| 释义 |
penitential, a. and n.|pɛnɪˈtɛnʃəl|
Also 6–7 -all, 6 penytencyal(l, 7 pœnitential.
[ad. med.L. pœnitēntiāl-is, f. pæni-, pœnitēntia: see penitence and -al1. Cf. F. pénitentiel; in 14–15th c. penitencial, -tial (in Godef.).]
A. adj.
1. Of, pertaining to, or expressive of penitence or repentance.
1592Nobody & Someb. 942 in Simpson Sch. Shaks. (1878) I. 313, I know his penitentiall words proceede From a remorcefull spirit. 1638Cowley Love's Riddle iii, When you have shed some penitential tears For wronging of Palæmon. 1751Johnson Rambler No. 139 ⁋9 Samson, touched with this reproach, makes a reply equally penitential and pious. c1845Faber Hymn, ‘My God, how wonderful Thou art’, I..worship thee with trembling hope And penitential tears. 1853Robertson Serm. Ser. iii. xx. 263 The gloom of penitential life.
b. penitential psalms: A name given to seven psalms (vi, xxxii, xxxviii, li, cii, cxxx, cxliii) which give especial expression to the feelings of penitence. (The earliest use of the adj. in Eng.)
1508Fisher (title) The fruytful saynges of Dauyd the kynge & prophete in the seuen penytencyall psalmes. Ibid. Wks. (1876) 22 Beati quorum. This psalme of a good congruence..is called a penytencyal psalme bycause penaunce is so dylygently treated and spoken of in it. 1658Whole Duty Man, Priv. Devot. 611 This Penitential Psalm [li.] may also fitly be used. 1710J. Bingham Chr. Antiq. xiii. x. §13 The common Psalm of confession, or the Penitential Psalm..being no other but the fifty-first Psalm. 1885Cath. Dict., Penitential Psalms, ..Possidius tells us that St. Augustine, when dying, caused the penitential psalms, which are few in number, to be fixed on the wall opposite his bed. Probably our penitential psalms are meant.
2. Pertaining to, expressive of, or constituting ecclesiastical penance; of the nature of a penance. penitential robe, a robe worn by a public penitent.
a1535Fisher Spir. Consolat. Wks. (1876) 362 Doe you these suffrages for your owne soule, whether they be praiers or almes deedes, or any other penitentiall paynefulnesse. 1546Bale Eng. Votaries i. 37 Theodorus..publyshed a serten boke of hys owne makynge, called A penytencyall summe. 1625Meade in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. i. III. 200 The Popes Legate, who came thither to impose upon her I know not what penitential Confession for sixteen..days, for consenting to marry our King without the Popes dispensation. 1781Cowper Truth 95 Of all his conduct this the genuine sense—My penitential stripes, my streaming blood, Have purchas'd Heaven, and prove my title good. 1877Mrs. Oliphant Makers Flor. iii. 83 In penitential robes, with candle in his hand, and words of submission in his mouth. 1885Cath. Dict. (ed. 3) 652/2 From the latter part of the tenth century flogging was added to the other penitential exercises.
fig.1885H. James Little Tour in France xxx. 192 Streets..paved with villainous little sharp stones, making all exercise penitential.
B. n.
1. A person performing or undergoing penance, a penitent. Also, in humorous allusion (quot. 1664), a prisoner. rare.
1627E. F. Hist. Edw. II (1680) 16 Such melancholy Meditations are deemed a fit food for Penitentials, rather than a necessary reflection for the stomack of Regal authority. 1664Butler Hud. ii. i. 819 Then in their Robes the Penitentials Are streight presented with Credentials. 1828Blackw. Mag. XXIII. 413 A cathedral in which a hundred thousand penitentials might have prayed.
2. A book containing in codified form the canons of the Church relating to penance, its imposition, etc.; a penitentiary manual; = med.L. pœnitēntiāle, liber pœnitēntiālis.
1618Selden Hist. Tithes vii. 169 A Penitential made for direction of Priests in auricular Confession. 1651Jer. Taylor Holy Dying v. v. (1719) 216 This Advice was inserted into the Penitential of England in the time of Theodore Archbishop of Canterbury. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. lviii. (1790) XI. 16 This mode of legislation was invented by the Greeks: their penitentials were translated, or imitated, in the Latin Church. 1874Stubbs Const. Hist. I. vii. 204 The Anglo-Saxon Canons and Penitentials of the tenth century are in great part translations.
3. pl. Short for penitential psalms: see A. 1 b.
1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. ii. 143 That of David in the chiefe of his Penitentialls, Wash mee with hyssope, &c. 1672–5T. Comber Comp. Temple (1702) 14 The..words of the LI Psalm, or some other of the Penitentials.
4. pl. The signs, manners, utterances, demeanour, or behaviour of a penitent; apologetic demeanour, appearance, or behaviour. ? Obs.
b. Mourning garments; black cloths (colloq.).
1748Richardson Clarissa (1810) V. iii. 19 How odious does sorrow make an ugly face!—Thine, Jack, and this old bedlam's, in penitentials, instead of moving compassion, must evermore confirm hatred. 1751Eliza Heywood Betsy Thoughtless III. xviii. 222 (heading) Displays Miss Betsy in her penitentials. 1805Emily Clark Banks of Douro II. 146 During this interval Lord Oswell was quite in his penitentials, intreating..his dear angel to return. 1861Dickens Gt. Expect. iv, Joe..emerged from his room..in a full suit of Sunday penitentials.
†5. pl. The members of some monastic order: = penitent B. 3. Obs. rare—1.
1632Lithgow Trav. i. 15 At St. Peters Pallace..there meete 21. pilgrimes; 14. from the Trinity..and seuen from St. Peters Penitentialls.
Hence peniˈtentially adv., in a penitential manner, in the manner of a penitent.
1648W. Jenkyn Blind Guide iv. 68 You..acknowledge it [the charge] true, though not penitentially, but impudently. 1828Blackw. Mag. XXIII. 97 The soul may be sorrowfully and penitentially sensible of its sins. |