Whirl about on the two Points of the Toes half-round.] 1813Jeffrey Ess. (1844) I. 333 Making pirouettes round his chamber, or indulging in other feats of activity. 1822Hazlitt Table-t. II. xii. 277 A Columbine practising a pirouette in sober sadness. 1846Patterson Zool. 34 A rotation which would put to shame the most finished pirouettes of the opera dancer. 1875J. Grant One of the ‘600’ I. vi. 89 Berkeley..made a species of pirouette on the brass heels of his glazed boots.
2. In the manège: see quots.
1727–41Chambers Cycl., Pirouette, Pyroet, in the manage, a turn or circumvolution which a horse makes, without changing his ground. Pirouettes are either of one tread or piste, or of two. 1730–6Bailey (folio), Piroet. 1775in Ash: and in mod. Dicts. 1847W. Irving in Life & Lett. (1864) IV. 20 He is rather skittish also, and has laid my coachman in the dust by one of his pirouettes.
3. Mus. A form of mouthpiece used with a shawm, rackett, or similar reed instrument (see quot. 1976).
1891Descr. Catal. Mus. Instruments R. Military Exhib., London, 1890 iv. 64 The reeds used in these early times were generally rather hard and difficult to manage. To render them more manageable they were placed in a sort of case, called pirouette, which covered the lower part of the reed. 1911Encycl. Brit. XXII. 780/1 The rackett is played by means of a large double reed placed within a pirouette or cap. 1961A. C. Baines Mus. Instruments ix. 233 The European shawmist presses the lips to a wooden ‘pirouette’..which permits lip-control without appreciably reducing the reed's amplitude of vibration. 1968New Oxf. Hist. Music IV. xiii. 737 The reed of the tenor and smaller forms was controlled by a device called a pirouette. 1976D. Munrow Instruments Middle Ages & Renaissance 40/2 The pirouette (also used on the renaissance rackett) was a funnel-shaped reed-shield against which the player could press his lips whilst taking the projecting part of the reed into the mouth.
▪ II. pirouette, v.|pɪruːˈɛt|
[a. F. pirouetter, f. pirouette: see prec.]
intr. To dance a pirouette, spin or whirl on the point of the toe; to move with a whirling motion. Also fig.
[1706: see prec. 1.] 1822T. Mitchell Aristoph. II. 318 See, the king of the shell-fish advancing,..pirouetting and dancing! 1834Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) VI. 504 Volting, demi-volting, pirouetting, parrying with and opposing the left hand, are manœuvres now totally disused in fencing. 1868Morn. Star 28 Mar., To pirouette in combustible gauze before the footlights. 1872Baker Nile Tribut. viii. 133 After pirouetting in several strong whirlpools..we at length arrived. 1894Baring-Gould Queen of L. I. 8 To..pirouette at the apex of his loftiest elocution.
Hence pirouˈetting vbl. n. and ppl. a.; also pirouˈetter, one who pirouettes; pirouˈettism, pirouˈettiveness, nonce-wds., disposition for or habit of pirouetting.
1839Blackw. Mag. XLVI. 533 A bitterness seldom exercised towards the pirouettism of a lawyer. 1844Ibid. LV. 295/1 A professor's chair for the improvement of pirouetters. Ibid. 297 The boss of pirouettiveness is strangely wanting in human conformation. 1840Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. i. Witches' Frolic, Such lofty curvetting, And grand pirouetting. 1864Knight Passages Work. Life I. viii. 286 His slovenly dress, his pirouetting walk. 1878T. Hardy Ret. Native iv. iii, She began to envy those pirouetters. |