| 释义 |
pheasant|ˈfɛzənt|
Forms: α. 3, 6 fesaund, (4 pl. -auns), 4–6 -aunt, -e, 4–7 -ant, 5 -antt, -annte, -awnt, -awante, -auntt, fasand, feisaunt, feysaund, -aunt, pl. -aunce, 5–6 fesande, -aund(e, -ante; 6 faysanne, -sant, feisant, fezant, feasaunt, -e, Sc. fasiane; 6–7 feasant, 7 feasan, 9 (dial.) fezen, fezzan. β. 4, 7–8 phesant, 6 phesaunt, -ante, 7 phasi-, phais-, pheis-, pheys-, pheazant, 6– pheasant.
[ME. a. AF. fesant, fesaunt, OF. fesan (13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), F. faisan = Pr. and Sp. faisan, It. fagiano:—L. phāsiān-us, Gr. ϕᾱσιᾱνός (sc. ὄρνις) the Phasian bird, n. use of ϕᾱσιᾱν-ός of or pertaining to ϕᾶσις, the Phasis, a river of Colchis, whence the pheasant is said to have spread into the west. The final -t is found also in OHG., MHG. fasant (also fasân, Ger., Da., Sw. fasan), Du. fazant, all of Romanic origin.]
1. a. The name of a well-known game-bird, Phasianus colchicus, long naturalized in Britain and other parts of Europe; by extension, applied to all the species of Phasianus, and to some related genera. (See 2.)[1059Inv. Santæ Crucis apud Waltham (1861) 16 Unicuique canonico..ii. perdices aut unus phasianus.] α1299Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) II. 498 In xxvj perdicibus et uno fesaund empt. c1320Orfeo 296 Of game they fonde grete haunt, Fesaunt, heron, and cormerant. c1350Will. Palerne 183 Wiþ fesauns & feldfares and oþer foules grete. c1450Holland Howlat 158 In a mornyng, Come four Fasandis full fair. c1475Sqr. lowe Degre 322 With fesauntes fayre, theyr were no wane. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon iv. 124 Dyuerse pertryches and feysauntes. 1515Barclay Egloges i, The crane, the fesant, the pecocke and curlewe. 1535Fisher Wks. (1876) 370 It is a more goodly beinge..of a goodly Fesaund. 1543Traheron tr. Vigo's Chirurg. ii. vi. vii. 75 Of chyckens, of hennes, of capones, of faysannes. 1588Kyd Househ. Philos. Wks. (1901) 246 For the desire of Feisants or Partrich. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 39 Sumthing les than the fasiane. 1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 321 Patridges and Feasants are common. 1697View Penal Laws 122 None shall take Fesants or Partridges with Engins. 1877N.W. Linc. Gloss., Fezzan, a pheasant.
β1390Gower Conf. III. 76 A Phesant cam before here yhe. 1530Palsgr. 254/1 Phesaunt a byrde, faisant. 1603Owen Pembrokeshire (1892) 268 The Phesant and Partridg. 1611Shakes. Wint. T. iv. iv. 770, I haue no Pheazant, Cock nor Hen. 1635Heywood Hierarch. i. Comm. 41 Figured like a Wood-hen or shee-pheasant. 1645G. Daniel Poems Wks. (Grosart) II. 37 Fair as the Phasiant. a1653― Idyll., Landskip 5 Fame, a peircht Phaisant and the Quest of Kings, Keepes her at Bay. 1750Gray Long Story 48 A wicked imp..Bewitch'd the children of the peasants,..And suck'd the eggs, and kill'd the pheasants. 1873‘Mrs. Alexander’ Wooing o't xxvii, She enjoyed occasionally startling a pheasant as it rose with a sudden whirr.
b. Locally applied to various birds of other families, as the Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellata) of the U.S.; the Mallee-bird (Lipoa ocellata) of Australia; in South Africa, applied to certain francolins, esp. Francolinus capensis, and other birds belonging to the family Phasianidæ.
1637T. Morton N. Eng. Canaan (1883) 194 A kinde of fowles which are commonly called Pheisants, but whether they be pheysants or no, I will not take upon me to determine. 1766W. Stork Acc. East Florida 51 The pheasant is in size like the European, its plumage like that of our partridge. 1785G. Forster tr. Sparrman's Voy. Cape Good Hope I. iv. 153, I found here two new species of the genus of tetrao, one of which is called partridge and the other pheasant: either sort being nearly of the size of our partridges. 1805Pike Sources Mississ. (1810) 31 Killed three prairie hens, and two pheasants. 1837N. Polson Subaltern's Sick Leave v. 119 There is also a bird, general all over the Colony, styled ‘pheasant’, though about as like a pheasant of England as a Dutch Boer is to a Bond-street exquisite. 1855Longfellow Hiaw. v. 20 He..Heard the pheasant, Bena, drumming. 1883C. F. Adams in T. Morton's N. Eng. Canaan 194 note, The Pheasant of Morton and other early writers has been supposed by ornithologists to be the Prairie Hen or Pinnated Grouse (Cupidonia cupido). 1893Newton Dict. Birds 541 Known in England as the Mallee-bird, but to the colonists as Lowan and ‘Native Pheasant’—the Lipoa ocellata. 1896R. Wallace Farming Industries Cape Colony i. 15 No true pheasant..is found in Africa... Several species of francolins belonging to the same family..are known as pheasants. 1970Stand. Encycl. S. Afr. II. 345/1 Most of the birds of the open veld are well camouflaged, for example the pheasants, partridges and quails, the bustards and korhaans.
c. The bird or its flesh as an article of food.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xv. 455 He fedde hem with no venysoun ne fesauntes ybake. 14..Chaucer's Dreme 354 The second apple..You nourishes in pleasaunce, Better than partridge or fesaunce. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1539) 29 b, Fesaunt excedeth all fowles in swetenesse and holsomnesse. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. 114 One past makes up the prince and peasan, Though one eat roots, the other feasan. 1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. ii. 472 To what would he on Quail and Pheasant swell That even on tripe and carrion could rebel?
2. Ornith.
a. With defining words, applied to particular species of the genus Phasianus and allied Phasianinæ (as Thaumalea, Euplocamus), and Pavoninæ (as Polyplectron, Argus); also to some other birds in some way resembling the pheasant.
(Lady) Amherst's p., of Szechuen, China, Thaumalea amherstiæ; Argus p., Argus giganteus: see Argus 2; bar-tailed p. = Reeve's p.; blood p., the Sanguine Partridge, Ithaginis geoffroyi; cheer p., of N. India, Phasianus wallichii; copper p., of Japan = Sœmmering's p.; eared p., of China and Tibet, any species of the genus Crossoptilon; Elliot's p., of China, Phasianus ellioti; firebacked p., of the Malay archipelago, etc., Euplocamus ignitus; gold or golden p., of China and Tibet, Thaumalea picta or Chrysolophus pictus; lyre- or lyre-tailed p., of Australia = lyre-bird; peacock-p. or pea-p., any species of Polyplectron, akin to Pavo; reed-p., the bearded Titmouse, Panurus panarmicus; Reeves's p., of N. China, Phasianus or Syrmaticus reevesi; ring-necked p., of China, Phasianus torquatus; Siamese p., Euplocamus prælatus; silver p., of China, Euplocamus nycthemerus; snow p. = eared p.; Sœmmering's p., of Japan, Phasianus sœmmeringii; swamp p., the Pheasant Coucal of New South Wales, Centropus phasianus; water p., the pheasant-tailed Jacana, Hydrophasianus chirurgus.
1819Pantologia s.v. Phasianus, *Argus pheasant... Inhabits Chinese Tartary, and is as large as a turkey.
1743G. Edwards Hist. Birds 69, I have three Sorts of *Chinese Cock Pheasants, and the Hens of two of them.
1894Newton Dict. Birds 716 Two other species of Pheasant have been introduced to the coverts of England, P. reevesi from China, remarkable for its very long tail, white with black bars, and the *Copper Pheasant, P. sœmmerringi, from Japan.
1796Sir G. L. Staunton Macartney's Embassy China, Plates, No. 13 The *Fire-backed Pheasant of Java.
1770Chron. in Ann. Reg. 97 A *gold pheasant was sold for 20 guineas.
1819Pantologia s.v. Phasianus, The *golden pheasant of China, the most beautiful of this genus.
1885‘Wanderer’ Beauteous Terr. 60 And have we no visions pleasant Of the playful *lyre-tailed pheasant?
1864Jerdon Birds of India ii. II. 508 Near the Peafowl should be placed the genus Polyplectron, or *Pea-pheasants; often called Argus pheasants.
1770Chron. in Ann. Reg. 98 A *peacock pheasant [was sold] for 40 guineas. 1871Darwin Desc. Man ii. xiv. 137 The species and sub-species of Polyplectron..so far resemble this bird [peacock] that they are some⁓times called peacock-pheasants. 1831–48*Reed pheasant [see reed n.1 14]. 1894Newton Dict. Birds 779 Reed⁓pheasant is the local name in East Anglia for the unhappily called Bearded Titmouse.
1834Proc. Zool. Soc. ii. 34 A second male specimen of the *Reeve's Pheasant, Phasianus veneratus, Temm., had also been sent to the Menagerie by John Reeves, Esq.
1838Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) XVI. 610/1 The *ring-pheasant (Ph. torquatus), characterized by a more or less completed circle of white around the lower portion of the neck.
1819Pantologia s.v. Phasianus, *Ringed pheasant. Collar white.
1838Encycl. Brit. (ed. 7) XVI. 610/1 The gold and *silver pheasants of our aviaries.
1840Penny Cycl. XVIII. 61/2 The rare and elegant *Sœmmering's Pheasant..a native of Japan.
1847Leichhardt Jrnl. iii. 60 A Centropus phasianellus (the *Swamp pheasant of Moreton Bay) was shot.
b. sea pheasant, † (a) the Turbot; (b) the Pintail Duck, Dafila acuta.
1633Hart Diet of Diseased i. xxi. 89 Turbot..yeeldeth good and wholesome nourishment..and is called therefore by some the Sea-pheasant. 1674Ray Collect. Words, Water Fowl 96 The Sea Pheasant: Anas caudacuta. 1837Penny Cycl. IX. 180/1 Dafila caudacuta. The Pintail Duck. This is..the Sea Pheasant, or Cracker, of Willughby.
3. attrib. and Comb., as pheasant-colour, pheasant-driving, pheasant-mew, pheasant-poult, pheasant-rearer, pheasant-shooting; pheasant-plumed, pheasant-tailed adjs.; pheasant-cock, the male pheasant; pheasant-coucal, -cuckoo = swamp pheasant (see 2); pheasant-duck = sea pheasant (b) (see 2 b); pheasant-finch, Astrilda undulata, of Africa; pheasant-grouse, ? a species of Sharp-tailed Grouse, Pediœcetes phasianellus; pheasant-hen, the female pheasant; pheasant-Malay, a variety of the domestic fowl; pheasant-wood = partridge-wood 1.
c1325in Rel. Ant. I. 168 Partrich, fesaunt hen, and *fesant cocke. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 36 Þo fesaunt kok, but not þo henne. 1626Bacon Sylva §852 The Pea⁓cocke, and Phesant-Cocke, and Gold-Finch-Cocke, have glorious and fine Colours.
1849D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yd. (1855) 42 The beauty of the breed is with the hens, which are of a *pheasant-color in all parts of the body, with a velvety-black neck.
1873*Pheasant Coucal [see coucal]. 1908E. J. Banfield Confessions of Beachcomber i. iii. 103 The swamp pheasant, or pheasant coucal..is also an early bird. 1935[see coucal]. 1944A. Russell Bush Ways ii. 17 The cuckoos, with the single exception of the pheasant-coucal, build no nests of their own. 1965Austral. Encycl. VII. 90/2 Pheasant, a name formerly applied in Australia to the lyrebird and still in general use for the pheasant-coucal or swamp pheasant (Centropus phasianinus).
1846J. L. Stokes Discov. Australia I. vi. 125, I enjoyed some very fair sport; especially with the *pheasant-cuckoo.
1892Greener Breech-Loader 224 *Pheasant-driving is pursued..for the object of obtaining sporting shots.
1871Darwin Desc. Man ii. xiv. 101 The black-cock, capercailzie, *pheasant-grouse..are, as is believed, polygamists. c1325*Fesaunt hen [see pheasant cock]. 1601Holland Pliny x. xlviii. I. 296 The Fesant hens of Colchis.
1849D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yd. (1855) 28 The cross between the *pheasant-Malay and the Spanish produces a particularly handsome fowl.
1829Sporting Mag. XXIII. 392 A county..which..has degenerated..into a mere hare-warren and *pheasant-mew.
1849D. J. Browne Amer. Poultry Yd. (1855) 41 The dark *pheasant-plumed breed, both of Bantams and common poultry.
1575E. Hake Newes out of Powles Ch.-yd. iv. D ij b, Fat *Pheasaunt Powt, and Plouer base for them that after come. 1694Motteux Rabelais iv. lix. (1737) 243 Phesants, and Phesant poots. 1819Pantologia, Pheasant⁓pouts, young pheasants.
1889Cent. Dict. s.v. Jacana, The *pheasant-tailed jacana of India, Hydrophasianus chirurgus..has a very long tail.
1884Miller Plant-n., *Pheasant⁓wood, another name for Partridge-wood. |