| 释义 |
ˌphoto-eˈlectric, a.
Also photelectric.
[f. photo- + electric.]
†a. = photo-galvanic. Obs. Now usu. written as one word.
b. Pertaining to, furnishing, or employing electric light.
c. Of or pertaining to photo-electricity (see below); producing an electric effect by means of light. pertaining to or employing a photoelectric effect; photoelectric absorption, the absorption of light by an atom which then emits an electron; photoelectric cell = photocell; photoelectric effect (see quot. 1973); photoelectric emission, the emission of electrons by an illuminated surface.
d. Used for taking photographs by electric light.
a.1863Boston Commw. (U.S.) 30 Oct., A specimen of what is called the ‘Photelectric engraving’, according to a new art called ‘the Dallas process’. 1905Daily Chron. 14 Mar. 3/7 The early photo-electric engravings by the Pretsch process are not half a century old.
b.1863Atkinson Ganot's Physics vii. v. 441 Photoelectric Microscope. This is nothing more than the solar microscope,..illuminated by the electric light. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1679/1 Photo-electric Lamp, a name for the electric lamp.
c.1880Athenæum 20 Nov. 679/1 Prof. Minchin showed by experiment the photo-electric current set up by a beam of light falling on a sheet of tinfoil immersed in a solution of acid carbonate of calcium. 1891Phil. Mag. XXXI. 231 The seleno-aluminium cells differ from all other photoelectric cells that I have constructed in their great sensitiveness to all parts of the spectrum. 1892Photogr. Ann. II. 113 As a rule a much greater photo-electric effect is produced by the more refrangible rays than by the less refrangible. 1903A. R. Wallace Man's Place in Universe 290 Experiments on the Electrical Measurement of Starlight by means of a photo-electric cell. 1912Physical Rev. XXXIV. 475 Photoelectric cells containing sodium or potassium..give a current on illumination which is strictly proportional to the intensity of the exciting light. 1921Jrnl. R. Soc. Art 16 Dec. 85/1 The electrons so detached are called photoelectrons and the action photoelectric. 1949Jrnl. Brit. Interplanetary Soc. VIII. 115 The photo-electric telescope, which can amplify faint images. 1955Sci. News Let. 12 Mar. 168/3 The instrument, known as a photoelectric polarimeter, measures polarization of skylight with the aid of polarizing prisms. 1958W. K. Mansfield Elem. Nucl. Physics i. 10 The electrons can gain this energy by absorbing electromagnetic radiation which gives rise to photo⁓electric emission of electrons. Ibid. v. 44 In photo⁓electric absorption the γ-ray interacts with an atom as a whole, ejecting an electron. 1960R. W. Marks Dymaxion World of B. Fuller 25/1 In 1927, seeking photo-electric cells and relay-actuated devices, he wrote to his brother. 1961G. R. Choppin Exper. Nucl. Chem. iii. 30 The photo⁓electric effect is the predominant mode of interaction in aluminium for gamma rays below 60 kev. 1970O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing xi. 161 In the photo-electric reader, a lamp sends light beams onto a number of photo cells through the holes in the tape. 1973J. Yarwood Electricity & Magnetism xv. 594 There are three main photoelectric effects: (a) the photoemissive effect or surface photoemission, in which electrons are emitted from the surface of a material when radiation falls upon it; (b) the photoconductive effect, concerned when the incident radiation causes electrons to be released within the material (a non-metallic solid) and so increase its conductivity; (c) the photovoltaic effect, in which the radiation absorbed in a device causes an e.m.f. to be set up at a discontinuity..at a barrier between two different materials.
So ˌphoto-eˈlectrical a. = photo-electric (Cent. Dict. 1890); ˌphotoeˈlectrically adv.; ˌphoto-elecˈtricity, electricity generated or affected by light.
1877Nature 25 Oct. 558/2 Some interesting experiments on the photo-electricity of fluorspar. 1888A. Righi in Phil. Mag. XXV. 315 The system of the two metals, when receiving the radiation, behaves then as a voltaic cell, and can be called a photoelectrical cell. 1911Physical Rev. XXXII. 631 A platinum cathode film on glass is photo-electrically active even when of the utmost tenuity. 1923Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics IV. 563/2 One of the most interesting phases of the inquiry into the laws and constants of radiation is the confirmatory data which one obtains from a consideration..of photo-electrical action. 1941Millman & Seely Electronics iii. 101 The number of electrons released photoelectrically from any part of the photocathode depends upon the intensity of the light at that point. 1974Physics Bull. May 204/1 The work functions of polycrystalline films of aluminium..were measured photoelectrically. |