| 释义 |
phospholipid Biochem.|fɒsfəʊˈlɪpɪd|
Also -ide (now rare).
[f. phospho- + lipid.]
Any compound whose products of hydrolysis include fatty acids, phosphoric acid, and (with some writers) a nitrogen base; esp. one that is an ester of glycerol phosphate; in recent use applied more widely to any lipid containing phosphoric acid, esp. ones having a structure based on glycerol phosphate.
1928Industr. & Engin. Chem. (News Ed.) 10 Sept. 3 The Commission [on the Reform of Biological Chemical Nomenclature]..proposes the following classification of the group lipides... The term phosphatides is abolished. It is replaced by the terms phospholipides and phosphoaminolipides. Phospholipides are the lipides which contain phosphorus (in the form of the phosphoric radical). Phosphoaminolipides are the lipides which contain both phosphorus..and nitrogen. 1929Jrnl. Biol. Chem. LXXXII. 117 (heading) The rôle of the phospholipids of the intestinal mucosa in fat absorption. 1946Nature 27 July 119/2 These results indicated strongly that the vaccinia and ectromelia hæmagglutinins were composed of a virus antigen plus a phospholipid component, the latter being responsible for union with the surface of the cell. 1951[see phosphatide]. 1951E. A. Zeller in Sumner & Myrbäck Enzymes I. xxx. 987 The fact that the hemolysis caused by many animal poisons is connected with the breakdown of lecithin considerably stimulated the investigation of the metabolism of phospholipides. 1953Fruton & Simmonds Gen. Biochem. xxii. 511 In the plasma of mammals..nearly all the phospholipid contains choline, and is therefore largely composed of lecithins and sphingomyelins. 1967I. L. Finar Org. Chem. (ed. 5) I. xi. 292 One subgroup of the phospholipids is the phosphatides... Another group of phospholipids is the sphingolipids. These are not glycerides... Sphingolipids are also known as sphingomyelins. 1967Information Bull. Internat. Union Pure & Appl. Chem. XXX. 26 The term ‘phospholipid’ may be used for any lipid containing a radical derived from phosphoric acid. 1971M. F. Mallette et al. Introd. Biochem. ix. 321 The phospholipids can be defined as those lipids which contain phosphate esters of acylated glycerol..or sphingosine. 1972D. J. Hanahan in F. Snyder Ether Lipids ii. 27 Structure (7) is the unusual diether phospholipid found in an extremely halophilic bacterium. 1973S. J. Edelstein Introd. Biochem. xii. 210 Phospholipids are composed of fatty acids linked to a glycerol backbone. 1976Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 31 Mar. 18/4 Liposomes are balls made from fatty substances called phospholipids, found in the membranes of animal cells. |